Diabetes Type 2: Mechanism, Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

This presentation provides an overview of Diabetes Type 2, including its mechanism, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It emphasizes the importance of lifestyle changes and proper management of the disease. The presentation also includes references and online resources for further information.

Diabetes Type 2

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
Mechanism
Signs and symptoms
Diagnosis and treatment
Treatment
References
2

INTRODUCTION
Diabetes is a type of chronic disease. As it can make
an individual weak and fragile. As per recent studies
estimated data represent that there are 85-90 percent
of people who suffers with this chronic disease. As it
is responsible for secretion of insulin hormone in a
blood, glucose is then absorbed with in blood streams
through lining to main organ small intestine.
According to studies, glucose absorbed into the blood
stream, insulin causes each cells whole body to absorb
each component of sugar and process it in a energy in
the form of ATP, insulin helps to balance blood
glucose level in a body(Trikkalinou,
Papazafiropoulou and Melidonis, 2017) .
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Mechanism
As per studies it has been stated that diabetes is progressive condition, body organ tend to
become unavailable to produce a great amount of hormone insulin, due to unhealthy diet
routines, genetic, due to family history it can detected. The leaf like structure is directly
responsible for balance of blood sugar level in a body. Type 2 diabetes also occur genetic as
well as family risk factors. There major elements which can be considered as factors in these
type of chronic disease.
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Signs and symptoms
Diabetes is common on global bases. In some case4s it can display no symptoms but in some
cases as it can able represent number of symptoms and its time of maturity it can impact
numerous signs and symptoms that are excessive thirst, secretion of more urine than usual,
feeling tired and lethargic, being hungry, healing power of a body become slow, itching and
skin infection, problems in vision, the body weight gradually get increased, number of mood
swings, headache, dizziness, cramps in legs usually.
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Diagnosis and treatment
The Diagnosis and treatment are performed in a such a pattern through health professionals.
Type 2 diabetes usually diagnosed by the help of gyrated haemoglobin (A1C). As the blood test
indicates average blood sugar level of an individuals body for the past two three months or four
months highly depend on the frequency reagents which are used to accomplish the test. As the
blood test can be interpreted as below 5 percent -5.7 percent is normal. Prediabetes criteria can
be stated as for patients who debits their blood sugar level as 5.7 percent to 6.4 percent.
Including patients those have blood sugar 6.5 percent or more than are on two separate test
indicates diabetes.
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Treatment
As the management and balance of these complex disease is generally depend on lifestyle and the
food which have to be taken. Due to this lifestyle, number of people mainly compromise 2ith their
it or prefer not to eat healthy substituting it by junk food. Consumption of junk have enough
potential to affect the calories of a body. The major treatment of these complex disease can be
suggested by eliminating the sugary element from the daily diets. The dealiy exposure of physical
activities is mandatory to control and prevent the disease. Excersise can make a heart healthy and
can control blood sugar level (Neeland, Salahuddin and McGuire,2016)
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Discipline perspective
• lifestyle counselling is pivotal aspect in the care of diabetes
• it is individual responsibility to be discipline in taking of precautions which contribute
prevention of diabetes type 2. due to diabetes type 2 lifestyle of an individual termed to be
changed where essential favourite edible food has to be eliminated through daily diet. In
which a patient should follow each regulation as per the guidance.
• As the habitat of eating, smoking and physical activity should be concerned in this case. The
majority of patients of the close connection between overweight and unhealthy diet routines

Globally
As the culture which consist the integrated pattern of human behaviour such as language,
communication, customers, beliefs as well as values which may termed to be important for health and
fitness.
Cultural social and family may term to influence play an vital role in structuring and shaping
individual's attitude as well as their beliefs. Moreover, patients culture may determine how they term
health recognizing illness and seek treatment.
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ACTION POTENTIAL
PROPAGATION OF HEALTHY
NERVES
There are pathophysiology of MS that may involve number of components such as redox,
inflammatory, vascular as well as neurodegenerative.
As the management can occur the exact mechanisms of initiation its development and
progression are termed to be more elusive.
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Cultural/ethnic factors relate to progress
diabetes
In this context the chronic nature of the diabetes is underscore and important for the self management education
which is used to promote the behavior which is necessary and they are need to optimize and enhance the
quality of life. Diabetes educator usually identify the most effective approach in order to patient education
and also for the individual which required proper need and how it is effective for the person which is filled
with diabetes.

Treatment pathophysiology of type 2
diabetes mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is heterogeneous in nature and can create disorder which is prevalence among the
different ethnic group. The pathophysiology of this type of disorder is characterized by the peripheral insulin
resistance and this can cause hepatic glucose production. The declining of the beta-cell is function is
examined and sometime the failure of leading to beta-cell failure.

Pathophysiology of diabetes
The term insulin dependent diabetes is a kind of diabetes which is result in the autoimmune destruction of the
beta-cell which is raise in the pancreases.
There is various marker of the autoimmune disorder which is detectable in body fluid and tissue are:
• Islet of cell autoantibodies
• Autoantibodies to insulins
• Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase
• Autoantibodies to the tyrosine phosphate which is IA-2 and IA-2 beta.

DIFFERENT TO THE
FUNCTIONS OF NERVES
INVOLVED IN MULTIPLE
SCLEROSIS
The associated symptoms of MS are changes in sensation, visual problems, depression,
difficulties in coordination and speech, serve fatigue etc. it can consider to be multiple scars on
the myelin sheaths.
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References
Brunton, S., 2016. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: the evolution of our understanding. J Fam
Pract, 65(4 Suppl), p.supp_az_0416.
Edelman, S.V. and Polonsky, W.H., 2017. Type 2 diabetes in the real world: the elusive nature of
glycemic control. Diabetes care, 40(11), pp.1425-1432.
Hajek, T., McIntyre, R. and Alda, M., 2016. Bipolar disorders, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the
brain. Current opinion in psychiatry, 29(1), pp.1-6.
Hanipah, Z.N. and Schauer, P.R., 2017. Surgical treatment of obesity and diabetes.
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics, 27(2), pp.191-211.
Neeland, I.J., Salahuddin, U. and McGuire, D.K., 2016. A safety evaluation of empagliflozin for
the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Expert opinion on drug safety, 15(3), pp.393-402.
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ONLINE
• Everything You Need to Know About Diabetes [online] Available through
https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes
• Multiple sclerosis [online] Available through https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/multiple_sclerosis.htm