History and Structure of Travel and Tourism Sector

This report discusses the history and structure of the travel and tourism sector, including key historical developments. It also explores the factors that influence the sector, such as government and international agencies. The report analyzes the effects of supply and demand on the sector and examines the positive and negative impacts of tourism on economic, environmental, and social factors. Strategies to minimize negative impacts and maximize positive impacts are also discussed.

TRAVEL
AND
TOURISM

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Covered in poster..............................................................................................................1
1.2 The structure of travel and tourism sector (Leaflet).........................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 and 2.2 Covered in PPT....................................................................................................3
2.3 Draft an article..................................................................................................................3
Discuss the implications of political change on the travel and tourism sector in different
countries.................................................................................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................3
3.1 Factors affecting tourism demands...................................................................................3
3.2 How supply has changed to meet the effects of demand..................................................4
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................5
4.1 The positive and negative impacts of tourism on economic, environmental and social
factors.....................................................................................................................................5
4.2 Strategies that can be used to minimise the negative impacts while maximising the
positive impacts......................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
The aim of this report is to understand history and structure of travel and tourism
sector and to learn it's key historical developments. This report also consists of factors that
have influence on travel and tourism sector, like local and national governments and
international agencies.
In this report we have also discussed the effects of supply and demand on travel and
tourism sector. This report also include the analysis of overall negative and positive impacts
of travel and tourism on factors like economic, environmental and social.
Finally, this report discusses the strategies that will be adopted to minimise the
negative impacts while maximising the positive impacts of travel and tourism sector on above
factors.
TASK 1
1.1 Covered in poster
1.2 The structure of travel and tourism sector (Leaflet)
1. Commercial organisations:
- These are the private travel
and tourism organisations
like Rank, Thomas and Cook,
Virgin, etcetera.
2.Non-commercial
organisations:
Theses organisations are
responsible for followings
 planning
 research
 promotion
 advising
 rules and
regulations
3. Other private Agencies:
Transportation: It is the most
essential part of the tourism, it
include, Airlines, Coach
operators, Cruise liners, Railways,
Taxis and Car rental companies.
Accommodation: Organisations
that provide accommodation like
Hotels/Motels, Bed and Breakfast,
Resorts, Caravan, etcetera.
Attractions: These are the natural
or man-made places or
monuments that are used to attract
tourists and travellers.
Travel Agents: They act as the
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- These organisations provide
facilities like theme parks,
travel agencies, clubs and
restaurants, hotels, etcetera.
link between tour operators and
public. Their job is to sell
brochures and attract customers
by providing them with exciting
schemes.
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TASK 2
2.1 and 2.2 Covered in PPT
2.3 Draft an article
Discuss the implications of political change on the travel and tourism sector in different
countries
Date: 05/08/2017
Travel and Tourism sector greatly depends upon the political changes of any country.
Because, without political stability no country can be able to provide safe and secure
environment to it's tourists and travellers. Tourism is halted in many countries even though
they have booming potential destinations, just because of the country's political situations.
One big example in this scenario is Burma which lies under the monopoly of the
military Junta General Than Shwe. Even though Burma has outstanding geographical and
social features, but because of its unfriendly political environment with world's biggest
countries like USA and UK, Burma will have a poor development in tourism sector.
TASK 3
3.1 Factors affecting tourism demands
1. Social factors:
 demographies
 change in work pattern
 change in the way of holiday/leisure planning (Nasr, 2017)
 demand for luxury products
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2. Environment factors:
 air emissions
 carbon footprint (Mihalič, T. and et.al., 2016)
3. Technological factors:
 developing software for reservations and tour planning
 developing strong and reliable communication channels
 developing public transportation facilities (Chapman and Light 2016)
4. Political and Economic factors:
 introduction of new taxation system
 changes in VAT
 modification in government policies (Brawley, 2017)
 happening of events like, Olympics and FIFA cup
3.2 How supply has changed to meet the effects of demand
Supply has changed in the following ways to meet the effects of demands:
 Availability of luxury and budget hotels, it can definitely increase the tourism
because with the increase in luxurious and budget hotels travellers and tourists
tend to come regularly (Cró and Martins, 2017).
 Availability of different modes of transportation, like larger aircraft, high speed
bullet trains, larger cruise ships, through this the host country is providing safe
and secure means of transportation that will increase the tourism by supplying
transportation facilities (Scott, Hall and Gössling, 2016).
 Developments of new destinations, by the development of new destinations the
host country is giving the opportunity tourists and travellers to explore more
places and to extend their stay (Brawley, 2017).
 Increased availability of tour operators, by increasing the tour operators the time
consuming in planning and organising will reduce (Calof and Calof, 2017).
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TASK 4
4.1 The positive and negative impacts of tourism on economic, environmental and social
factors
1. Economic impact:
 Positive impacts- It includes having direct or indirect employment and it also
generates direct or indirect revenue, and when the economy of the country is
developed, the education quality and lifestyle also get improved (Chapman, and
Light, 2016).
 Negative impacts- It includes movement of mass population towards tourist areas
which unnecessarily populate that area, because of tourism artificial inflation is
generated in the local market which is a big problem for the local people, it also
creates seasonality in the business of local merchants (Mihalič, and et.al., 2016).
2. Environmental impact:
 Positive impacts- Tourism helps in conserving historic sites and ecosystem, it also
helps in improving infrastructure and protecting natural environment. Because,
tourism brings revenues and for that government bodies would do everything to
make sure to increase their tourism (Nasiri Hendeh Khaleh, and et.al., 2016).
 Negative impacts- Tourism also have some negative impact in the local
environment, like spoiled habitats, damaging historical sites, unnecessary use of
natural resources (Novelli, and et.al., 2016).
3. Social impact:
 Positive impacts- Tourism does flourish cultural interactions with the outside
world, it also increases the level of education and it also preserves cultural
practices like, dance, music, dressing style etcetera (Cró, and Martins, 2017).
 Negative impacts- Tourism is also responsible for, rise in crime, loss in local
facilities, commercialisation of culture and reinforcement of stereotypes and most
importantly because of increasing tourism the cities are overcrowded (Nasr,
2017).
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4.2 Strategies that can be used to minimise the negative impacts while maximising the
positive impacts
In order to counter the negative impacts of tourisms on the various factors like
economic, social, cultural and environment, it is very important to adopt and implement
effective strategies by the host country (Mihalič, and et.al., 2016).
Negative economic impacts can be minimised by adopting the strategy of managing
the living standards of the local people, so they did not get affected or pressurised to raise
their living standards by outside people. Moreover, local people should also be included in
the making of economic policies in order to help them with increasing prices. The
diversification strategy can also be adopted to reduce the dependency on tourism sector and
diversify the dependency of local people on all the sectors equally (Scott, Hall, and Gössling,
2016).
Negative environmental impacts can be reduced by adopting strategy to develop
policies to resolve conflicts between access to natural resources and natural decay of the
resources. Environmental protection agencies can also be formed to protect the environment
of the tourism sites. Moreover, the use of latest technology, improving tools for monitoring
travel and tourism in the country is very important in managing the negative impacts of
tourism on environment (hapman, and Light, 2016).
Negative social impacts can be minimised by strongly encouraging the culture of the
host country to have a good understanding for the other culture coming from outside world.
This would help the people in the host country to retain their own culture while interacting
with other cultures from various countries (Mihalič and et.al., 2016).
CONCLUSION
This report has discussed the historical developments in the travel and tourism sector
and it has also discussed the structure of the travel and tourism sector. It also includes the
analysis of the function of government, government-sponsored bodies and international
agencies in travel and tourism sector. There are many opportunities for developments in the
travel and tourism sector.
There are both positive and negative impacts of travel and tourism sector on various
factors like, economic, social and environment. There are also some strategies in this report
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that can be used to minimise the above negative impact while maximising the positive
impacts.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Al-Najjar, B., 2017. Corporate governance and CEO pay: Evidence from UK Travel and
Leisure listed firms. Tourism Management.60. pp.9-14.
Brandon-Jones, A. and et.al., 2016. Examining the characteristics and managerial challenges
of professional services: An empirical study of management consultancy in the travel,
tourism, and hospitality sector. Journal of Operations Management. 42. pp.9-24.
Brawley, O. W., 2017. The role of government and regulation in cancer prevention. The
Lancet Oncology.18(8). pp.e483-e493.
Calof, J. and Calof, J., 2017. Reflections on the Canadian Government in competitive
intelligence–programs and impacts. Foresight..19(1). pp.31-47.
Chapman, A. and Light, D., 2016. Exploring the tourist destination as a mosaic: The
alternative lifecycles of the seaside amusement arcade sector in Britain. Tourism
Management. 52. pp.254-263.
Cró, S. and Martins, A. M., 2017. Structural breaks in international tourism demand: Are they
caused by crises or disasters?. Tourism Management.63. pp.3-9.
Mihalič, T. and et.al., 2016. The influence of the political environment and destination
governance on sustainable tourism development: a study of Bled, Slovenia. Journal of
Sustainable Tourism. 24(11). pp.1489-1505.
Nasiri Hendeh Khaleh, E. and et.al., 2016. Identification of the Relationship between
Tourism Industry Development and Economic Growth of Zanjan Province. Journal of
Urban Economics and Management.4(15). pp.75-94.
Nasr, N. E. S., 2017. Raising competitiveness for the Travel and Tourism Industry (the Case
of Egypt). International Journal of Heritage, Tourism, and Hospitality. 10(2/2).
Novelli, M. and et.al., 2016. Travel philanthropy and sustainable development: the case of the
Plymouth–Banjul Challenge. Journal of Sustainable Tourism.24(6). pp.824-845.
Scott, D., Hall, C. M. and Gössling, S., 2016. A review of the IPCC Fifth Assessment and
implications for tourism sector climate resilience and decarbonization. Journal of
Sustainable Tourism.24(1). pp.8-30.
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