Understanding Type II Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management

This nursing assignment discusses the symptoms, diagnosis, and management of Type II Diabetes. It covers topics such as HBA1C, abnormal results, and referrals. The assignment also provides insights into the pathophysiology of Type II Diabetes and the factors that contribute to its development.

Running head: NURSING ASSIGNMENT
NURSING ASSIGNMENT
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

Response 1:
The case study states that Alvin presents symptoms of polyphagia, polyuria,
polydipsia and unexplained weight loss. The client Alvin has confirmed to feel tired and
exhausted frequently and has also reported to get up twice or thrice at night to urinate. The
client has also reported to feel excessively thirsty and his wounds take longer time to heal.
Hence, from the information gathered it can be said that client is affected with Diabetes
Type-II. Research studies have reported the major symptoms of Type-II Diabetes to be
polyuria or frequent urination, excessive thirst or polydipsia and unexplained weight loss.
Therefore, according to my understanding Alvin is suffering from Type II Diabetes.
Response 2:
HBA1C can been defined as the type of Haemoglobin (A1) that is responsible for
carrying the oxygen that is bound to Glucose (American Diabetes Association, 2015). The
HBA1C test is regularly performed in Diabetic patients so as to constantly deduce a clear
picture about the Glucose level in the blood of patients affected with Type-II Diabetes as well
as Type-II Diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2015). The glucose manufactured by
the body sticks to the red blood cells and impedes with the normal functioning of the body.
Further, accumulation of the glucose in the blood leads to the rupture of the delicate blood
vessels. Higher HBA1C level often interferes with the normal physiological functioning of the
eyes and feet.
Response 3:
The assessments reveal abnormal results strikingly different from the normal level
(Hemmingsen, et al., 2013);

HbA1C level is recorded to be 16.4% which should be less than 6.5%
Total Cholesterol level is recorded to be 243 mg/dL which should be > 200mg/dL
HDL is recorded to be 20mg/dL which should be 60mg/dL and
Triglycerides have been recorded to be 416mg/dL which should be 150mg/dL
Response 4:
Type –II Diabetes is a condition that occurs when the body cells are unable to utilise
the insulin produced by the pancreatic-beta cells (Kohan et al., 2014). The insulin formed
inside the body is not utilised to regulate glucose due to a condition known as the insulin-
resistance. A number of factors such as obesity, genetic trait, metabolic syndrome, poor cell
to cell communication and disintegrated beta-cells leads to T-II DM
Response 5:
It has been characteristically mentioned in the case study that the appetite remained
normal yet the client was losing weight at a great pace. Also, the slower healing of the wound
can be attributed to one of the significant symptoms of TIIDM. Also, the condition of
polyuria, polyphagia and polydipsia can be linked to TIIDM (Carrera Boada et al., 2015).
Response 6:
Two professionals that he would be referred to includes a registered nurse who would
stringently monitor his glucose level and explain his medication regimen. Apart from that, a
dietician would be recommended who would help him with the dietary intake.

Response 7:
Alvin must be educated about the procedure in which the insulin should be taken in
the absence of a health care professional. Further, he must be educated about T-IIDM so that
he can maintain his BGL and consume a healthy diet in the absence of a dietician and he must
be educated about wound-management so that he can dress his wounds effectively.

References:
American Diabetes Association. (2015). Standards of medical care in diabetes—2015
abridged for primary care providers. Clinical diabetes: a publication of the American
Diabetes Association, 33(2), 97.
Carrera Boada, C. A., & Martínez-Moreno, J. M. (2013). Pathophysiology of diabetes
mellitus type 2: beyond the duo “insulin resistance-secretion deficit”. Nutricion
hospitalaria, 28(2).
Hemmingsen, B., Lund, S. S., Gluud, C., Vaag, A., Almdal, T. P., & Wetterslev, J. (2013).
Targeting intensive glycaemic control versus targeting conventional glycaemic
control for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (11).
Kohan, D. E., Fioretto, P., Tang, W., & List, J. F. (2014). Long-term study of patients with
type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment shows that dapagliflozin reduces
weight and blood pressure but does not improve glycemic control. Kidney
international, 85(4), 962-971.