Management Approaches for Type 2 Diabetes: A Case Study of Bill McDonald

TYPE 2 DIABETES 1
Type 2 Diabetes
Name
Institution

TYPE 2 DIABETES 2
Type 2 Diabetes
Introduction
Type 2 diabetes can be described as a progressive condition that forces the body to
develop a form of resistance to the normal effects of insulin. As a result, the pancreas may lose
the capacity to produce sufficient insulin (Chatterjee, Khunti & Davies, 2017). This condition is
more common among adults above the age of 45 and represents around 85% - 90% of all cases
of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is said to run in a family such that if your family member suffers
from it then you have a genetic disposition for this condition. It can also result from other
variable lifestyle risk factors (Chatterjee et al., 2017). We are presented with a scenario where
Bill McDonald is diagnosed with diabetes. In this essay, we will analyze the potential
management approaches for Mr. McDonald. Additionally, we will develop an education plan for
Bill.
Management Approaches for Mr. McDonald
The aim of caring for type 2 diabetic patients is to get rid of the symptoms and prevent or
reduce any potential complications that may arise from this condition. Best control of glucose
and the potential cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, and obesity among
others is crucial for the management of type 2diabetes (Kahn, Cooper & Del Prato, 2014). This
management should be designed in such a way to suit the needs of a particular patient. Below are
some of the approaches management of type 2 diabetes.
Patient Education

TYPE 2 DIABETES 3
Mr. McDonald should have an access to a structured patient education at the time of
diagnosis and then on subsequent assessments. Patient education improves an individual’s
perspective regarding their condition. During this program, it is important to advise the patient
on dietary issues while giving consideration to conditions like hypertension and obesity (Ley,
Hamdy, Mohan & Hu, 2014). From the provided case, we are informed that Bill has been
smoking since he was 35. This education program can, therefore, be used to advise him to cease
smoking.
Dietary Advice
Mr. McDonald should be encouraged to take practice a diet that is rich in high-fiber
carbohydrates like vegetables and fruits. Additionally, he can be advised to include dairy
products that are low in fats while at the same time limiting the intake of food rich in saturated
fats (Ajala, English & Pinkney, 2013). He could also be advised to substitute foods containing
sucrose for other carbohydrates in his meal plans.
Glucose Control
His level of HbA1c should be measured at intervals of three to six months until the level
of HbA1c becomes stable. After stability has been gained the measurement should be taken at an
interval of six months. The aim of this measurement should be to ensure that the level of HbA1c
is around 6.5% instead of the 7.2% that he is currently on (Powers et al., 2015). Once the target
level has been attained, Mr. McDonald should be advised to maintain HbA1c at that level.
Drug Treatment