(PDF) Classical Twin Studies and Beyond
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Added on 2021-04-16
(PDF) Classical Twin Studies and Beyond
Added on 2021-04-16
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Running head: TWIN STUDIESTwin StudiesName of the studentUniversity nameAuthor’s note
1TWIN STUDIESTable of ContentsIntroduction......................................................................................................................................1Benefits of twin studies...................................................................................................................1Ethical dilemmas related to twin studies.........................................................................................3Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................4References........................................................................................................................................5
2TWIN STUDIESIntroduction The basic reason for twin studies is that it helps to know whether environment interactwith the genes and give rise to variation. Therefore, the following essay involves the evaluationof benefits and dilemmas associated with twin studies for causes of variation. Benefits of twin studies Twin studies enable to make investigations into the environmental and genetic causes ofvariation in context to multi-factorial diseases. The monozygotic twins (identical twins) (MZ)have exactly same, identical genes. However, as they grow, there are striking developments ofsubtle differences between the twins despite of the fact that they share same genes.Although, MZ are similar, there is caveat to investigation of twin studies as epigeneticphenomenon and dynamic transcriptional alternations that leads to changes in the geneexpression that is observed in MZ and dizygotic (DZ) twins. To understand the aetiology ofillness, twin studies are beneficial that put special emphasis on genetic and environmental factorsunderpinning variations in susceptibility to various diseases. A study conducted by Naukkarinenet al. (2012) highlighted the fact that obesity is not only influenced by lifestyle factors, but alsodue to genetic predispositions. This unique experiment revealed that MZ twins that arediscordant for obesity are as ‘clonal controls’ of non-obese and obese individuals that hasenabled the characterization of possible antecedents of acquired obesity. The study also pointedto the predisposing candidate genes that are novel to obesity. A number of studies wereconducted in order to measure twin correlation. Form the different heritability studies conductedit was found that the monozygotic correlation was twice the dizygotic (Poduri et al. 2014). Ascommented by Kandleret al. (2015), the resemblance between parents and offspring are mainly
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