Sustainable Tourism Development in Island Destinations

This assignment content provides a collection of research papers and studies related to tourism in island destinations. The sources cover various aspects of sustainable tourism, tourist motivations, destination image, brand equity, and knowledge discovery. Additionally, the content includes online resources that highlight global problems and solutions, international tourist arrivals, travel and tourism economic impact, and visitor economy facts.

Tourist Destinations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................4
Task 1.........................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Analysing of main tourist destinations and generators of the world...............................4
1.2 Statistical analysis to determine the tourism destination trends......................................6
Task 2.........................................................................................................................................9
2.1 Analysis of cultural, physical and social features of tourist destinations........................9
2.2 Comparison of characteristics of developing and developed tourist destinations.........10
Task 3.......................................................................................................................................10
3.1 Appeal of current leading tourist destinations and developing tourist destinations......10
3.2 Characterises of tourist destinations which affect its appeal.........................................13
Task 4.......................................................................................................................................14
4.1 Issues that affect the popularity of tourist destinations.................................................14
4.2 Potential for responsible tourism to enhance host communities...................................16
Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................17
References................................................................................................................................18

Illustration Index
Illustration 1: International Tourism growth..............................................................................6
Illustration 2: World Travel Trend.............................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Tourism industry is one of the fastest growing service industry which is significantly
contributing in the economy of a nation. With the view to expand the international travel and
tourism businesses in the competitive world and maximize the profitability, it has become
necessary to have an understanding of the travel patterns of tourists and destinations. In the
present module, learners will be able to study and explore the factors, such as cultural,
physical and social of destinations along with the trends and issues which can affect their
appeal (Graci and Dodds, 2010). Moreover, with the comprehensive study statistical data and
information, future trends of tourism will be analysed. In addition to this, there are various
holidays destinations will also be described with key factors which can increase their
sustainability. With the context of TUI Group, which is one of the leading tourism business
across the world, having wide range of portfolio of tour operators, agencies and other online
portals, various current issues and challenges faced of tourism industry will be discussed.
TASK 1
1.1 Analysing of main tourist destinations and generators of the world
As per the provided case of TUI Group, it is laying concern over providing right tour
packages, better tourism experiences and maintaining the loyalty and trust of customers
(Anderson, 2011). It is also focused to recognise and examine the latest issues and trends
which are affecting its tour management operations in world's top five destinations along with
their income generation and visitor's numbers (Ashworth and Page, 2011). Moreover, number
of nights spent and spending by which purpose will analysed by using available recent
statistical data. The main top five tourist destination are United Kingdom; France; Italy;
Greece and Turkey.
Country Visitors
number
(2013)
Visitors
numbers
(2014)
Changes
form 2013
to 2014
(%)
Income
(US$)
Billion
Receipts
Top 5 source markets
and number in 2013/14
France 84.7
million
83.6
million
0.10% $1,245
billion
Spain
UK
Germany

China
USA
Italy 48.6
million
47.7
million
1.80% $ 15
billion
Germany
United States
France
United Kingdom
Switzerland
Turkey 39.8
million
37.8
million
5.30% $30 billion Germany
Russia
United Kingdom
Georgia
Bulgaria
UK 32.6
million
34.4
million
5.20% $22.072bil
lion
France
Germany
United States
Republic of Ireland
Spain
Greece 22.0
million
17.9
million
23.00% $ 131
billion
Germany
United Kingdom
Bulgaria
France
Russia
From the above table, analysis of world's top five tourist destinations is mentioned
below:

 France: It is one of the popular tourist destination which is visited by millions of
tourist every year (Ashworth and Page, 2011). France has many attractive place, like
cave paintings, hotels, art galleries, museums and many more grab the attention of
travellers. Paris is an incredible place which portrays fabulous instance of fine art.
The French government is also contributing to the development of tourism industry in
significant manner. In addition to this, it has been stated from the research that there
were 83.6 million who visited the France in 2014.
 Italy: It is popular for prolonged mediterranean coastlines, which is visited by
millions of travellers each year (Brebbia and Pineda, 2010). The country is also
known for its diversified culture, cuisines, rituals and customs. Moreover, the broad
spectrum of scope of travel and tourism industry is increasing with swift pace. It has
been demonstrated that in 2014, the total number of international visitors was 37.8
million. Turkey: This country has clinched image for mesmerising and exotic places. There
are various beautiful temples, attractive mosques, and historical places to visit and
explore. Due to all this attractions, the scope of tourism is continuously increasing. UK: Tourism business in the UK is growing with rapid rate, as there are many
attractions, such as theme parks, amusement parks, monuments, art galleries and other
places attract over than million tourist (Benur and Bramwell, 2015). London, UK is
known as worlds popular tourist destination for which many people make their
holiday trip. In addition to this, its has been reported in year 2014 that the number of
visitors increased by 5.2 % than year 2013.
 Greece: The Greece is known for its incredible places, diversified culture, heritage
places, beaches, landscapes and interior walls which inspires people to explore this
fascinating destinations. Moreover, its has been estimated in 2014 that there are over
17.9 million people who made visit to the country.
1.2 Statistical analysis to determine the tourism destination trends
In the realm of hyper competition in the tourism industry, it has become necessary to
predict the current and future trends and issues which can affect its operations. With the rise
in the spending power of people and improved lifestyle has significantly accelerated the
development and growth rate of tourism sector (Boniface, Cooper and Cooper, 2016). It has
been found from research analysis that tourism industry is continuously improve the

economical conditions of various countries which have many tourist destinations. However,
there are many issues and challenges faced by this industry (Graci and Dodds, 2010). Many
people have develop the interest to explore the world and acquiring opportunities to gain
tourism experience with the advent of latest technologies.
People travel for different purposes, such as for business, leisure, recreation and
research. Also, by the ease of technologies and internet sources, any body can book their
tickets and tour packages online which has provide them ease and develop keen interest to
visit different places in order to understand their culture, customs, rituals, languages,
festivals, foods and many other things (Brebbia and Pineda, 2010). The government of many
countries are also spending huge amount in the development of tourism sector and promote
their country. Moreover, they can also take initiative to avail eco-tourism, green tourism and
sustainable development for growth of tourism (Visitors Economy facts. 2010). Along with
this, this industry is also affected by political factors, countries which are not actively
participating in the development of their tourist destinations, are lacking behind and GDP rate
is also lowers down. Furthermore, the changing climatic conditions also affect this industry.
In accordance with the type of seasons, visitors travel and explore different destinations.
From the below given graph, it can be stated that the growth rate of travel and tourist industry
is expected to rise 1.56 billion by 2020. Moreover, it has also been recorded from UNWTO
World Tourism Barometer that, international tourist arrival has been continuously increasing
by 4.4% in 2015 by increasing demand of customers in the realm of technological
advancements and evolving spending habits of travellers. In addition to this, in accordance
with the regional growth, it is expected to increase to the growth of tourism industry in Asia
and the Pacific, the Americas and Europe (International tourist arrivals up 4% reach a
record 1.2 billion in 2015).

The above graph also indicates that with the rise in the growth of the tourism sector,
the economy of nations also increases. Moreover, many countries are making significant
efforts in the development of this industry, in order to attain profitability ans sustainability.
Thus, is it necessary to forecast the present and future trends of tourism, so that effective
developments can be made (Crysta, 201). Furthermore, it is also necessary to determine the
world travel trends, which comprises of inbound and outbound trips. From the below given
data table, it can be predicted that outbound trips has been increased by 4.5% in 2015.
Outbound nights are also increased by 3% along with the rise in outbound spending per night
by 4%. Moreover, in the present scenario, emerging inbound tourist destinations, such as
Asia, Eastern Europe and South America are also making their significant contribution in the
development of tourism industry due to which competition has become so tough.
Illustration 1: International Tourism growth
Source: Carlsen, 2011

Illustration 2: World Travel Trend
Source: Damonte, 2013
The below table shows the growth rate of top five tourist destinations of the globe. It
can be depicted that Greece is experiencing downfall in the travel and tourism industry,
which has lower down its growth rate because of less participation of government. Apart
from the Greece, other countries have high growth rate, because their government is being
very supportive (Anderson, 2011).
Destinations Expected growth in 2018
France 8.00%
UK 6.00%
Greece 2.00%
Turkey 8.00%
Italy 6.00%
TASK 2
2.1 Analysis of cultural, physical and social features of tourist destinations
Looking over the scenario, there are many factors which are directly influencing the
growth of tourism in many countries (Dodds and Graci, 2012). Many contemporary issues are
there, which are affecting the overall enhancement and development of economy of different
nations. Tourism sector provides many employment opportunities to local people and others

who have come from overseas. According to the present scenario, TUI Group is aimed to
undertake the overview of various factors, such as cultural, social and physical which can
affect the operational functions of tourism. Here, two destinations has been selected, in order
to seek for better business opportunities, this two destinations are Cuba and Brazil.
Features Cuba Brazil
Cultural Tourists also get attracted
for Cuba's cultural tourism,
which includes, food, music
Museums, churches,
monument, festivals and
drinks. It is also popular for
Cathedral Square church
(Graci and Dodds, 2010).
The cultural tourism of
Brazil highly attracts many
people, as it has various
monuments, catholic
churches, capoeira,
architectures, forts, parks,
landscapes and museums
which grab the attention of
many people.
Social Thee are many Resources
e.g. Museums, monument,
festivals, food, drink, music,
churches (Graci and Dodds,
2010). It has been reported
that, number of tourist
arrival in a year is 3 million
in Cuba.
It is also popularly known
for its fashion trend, green
recreation areas, Olympic
ceremonies, rainforest,
parks, waterfalls, hiking, art
and culture. In addition to
this, the number of
international visitors in
Brazil is 5.17 million.
Physical Cuba is famous for its many
physical attractions like,
monument, food, Museums,
festivals,, drink, music,
churches and other places.
Brazil is popular for natural
beauty, combination of
leisure and eco-tourism,
adventure tourism, historic
places, beaches, Amazon
Rainforest and many more
attractions.

Thus, from the table it can be inferred that, tourism in both countries is continuously
growing and becoming key factor to the economy. Brazil offers international as well as
domestic tourism, whether, Cuba is seeking to increase its boundaries. Thus, there are various
factors which can effectively influence the tourism sector a country.
2.2 Comparison of characteristics of developing and developed tourist destinations
Enclosed in PPT
TASK 3
3.1 Appeal of current leading tourist destinations and developing tourist destinations
In accordance with the current scenario, there is great difference in the tourism
industry of developing and developed nations (Holloway and Humphreys, 2016). The
government and travel agencies of developing nations spend huge amount in the tourism
industry, whether the government of developing nation do not sped such big amount. There
are also more differences between those two countries, by taking the example of Germany
and North Korea it can be clearly understood:
Germany North Korea
Characteristics It has been researches that,
tourism in Germany is
famous for many reasons,
such as, cleanliness,
security, good hotels and
restaurants, shopping,
modernity, different
cuisines, hospitality services
and exotic night life which
attract millions of tourists
(Kassean and Gassita,
2013). Germany is popular
for health tourism, as there
are many spa towns are
established there, offering
great convalescence and
other spa treatment, which is
North Korea can not be
considered as relaxing
tourist destination, instead it
can be considered as
fascinating tourist
destination, which is popular
for its religion, landscapes,
natural beauty, water parks
and historical culture. It is
also famous for Basketball
game. In North Korea, there
are many restricted places
which are not allowed to
visit its various tourist
destinations, like South
Koreans and journalists.

likely preferred by high
income group of people.
Appeal Germany has many tourist
attractions, they can take
part in trade fairs, sport
events, contemporary art
exhibitions, music festivals,
film festivals, fireworks
show, wine festivals. There
is also great scope for skiing
mountain, hiking and other
activities (Mason, 2015).
Moreover, it also has
antiques and art collections,
landmark buildings,
museums and other iconic
places which grab the
attention of tourists.,
North Korea is famous for
its beautiful interior décor,
monuments, water parks,
architectures, amusement
parks, mountains, lakes,
history and culture. In this
country, tourist get their
value for money. It is also
famous for Buddhism
religion, many researchers
visit North Korea for the
purpose of research of this
religion and community.
International tourist per
year
There are over 30.4 million
international tourist who
visited the Germany. Most
of the visitors arrived from
Netherlands, Switzerland,
United Kingdom and United
States.
It has been estimated that,
over 11 million tourists visit
the country every year.
Majority of tourists are from
the countries like, Russia,
China and South Asia
Economic Growth Germany is more wealthier
than North Korea. The GDP
rate of Germany is
increasing by EUR43.4
million with the contribution
of international and
domestic tourism.
There are many attractive
locations in the North
Korea, which has been
increasing its economic
growth with swift pace.
However, tour operators of
this country is not able to
attract more number of

tourists, because of the
negative impression of its
tourist destinations.
Political conditions The political conditions of
Germany is stable, which
results into the higher
growth rate of tourism sector
(Reza Jalilvand and Samiei,
2012). The government and
local communities of the
country also provide their
support in the enhancement
and promotion of this
industry, so that more
number of tourists can get
attracted.
Tourism industry in North
Korea is under the control of
its government, which is
why it is less visited by
tourist. Moreover, there is
also very restrictions and
warnings which limit the
interest of people, such as
interaction with localities
and photography is highly
under controlled and
prohibited.
Product Development The government of
Germany spend huge funds
for enhancement and
development of tourism
industry (Ashworth and
Page, 2011). As, there are
less restrictions and
warnings imposed on
foreigners. Moreover, the
tourism agencies and tour
operators also provide their
adequate support in the
development of new tourism
products and services.
The North Korean
government do not spend
surplus amount in the
development of tourism
industry, as it is under their
control so they restrict and
limit the growth of this
industry. Further, it also
restrict the development of
new tourism products and
services, which lower down
the interest of tourists.
Freedom In Germany, restrictions are
less as compared to the
North Korea. The tourism
In North Korea, independent
travelling is not allowed, as
tourism activities are under

agencies and operators
provide freedom to tourists
to take photographs, roam
every where they want and
also provide many facilities.
Being developed nation, it
avail all freedom to their
travellers (Michael, 2014).
the control of government.
Their every movement is
being tracked, they are also
not allowed to take the
guidance from any tourist
guide
3.2 Characterises of tourist destinations which affect its appeal
Each tourist destination has its own characterises and benefits which attract millions
of tourist every year. Characteristics of a developing country, Cuba is given below: Cuba is most popular tourism destination for the existence of Caribbean sea. It has
many beaches and other natural attractions which grab the attention of many people.
Many people come from different countries to explore its unseen places and great
Spanish colonial art (Rodríguez-Molina, Frías-Jamilena and Castañeda-García, 2015).
It also give rise to many classical dance styles, such as Bolero, Mambo and Cha Cha. Geographic locations of the nation: It is one of the foremost factor which is highly
influencing the mind-set of people to travel this country. Cuba is situated at the east
side of Gulf of Mexico and west side of Atlantic ocean. It has the temperature of 25
degree which is very cool, so majority of tourist travel Cuba for the purpose of
recreation and leisure. Unique Experience: The diversified culture, heritage, customs, rituals and festivals of
Cuba highly influence the tourist the visit this country and make them curious to
explore various unseen places of the nation (Travel and Tourism Economic Impact
CUBA. 2015). Food: There are variety of foods available in the Cuba, including Chicharrones,
Cuban sandwich and fried pork skins and many more which is preferred by tourists. Support of citizens of Cuba: Local communities and societies are making significant
contribution in the development of tourism industry. Moreover, they are also
influenced and ready to support make changes and improvements in the tourism

destinations(Sartori, Mottironi and Corigliano, 2012). In addition to this, in the advent
technologies people find it easy to access the tour packages of Cuba and its cities.
 Improved facilities: The government of Cuba is making effective steps to improve
tourism facilities and services. There is availability of transportation facilities, water
and electricity and infrastructure maintenance.
TASK 4
4.1 Issues that affect the popularity of tourist destinations
TUI groups has maintain positive relationships with the societies, environment and
the communities where they work. The brand of U.K. need to promote tourism in very
effective manner (Stalidis and Karapistolis, 2014). It not easy to promote a particular
destination for tourist. There are many types of obstacles or problems can affect the growth of
a place for tourism. Issues affecting the popularity of destination are as follow:
Heavy investment:
Investment for repairing the destination high amount is needed by government. If
heavy amount is paid for investment then it encourage people to visit there more. It will not
affect the image of destination but encourage them to come again (Swarbrooke and Page,
2012). Tour agency should try to provide luxury facilities for the customers to satisfy them
for their packages. Moreover, if government of different countries make their contribution in
the development of tourism sector then the economic conditions will be improved.
Natural calamities:
Natural calamities like earthquake, landslides, floods etc. effect the tourism sector
because it destroys all the places. When these destinations get affected by natural disasters
then people don't like to travel to those places (GLOBAL PROBLEMS, GLOBAL
SOLUTIONS:.2009). Recently earthquake near southern California created great impact on
the tourism businesses in U.S.A. After this calamity, the place witnessed a decrease in the
number of visitors. So, many countries should make effective steps to prevent destructions
from these calamities.
Terrorism:
TUI group of tourism should try to solve the problems related to tourism
development. Growing Terrorist activities have create fear in customers mind in last few
years. It has been a biggest threat for whole travel and tourism sector. For example last 9/11

attacks in USA affected the tourism industry, not only USA but other countries like London,
Pakistan, France etc. we’re suffering from terrorist fear. This all terrorist attack restricts the
traveller to travel all over the world. So, travellers feel risky while travelling to such places,
they would rather opt another tourist destination if such kind of terror they feel.
Lack of responsibilities:
When the destination are not promoted well then people will not know about such
places. It is a responsibility of local authorities to promote their near places for developing a
tourism sector in their states (Wilks, Stephen and Moore, eds., 2013). Resources given for the
development should be used carefully and properly. Proper care of places in rainy season is
necessary so that people don't get frustrated. Tourism companies should advertise their
holiday package, so that people come know about their popularity. Thus, all tourism
organisation should fulfil all their responsibilities and roles, in order to sustain tourism
businesses.
Environment:
Polluted environment of famous destination is a great issue for the tour firms. Mainly
people like to visit on greenery places and this thing attract the customer. However pollution
and lack of resources can badly affect the environment and can also affect the popularity of
destination. People like to visit on destination where surrounding environment is neat and
clean. TUI need to make proper plans for this type of destination where people are interested
in visiting. In order to make tourist vacation memorable for them, so they like to go there
again with their travel agency. So, it is very necessary to maintain the environment and its
components, so that the provision for tourism industry can be retained.
4.2 Potential for responsible tourism to enhance host communities
Responsibility of every tourism firm is to encourage people, society and firms to keep
environment fresh and maintain. It can promote the destination at the worldwide level so that
different country can know about their popular destination. For keeping places in good
condition, it is not only the responsibility of government or society but also of the tour
operators. TUI is expanding its business in different countries like Mexico, Egypt, Thailand
and Turkey whereby it render best services and make best effort to control environment
issues in travel and tourism. Tourism businesses should provide best facilities like food,
luxury facility in hotel, and entertainment activities etc. to the customers. Travellers should
get the sense of satisfaction by facilitating all leisure services. The clean and happening

environment resources should be available in a huge quantity. It is necessary for agency to
give full knowledge about the places where they visiting. Correct information must be shared
with tourists so that they could not feel misguide. Things such as fraud and misguidance
should be avoided at the time of travelling. Different strategy can be used to promotion of
tourist destinations, such as campaigns programs, distributing pamphlets, for popularity and
grab the attention of people.
People should know their responsibilities toward the environment and joint efforts are
needed from government and organization. If industry put their effort toward the cleanness
others get inspired. Resource should be properly utilized in appropriate manner. The
environment is comprised of economic social and cultural factors. Human activities has an
effects on natural surroundings as they need to take proper care of their nearer area. Natural
environment is made up of plants hence their proper care is necessary (Travel and Tourism
Economic Impact CUBA. 2015). International travel preserve those people who have time and
money to afford long distance travel. There are different channels available for the promotion
of their tour company. Through this they will gain huge amount of popularity which helps in
increasing their sales. Customer satisfaction is necessary and all luxury services need to
provide them with reasonable prices. Short term and long term forecasting helps in analysing
the demand of customers. It is necessary to realize that what are their duty and responsibility
toward tourism places. The authorities and government must ensure that tourist do not face
any kind of problems in the host country.
CONCLUSION
Travel and tourism industry is contributing major portion in the growth and
development of economy of a nation. From the above report, it can be stated that there are
many environmental factors which is affecting the tour operations, such as cultural,
economical and political. Further, with the assistance of statistical data and information the
future and present trends of tourism industry also been discussed in this unit. In addition to
this, growth rate of tourism in the top five countries has also been examined along with their
statistical data. Apart form that, it can be concluded that there is great scope travel and
tourism industry in different nations, which will increase the growth rate of the country in an
effective manner.

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