History of Travel and Tourism

This assignment delves into the history of travel and tourism, tracing its development from early forms of pilgrimage and cultural exchange in ancient times to the rise of organized tourism in later centuries. It highlights significant events, figures, and factors that have shaped the industry over time, including the influence of the Olympics, religious activities, and technological advancements.

The Travel and Tourism
sector

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
TASK 1 ..........................................................................................................................................4
1.1: Covered in poster.................................................................................................................4
1.2: Covered in poster ................................................................................................................4
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Covered in PPT.....................................................................................................................4
2.2 Covered in PPT.....................................................................................................................4
2.3 Covered in PPT.....................................................................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................4
3.1- Explain factors affecting tourism demand...........................................................................4
3.2Explain how supply has changed at TUI Group to meet the effects of demand....................5
4.2 - Explain strategies that can be used to minimize the negative impacts while maximizing
the positive impacts for example on TUI Group businesses.......................................................6
Task 4...............................................................................................................................................8
4.1: Economic, environmental and social impact of tourism......................................................8

INTRODUCTION
The travel and tourism sector is on high boom across the globe. The travel and tourism
sector have an significant impact on the economy of any country. The travel and tourism sector
consider as a business which provide information, transportation, accommodation and other
services to the tourists, it is an activity or practise for touring which performed on the basis of
offering pleasurable services. The present study is covering the history and structure of tour and
travel environment along with this it also reflect on various other key areas such as the regulatory
framework of local and national government and the impact of tourism on the social,
environmental and national factors. (Guttentag, 2015)

TASK 1
1.1: Development in travel and tourism sector
In the early age, cultural aspects, learning languages and travelling challenges restricted (Capacci, Scorcu and Vici, 2015). In 14 century
Christopher Columbus sailed westward and vasco da gama cruised to country for earn money then business travel has been integral part of
tourism industry(Cave and Brown 2012).
Early tourism started with Nomads who travelled around the world in search of food and
shelter. Main intension of this traveller is to gathered food and traded around the world and gave rise to the barter system (Capacci, Scorcu and
Vici, 2015). 1500 BC is marked as the era when the Europeans visited pyramids and thus developed the tourism for pilgrimage. Early tourism
started with Nomads who travelled around the world in search of food and shelter. Main intension of this traveller is to gathered food and traded
around the world and gave rise to the barter system (Capacci, Scorcu and Vici, 2015). 1500 BC is marked as the era when the Europeans visited
pyramids and thus developed the tourism for pilgrimage.
Historical developments of travel and tourism industry
The great pyramid of Giza was considered as the world's largest building from 2570 B.C. To
1300 A.D, which is one of the tourist attraction since then in Egypt. The Egyptian landscape is
The country is majorly composed
mostly of dust particles and sand. In
the earlier years of Greece,
many people tends to travel
every year to visit a variety of
festivals and games, including
but not restricted to the
"Tourism" also
flourished in the Middle
Ages throughout
Europe in the form of
pilgrimages, which
carried momentous
spiritual significance,
beginning around the
3rd and 4th centuries.
A web of highways was available in ancient Roman
empire which made the travellers easy to visit in the
Roman empire. Another factor that promoted
tourism in ancient Roman empire was religious
activities. Roman games and theatre arts are other
factors. It laid the foundation for modern tourism
activities.
Travel was also common
from Magna Graceia—the
areas in Southern Italy
extensively populated by
Greek settlers—to Greece
for cultural exchange. In
the fifth century BCE, the
historian Herodotus
travelled to Egypt, Tyre,
and Babylon, writing
about his journey.
There are various events take
place in the history which make
the the route for the development
of the travel and tourism across
the globe. The Olympic started
over 2700 years ago in the
Olympia which is situated in the
south-west Greece. AS the game
were part of their religious
festival. The modern Olympic
games inspired by the Greek
Olympics and begun in 1896,
these events also considered as the
development of tour and travel as
people are travelling around the
world after fantasize about the
games and other events. The
games are act as the platform to
display the culture of the country
so definitely it plays a very vital
role in attracting the tourism in the
various countries. Egypt Babylon
was also very fascinating place for
the tourists as it was one of the
priority choice for the visitors as it
has its own religious importance.
Earlier, aspects related to culture, languages
required for learning and challenges of travelling
were limited (Capacci, Scorcu and Vici, 2015). In
14 century Christopher Columbus moved
westward and vasco da gama came to the nation
so that money could be earned. Travel has become
an important segment of tourism industry(Cave

1.2: The travel and tourism sector structure
The travel and tourism sector is very huge and vast. The systematic structure of tour and
travel business consists with various factors such as
Transportation, it is a key
element which complete the
definition of travel and
tourism business. The
Structure of Travel &
Tourism Industry can't be
imagined with out the
transportation part in it.
There are various types of
transportation are available
such as airlines, railways,
buses, Cruise liners, rental
taxis and so on. (Hudson and
Thal, 2013)
Accommodation, is
provided by various tour and
travel agencies which
provide accommodation and
food related services. There
are various types of
accommodation which
provided by the
organizations such as hotels,
bed, resorts, apartments and
so on.
Information and
coordination, travel and
tourism sectors have many
other sub sectors which
provide supporting services
to the tourist such are tour
guides, tourism information
centres, travel insurance
companies, outlets for
refreshments, councils,
research bodies and task
forces.(Guttentag, 2015)
Tour operators and travel agent, tour operators are those who form a package by
producing holidays for the tourists. They form a negotiable package for the accommodation
and all the other services. Travel agents mostly do their job by selling the brochures which
consist with the package.(Michailidou, Vlachokostas and Moussiopoulos, 2016)

TASK 2

In earlier days only local government was responsible for the development and growth of
tourism. Earlier when railway services became better and convenient way of transportation
and travel, tourism at that time started acquiring popularity.
Tourhsm gets interest by many international bodies which were both governmental as well as
sponsored by government. Countries which are industry oriented have low interest in
tourism sector as compared to others.
The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO/OMT) is a leading international organization of
United Nation which is specialized in tourism. It works as a global tourism policy and a
practical source for the industry. The agency has made many efforts in nourishing its
connection with commercial and non governmental associates through its system of affiliate
partnership which will help in the guidance for cooperative actions.

Tourism is indirectly affected by the government's economic policies. Tours and travels is an
integral part of country. Socioeconomic benefits can be generated by tourism by foreign
exchange funds, by created awareness of employment among the people, and by generating
awareness among the local community.
Economic policies for development of tourism should be framed in a such a way that the local
community can make benefit of it .
Further viewpoints and prospects of local community should be considered so to decide tourism
level in their surrounding.
There are many countries which do not generate profits and benefits from the tourism industry as
government does not have assigned priority to the tourism sector.
From the few past years, the Monetary policies made by government are also focusing in the
nourishment of the tourism sector. Monetary policy affect the tourism industry greatly but
this also effects adversely the exchange rate of the countries currency and if currency
plunges tourism will get increase ultimately due to the vacation in the country will become
less expensive for travelers in other countries.

TASK 3
3.1 Different approaches that affects tourism needs
Factors affecting tourism in country can vary from exchange rate to people loosing their
jobs. The important services which are required during travelling are known as basic demands of
the tourism. These includes better facilities, accommodation and other services. Tourist demand
has influenced the TUI in various ways. There are many other factors associated with such as
Environment, policies, taxation and the political conditions. Terrorism, threats to people's
life ,earthquakes etc also contributes in affecting tourism demand. Factors may also include
changing age structure to visit a country and the high standards of education. Transportation also
plays a great role in tourism.(Michailidou, Vlachokostas and Moussiopoulos, 2016) There are
three types of demands which are defined as follows: Actual Demand: This demand takes place when public really put their wishes to be
completed. This demand is also known as an effective demand as it influences the
tourism industry directly. Travellers which are unable to complete their wish to travel
due to low income or they postponed it for next time are the first kind of people while
second kind of people are those which cancel their travelling due to some reasons like
supply chain factors. Suppressed Demand: These demands includes lack of service or small amount of
services which are available to very few people.
 Latent demand: Latent demand is opposite of actual demand. In this, demand of the
people are not fulfilled by tourism industry. In this, visitor wants to fulfil the specific
demand for particular destination with temporal and spatial expression.
There are many other factors that affects tourism. Such factors are described below:
 The demand for tourism gets decreases if the income of the people decreases.
 It completely depends on the taste and mood of customer. This can be understand
as customer doesn't want to enjoy at some exotic and amazing destination and
wants to enjoy at his own place drops down the tourism.
 Transportation costs matters to plan any visit. Air traveling is costlier medium but
there is no other medium to reach other than that.
 Cost of travel and recession reduce the travellers and tourists.

 The dynamic nature of tourists these days and varying interests in different areas
restricts them from travelling.
 Terrorism affect the tourism as it will affect the sectors that are directly related to
them.
3.2 Explaining the ways in which supply was changed at TUI group
Supply has a considerable role in tourism. Resources required for tourism supply are
man-made and natural resources. Tourism industry has to make changes in their offers in order to
fulfil the needs of the tourists. In tourism industry various factors are required such as
telecommunication to communicate with one another. Accommodation facilities to stay .
Transportation facilities to travel from one place to another.To meet the demands of visitors , it is
very necessary for TUI to bring change in their regular trend. Reliability on natural, artificial
and regulatory elements are the main factors on which tourism operation is dependent.
There is great need of natural and man-made resources in tourism industry. It also
requires better transportation, telecommunication and infrastructure facilities. The four types of
supply elements are defined below:
Environmental and natural elements : It gives idea about the destination place, preservation and
protection of natural environment, tourism etc. Man made resources : Man-made resources consists of construction such as construction
of water resources, sewage resources to maintain cleanliness at that location, electricity
supply, roads ,pavements etc.
 Hospitality and transportation: Transportation is very essential as without it one cannot
imagine its easy life. It helps in making distance shorter and reach the destination within
small amount of time. Similarly, hospitality is an essential resource in tourism industry.
Hospitality refers to the relationship a guest and a host is sharing. Hospitality resources
includes accommodation which may include hotels, resorts, guest houses, food and
accommodation facilities which are involved in the tour package (Khan, 2014).
TASK 4

4.2 - Explain strategies that can be used to minimize the negative impacts while maximizing the
positive impacts for example on TUI Group businesses.
Lack of management will directly affect the heritage of the destination. Therefore,
effective management in tourism industry is very necessary. Further, eco-tourism has helped in
conserving the resources. It is widely accepted by the world as it motivates sustainable
environment. It also helps in maintaining and utilizing the resources so that they can be
preserved for meeting future needs (Standing,Tang-Taye and Boyer, 2014)
Negative and positive impacts of tourism:
 Thailand is famous for its historical monuments,beaches and colorful culture. and Beach
culture has increased noise pollution in Thailand.
 The AIDS factor is a major factor affecting tourism sector.
 If we consider Spain most of the people do speak English and the resorts are losing their
Spanish identity.
 Crime and Drug intake is a major issue in Spain which has negative impact on tourism.
 Tourists must be encouraged to stay in local hotels so that they do not affect the lives of
the people. Accommodation of visitors in luxurious hotels requires more space which
directly affects the living of the people. By offering such packages, visitors come to know
the culture of the local people.
 In addition to this, local people will also be provided with an opportunity to understand
the visitors coming to their places for exploration.
 Management should involves some programs which includes the providence of educating
the visitors to keep their minimal impact on the environment.
 Tourism often leads to damage of landscape , environmental pollution, disturbances in
livelihood, increased traffics etc. All such factors have negative impact which should be
minimized.
 The most important segment that accounts in tourism sector is the environment
protection. The local population should be aware of the safety of environment.
 There should be a proper and effective management of the tourist figure visiting the
place. This management can assist in the prevention of environmental damage.
 Some regulations of tourism department makes visors deprived of experiencing the
handicrafts, customs and festivals of the country.

 Depending upon the locations, some rules and regulations should be imposed by the
departments on the things which are to be or not to be brought by the visitors.
 Tourism jobs are poorly paid jobs which is one of the negative impact of it. These jobs
are beneficial for multinational hotel companies to make their business values, whereas
the local communities are not much satisfied with them.
 There are many benefits associated with the tourists. Also, the implementation of the
programs for them also provide benefit of awareness among the locals.
 Tourism industry creates a lot of job opportunities for hotels, tour guides and
housekeeping and this can be called as one of the main positive impact .
 Tourism provides the public with the knowledge of environment and the ways of
improvement. It further enhances the opportunities of job for the local people. Moreover,
there are also some indirect employments, for example- farming, food manufacturing,
etc.
Task 4
4.1: Impact of tourism on different factors
As TUI is the leading company in the travel and tourism sector which having very broad
portfolio of services and they provide their services to various countries.
SPAIN
Economic impacts
In the year 2012 Spain has acquired third position in tourism industry in context of
foreign tourist. It has secured second position in generating the economy. The tourism is Spain
considered as a highly seasonable industry. The trend in tourism business in Spain has also play
a significant role for the labour market therefore tourism has a huge impact on the economy and
the employment related affairs. The tourism sector is providing two most influential sector for
the economy which are generating the foreign currency and employment opportunities. These all
aspects are a good sign for the TUI group. The things which TUI needs to consider in Spain is
there are various hidden cost also associated with the tourism which need to taken care otherwise
result can be adverse for them. (Scott, Hall and Gössling, 2016)
Social impacts

The positive impact of social factors with reference to TUI in the country such as Spain is
a condition of transport is very developed out there, cheaper travel, Increase in the wealth of
people, increase the living standard of people. Whereas negative impacts are Language problem,
The resort out there are losing their identity, some holiday makers behave badly and petty crime
and drug taking.(Hudson and Thal, 2013)
Environmental impact
Spain environment is very soothing and attractive for the foreign customers which is a
good sign for TUI. Other than that the pollution is creating many problem for the tourism
business in Spain.
Thailand
Economic impacts
It is beneficial for TUI to locate their business in the Thailand as tourism is a pillar for the
economy of Thailand. These industry is generating hundred of billions out there. The only
problem is large scale transfer of tourism revenues.
Social impacts
The social impact of Spain is average as it is a host country and tourism brings changes
into the host community. AS many local are selling drugs to tourists.
Environmental impact
Thailand is the one of the best country for the tourist who love environment and scenery.
Thailand is full of environmental resources but there is deficiency in awareness to preserve the
environmental resources which are causing harm to the beauty of Thailand.(Khan, 2014)