Analyzing Strategic Management and Sustainability in Tourism

This assignment delves into the critical aspects of managing the tourism industry strategically, with a strong focus on sustainable practices. It involves examining the relationships between various factors affecting post-purchase behavioral intentions, the impact of social media on consumer decision processes, and the importance of transportation infrastructure in tourism. Additionally, it explores the economic benefits of aviation and the performance of the tourism sector under different institutional influences.

TRAVEL AND TOURISM
SECTOR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Key historical development in travel and tourism sector.................................................1
2.1 Structure of travel and tourism sectors.............................................................................2
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Functions of government, government sponsored bodies and international agencies in
travel and tourism...................................................................................................................4
2.2 Influence of local and national economic policies over the success of travel and tourism
sector.......................................................................................................................................4
2.3 Implications of political change on travel and tourism sector in different countries.......5
Task 3...............................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Factors affecting tourism demand....................................................................................5
3.2 How supply has changed to meet the effects of demand..................................................6
Task 4...............................................................................................................................................7
4.1 Positive and negative economic, environmental and social impacts of tourism..............7
4.2 Strategies that can be used to minimize the negative impacts while maximizing the
positive impacts......................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism sector is the important aspect for the nation economic and social
development. As the UK is already the one of the most favourite destination for the tourist. The
more attract of the tourisms in the UK due to the historical development in travel and tourism
sector has been done by the various private and public bodies. It is important to form the
structure of these industry more effective and efficient achieve the outcomes. The different
function of the government sponsor bodies and agency will help to more development ion the
tour and travel sectors of the UK. The local and internation economic will pay the major role in
the success of these sectors. As the various implication of the political changes in the travel and
tourism sector will affect the various organisation business. As the TUI groups will play the
major role to deal with the affected on the demands and supply. The positive and negative of the
social, economical and environmental factor has to be important aspect to considered for the
minimize and maximize the impact of each factors on the tour and travel sectors.
TASK 1
1.1 Key historical development in travel and tourism sector.
It is the main industry which is important for the countries development and growth of
the society. As the economic condition of the United kingdom has downward sloping due to
which the travel and tourism development has been affected. But the United kingdom has taken
various steps for the development of travel and tourism sectors. In the United kingdom the
development has been started according to need of the industry. Historical development in the
united kingdom has been emerging as the road and railway has been introduce in a better way
develop the travel and tourism industry which will help to bring the growth and social
development. The way UK historical development in travel and tourism sectors in following
manner:
Year Development
1908-138 In the ancient time people travel from the ship or road network
are not good but after the first rail network had changed the
entire revolution of travel and tourism industry in ancient
period.
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As these the most important time in which the united kingdom
has started with major decisions to bring the various step has
been taken such as ford introduce the motor car in UK in the
year 1908. in the year 1919 commercial service has started in
the some part of the nations. Also the government of the UK
Introduce the holiday with pay act.
1939-1969 As these the year of second world war and on the other side it is
important to think about the tour and travel industry. As such in
the year 1949 the first package for the tour has been introduce
by UK government. In the same year first British aircraft has
been establish for the better travel facility for the passenger.
(Hudson and Thal, 2013) While in the year 1954 introduce
aircraft which can be easily take over 707 passenger for the
commercial services.
1969-1994 In the year 1969 UK has been set up tourist development board
for the various development change and monitored to the
industry needs. As in the year 1976 boards had collaborations
with air France and British airways produce Concorde.
2001-2005 In the year 2001 they had started first non holding flight is open
around the world which can be run without refuelling.
As the continue development of the UK tour and travel industry more contribution from the
Thomas cook groups has been introduce their services. As the TUI groups has also been
competitive with the other agency.
1.2 Structure of travel and tourism sectors.
As the structure of the travel and tourism sector will be beneficial to the various
organisation and other products and service given to the tourist such as accommodation,
Transportation and sightseeing etc.
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Travel agents and tour operators: As these are the main key person for the tourism sector to
bring the various services. They will mange the holiday packages and fulfil the other needs of
tourist. It has various organisation in the nation who bring the travel and tourism sectors more
develop (Perovic, 2013). As the agent and and tour operator responsibility to come up with the
various discount for the tourist to attract more and more tourism in the UK. It is the duty of the
board to allocate the separate budget for the tour and travel operator in which they can give more
benefited to the customer.
Public sector: As the development of media due to travel an tourism industry had changed in
the UK. All the government bodies are responsibility to monitored the industry and tourism
welfare. Such government bodies are ATOL or Air travel Organiser Licences to from any
organization related with tour and travel.
Private sector: TUI group has the organisation in UK to provide the goods and services related
with the tour and travel tom the tourist. Such services as accommodation and better travel
packages for the tourist.
Supportive Services: it is the main aspect to handle in the different supportive service which are
additional provide to the customer along with tour and travel service for the support such service
are financial services, insurance, foreign currency exchanges. Along with the services such as
passport and visa services which important to visit the authorised boards.
Accommodation: These the main service to manage the tour and travel industry which is impact
on the price of different packages which are providing to the customer. As the accommodation
can be the better resort and hotel which can give the comfort to the tourist. It is depends on the
demands of the customer interest and their need which can be important to be included in their
services.
Transportation:
It is the another important aspect for the tour and travel industry need to develop. As the
transportation is the most important aspect for the tourism which can be easy to aces form the
one destination to another destitutions. the vaporous mode of transportation such as air, railways
and ship will be directly impact on the cost it can be include ion the packages of the tour. As the
different mode of the transportations operator in the United Kingdom:
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Air travel: These type of the service are help to provide the fast service to the tourist. Air travel
can be depends on the domestic and international locations. It will attract more tourist with the
rapid service can be easily proved ion the nominal charges (Noti, 2013.).
Road transport: These are the most important aspect for the local tourist as the roads transport
of the nation will be more effective to attract the tourist on the internal locations.
Cruise: As per the different individual tourist interest these is also one of the more of
transportation which can be attract to the customer. It can be unique experience for the tourist as
they will get the water and different sites location which will give more peace to the tourist.
Attractions:
There are the different range to attract the destinations which are natural and heritage
place. The proper attraction will be on the different location has to be cared by the development
authority team which will give effective result for the tourist sectors. It is important for the
cultures and values will help to attract the tourism in the united kingdom.
Task 2
2.1 Functions of government, government sponsored bodies and international agencies in travel
and tourism.
As the different bodies and agency will help to manage the operation of tourism in the
United Kingdom. The following are the different government and international agency which
has specific function in the tour and travel industry such as:
WTO: it is stand for the worlds tourism organisations is the responsible for the sustainable
tourist development in all over the world. It is the agency which has to bring the various
legislation and other rules and regulation form the tourist detestation. There main function is to
promote the tourism as the nation economics growth will be measure on the basis of these
agency. As the environmental sustainability through the tourist sector has to be maintained with
the various code of the conduct for the nation. As all the nation has to follow the WTO rules and
regulation in the tour and travel industry which will give more adverse impact on the tourism
sector. As the UNWTO will generate the market knowledge and advertise the tourist polices
with their competitive advantages.
WTTC: it is stand for the world travels tourism councils is an forums which is set up by the
global business community for the various development of the organisation with the help of
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tourism industry. Also the government will raise the awareness for the private sector
organisation to bring the various developmental for the tourism sectors. It will help to attract the
more and more tourism in the nations. WTTC will research on the economic and social impact
on the tour and travel industry.
IATA: it is stand for the international air transport associations which is include they 278 airline
organisation from the 117 nations IATA members. As it will support to the air industry of in
various services which will attract more tourism from the air services with important of polices
and set of standard.
2.2 Influence of local and national economic policies over the success of travel and tourism
sector.
As in every nation economic policy have the major role to bring the tour and travel and
development in the on the local an internation level. It is important for the united kingdom to
take the various step to change the economic policies which can be easy to control the drawback
of the internation economic police influence non the UK travel and tourism sectors. There the
economic policies which are important for the nation to commitment in the travel and tourism
development as the changes in the tax rate will affected on the revune of the travel and tourism
sectors. It will be extra burden on the organisation which thy have to pay huge tax and if the tax
rate will be high then direct impact on tourist packages will increase the cost of the different
service (Roxas and Chadee, 2013). So it is important for the UK government to decrease the tax
on the local level which can be easy for the industry. As the era of globalisation which can be
affect to the tour and travel industry with the change in the economic polices at the internation
level will influence on the UK tourism industry as the attraction of the overseas people will be
decrease due their disposable income will be more burden on the different services. Also then
fiscal polices and monetary policies have the importation role in the tour and travel industry for
their success. Fiscal pattachmenjtolicy is in the had of the governed which will be directly
impact on the nations income and expenditure in context of the tour and travel industry.
According to the fiscal policies government can easily allocate the budget to the industry for the
various development plans to attract more tourism in the UK.
2.3 Implications of political change on travel and tourism sector in different countries
As in the every nation changes in the political on the travel and tourism sector in a
different countries will be beneficial to develop the tourism industry if the stable government
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will implement the various changes on these sectors will be directly impact on the growth and
development. As the political changes will attract more tourism sector the in the UK because of
the bilateral relation of the nation will give more positive reaction on the tourism and it related to
the business (Hudson and Thal, 2013). As the political instability in the different countries such
as Pakistan which is majorly poor impact on the tourism because in such nation only more
terrorism can be get not the tourism. On the their nation like India will be positive response for
each and every citizen from their different countries. As their political commitment made to
provide more safety to the nation tourist will help to the travel and tourism sectors. The more the
tourist has to attract on towards the nation it is important for the political stability in that nation
they have to take various decision to develop the tour and travel industry.
Task 3
3.1 Factors affecting tourism demand in London.
As the TUI groups will be for the different strategies for the considering the factors that
will affect the tourism demands.
Emerging economies: As the London is the most favourite place for the tourism as the rapid
economic growth nations. The influence of the various development in the tourism activities in
these countries. It is important for the management of TUI to develop the effective strategies for
the tourism development will help to attract the tourist with the better services. As the manger
and leader of the organisation will monitored regularly and visit the various locations. As the
emerging economics will help to attract the tourist.
Demographic factors: As these are the main important factor in which the lifestyle, age, income
level of individual are such aspect included in the demographic factors (Spenceley, 2012). As the
tourist which are in young age will prefer more travelling. As the organisation will focus on the
various packages to attract the customer on the basis of taste and preference with interest of
tourist. The more the young tourism can be demands for the various service which will affect
the demands. As the tourist which are middle class background are more conscious about the
price and they prefer to travel with family and friends.
Social factors- As the London serving tourism which have major impact on the society. These
the most important factors which can be included the taste and preference of the society will
affect on the demand in the travel and tourism sectors. As the customer requirement the tour
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operator has to design the various packages according to the customer Interest destinations and
with proper budget will can be affect the demand on the tourism services. As the London attract
all the types of tourist due to the social cooperates.
Political factors: It is the important for the government agency to develop the various policies in
regarding to give benefits to tourist and development of tour and travels agency will help to
nation with the contribution in the GDP. As the political framework will impact the on the
demands of the different services.
Technological: The most important aspect is the technological factors which will affect to the
demands as the technological will be directly impact on the tour and travel operator of the
organisation. Because the customer needs the online booking nowadays which is the majorly
impact on the agent business. Visitor in London can find the information from the diffierent
application for maps and destinations search.
Therefore in the London more of the tourism will be affect due to the economic and political
changes in which the tourist have to face many difficulties.
3.2 How supply has changed to meet the effects of demand.
As the demands will be affected due to the various factor but it is the responsibility of the
organisation to supply properly of various demands which can be meet the effect of demands
and over the last the last few years London has known a lot in terms of supply. There are lot of
different facilitates for tourist such given below:
Attraction: For the tourism London eye is the most attraction for tourism and which gives the
best view from all the side. As the London eye has the biggest attraction for the tourist.
Accommodation: as these is also one of the most important aspect for the organisation to
provides the better accommodation to the tourist as their commitment made by the organisation
with different packages such as hotel, resort and other food services will be more effective which
will meet the effect on the demands. In UK accommodation burden is less and more tourist will
attract due to the less cost and high quality accommodation available to the tourist.
Ancillary services: These the are the services which the organisation will provide to the tourist
for their safety journey such as financial services and travel consultation etc.
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Task 4
4.1 Positive and negative economic, environmental and social impacts of tourism.
As the every factors have the positive and negative impact on the tourism in flowing
manner:
Factors Positive impacts Negative impacts
Economic As the most demand of travel and tourism
services has been significantly increased.
Thus, due to such increment it raises the
economic of the country (Weaver, 2012).
Also, it provides different job
opportunities to people and attract several
investors to invest in international
business. Another positive impact is that it
assists in increasing the value of foreign
reserves that supports in international trade
services.
As the international tourism
plays important role in increase
foreign exchange and enhance
profits which will negatively
impact on the nations
economy. For instance,for the
outflow of the currency for the
tour operator business which
are international to managed
organisations. As the number
of visitors are the outsider
arriving the country instead of
domestic tourists and thus it
affects the foreign reserves.
Environmental Environmental factor that will be affect on
the natural resources such as wildlife,
water etc. as the growth and development
in tourism provides opportunities to
wildlife lovers to visit the nations and
which will investigate the others breeds of
birds and wild animals. As the important
for the local authorities for their safety
and environmental issues such as increase
in pollution and water management etc.
Environmental factors also
negatively influences the travel
and tourism sector because
increasing in number of
travellers it leads to providing
adverse impact on the
environment in the form of
carrying out illegal activities
such as killing wild animals.
Thus, it disturbs the ecological
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balance of the country.
Social In the social factors when people travel in
domestic and international level for
different purposes such as business,
adventurous etc., then it increases the
personal interactions of tourists with the
host country population (Zapata and Hall,
2012). However, such interaction is also
very effective in regard to enhance the
knowledge regarding the culture and
heritage of the host country.
The various adverse impacts
as well upon the society. To
interact with local people to
different nations culture may
influence them and they adopt
the same culture which affects
the local culture, traditions and
beliefs.
4.2 Strategies that can be used to minimize the negative impacts while maximizing the positive
impacts.
As the negative and positive impact can be maximize of minimize according to the
various implementations of the organisations.
 Economic impact: As the economic condition of the UK has been directly impact on
tourism sector (Connell, 2013). The more overseas tourist will be attract in the nation it
will be impact on the economic as the more employment will be generated and but on
other side it will be majorly affected to the high prove of the goods and services on the
burden of local people with more attraction of tourist on the nation. As to minimize the
negative impact of the economic government will focus to implement the different
strategies in the nation to avoid reduce the impact.
 Environmental impact: The different bodies of the government will focus to implement
the legislation decision to minimize the negative impact (Berne, Garcia-Gonzalez, and
Mugica, 2012). To save the consumption of the natural resources to adverse impact on
the environmental which will be government agency will make the huge impact on the
wildlife and other animal can be save from the tourist with the different training session
can be conduct to bring the awareness for the prevention of environment.
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 Social impact: in these the government will play the major role to launch different types
of the events and campaign will link with positive and negative impacts can maximize as
well minimize to aware about the culture and values of the nations. These can be done
through the help of television and internet also from then social media to make more
aware among the individual.
CONCLUSION
From the report tour and travel sector will help to develop the economic growth and
development of UK. The various government bodies and agencies such as Worlds travel
organisations and international air transport associations will play the major role to develop the
different nation travel and tourism sector and related with the business. As the TUI groups will
be focus on the nations which have the more tour and travel tourism help to provide the various
packages and services to attract the customer. To influence of the local and international
economic polices will be impact on the nation development of the tour and travel. It is important
for the nation to maximize and minimize the various impact of the factor will help to reduce the
burden on the society and environment.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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tourism distribution channels. Tourism Management, 33(1), pp.205-214.
Connell, J., 2013. Contemporary medical tourism: Conceptualisation, culture and
commodification. Tourism Management, 34, pp.1-13.
Evans, N., Stonehouse, G. and Campbell, D., 2012. Strategic management for travel and
tourism. Taylor & Francis.
Hall, C.M., Scott, D. and Gössling, S., 2013. The primacy of climate change for sustainable
international tourism. Sustainable Development, 21(2), pp.112-121.
Hudson, S. and Thal, K., 2013. The impact of social media on the consumer decision process:
Implications for tourism marketing. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(1-2), pp.156-
160.
Jankingthong, W. and Gonejanart, P., 2012. The relationships of factors affecting post-purchase
behavioral intentions in tourism sector. Silpakorn University Journal of Social Sciences,
Humanities, and Arts, 12(1), pp.72-90.
Mammadov, R., 2012. The importance of transportation in tourism sector.
Mariani, M.M., Buhalis, D., Longhi, C. and Vitouladiti, O., 2014. Managing change in tourism
destinations: Key issues and current trends. Journal of Destination Marketing &
Management, 2(4), pp.269-272.
Noti, E., 2013. Web 2.0 and the its influence in the tourism sector. European Scientific Journal,
ESJ, 9(20).
Perovic, J., 2013. The economic benefits of aviation and performance in the travel & tourism
competitiveness index. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013, 1(1).
Roxas, B. and Chadee, D., 2013. Effects of formal institutions on the performance of the tourism
sector in the Philippines: The mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Tourism
Management, 37, pp.1-12.
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Spenceley, A. ed., 2012. Responsible tourism: Critical issues for conservation and development.
Routledge.
Weaver, D.B., 2012. Organic, incremental and induced paths to sustainable mass tourism
convergence. Tourism Management, 33(5), pp.1030-1037.
Xiang, Z., Magnini, V.P. and Fesenmaier, D.R., 2015. Information technology and consumer
behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet. Journal of
Retailing and Consumer Services, 22, pp.244-249.
Zapata, M.J. and Hall, C.M., 2012. Public–private collaboration in the tourism sector: balancing
legitimacy and effectiveness in local tourism partnerships. The Spanish case. Journal of Policy
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