Renewable Energy: A Sustainable Solution

The assignment discusses the application of renewable energy, specifically focusing on wave power, tidal barrages, and thermal power. It highlights the characteristics of renewable energy, such as its reliability, environment-friendliness, and renewability. The advantages of renewable energy include reducing dependence on fossil fuels, mitigating air pollution, and promoting people's health. However, it also mentions the disadvantages, including low efficiency, limited electricity generation capacity, and high capital requirements.

Table of Contents
Introduction........................................................2
Types of renewable energy................................2
Wind energy.......................................................2
Solar energy.......................................................3
Geothermal energy.............................................3
Hydrogen and hydroelectric energy...................4
Biomass energy..................................................5
Ocean energy.....................................................5
Characteristics of renewable energy..................6
Advantages of renewable energy.......................6
Disadvantages of renewable energy..................7
References..........................................................8
Conclusion.........................................................9

Introduction:
Physical process carried out by nature or human being is due to flow of energy
from one form to another form. Any country economical condition also dependant
on energy. The renewable energy plays one of major role. Examples of renewable
energies are solar energy, wind energy, thermal energy etc. Renewable energy is
defined as natural process to use energy. Renewable Energy is competitive energy,
it’s a clean energy. This energy is never end. It is calculated that world’s energy
the produces 10% to 20% is renewable energy. Renewable energy has a wide
application diversity i.e. it can be used everywhere in world. Renewable energy is
environment friendly and it will not pollute earth or change the climate.
Applications of renewable energies are direct or used and converted into other
form of energy. Direct use of renewable energy includes water, wind mill, solar
ovens. Indirect uses are turbine, photovoltaic cells. Renewable energy is mainly
depending on nature.
Types of renewable energy:
Wind energy:
The atmosphere of earth is depending on earth’s temperature hit by sunlight. To
generate electricity and for water pumping wind energy is used, it requires full
areal space to produce amount of energy. Turbine system is used to monitor wind
and generate electrical power. This system converts kinetic energy into mechanical
energy. Wind energy is highly valuable energy in electricity generation. Also on
smaller scale wind mills are using for pumping water. The power produced by
wind is as supplement power provider for any organization. It is best idea for
businesses to cut down electricity for industries. Difference from other forms of
renewable energy, wind power is reliable and constant, as wind is steady from year
to year. In beginning set up for wind energy system was costly but now it is
economical to use any organization. In research and development wind power is
focal point for considering as renewable energy source. Wind turbines are
environment friendly for power generation. Wind energy conversation systems are

now reliable system for power generation system. Wind energy conversation
systems are its own parameters for operation like power consumption, efficiency,
control complexity, topology and cost. For wind energy conversation system
requires suitable space and it includes rotor attached to blade. The wind energy
conversation system includes wind turbines, wind pumps, wind mills.
Solar energy:
As long as sun shines and it can be able to use sunlight in the form of heat and
light. Solar energy is produced by nuclear fusion power that emits from sunlight.
Here conversion of sunlight to electrical energy done. Domestic to complex
application of solar energy includes solar water hearting with solar collectors. The
two technologies here are solar photovoltaic and solar thermal. Using light from
sun is solar photovoltaic and using sun’s heat is solar thermal. Sun plays major role
in producing different types of energy such as illumination, light into heat, cooling,
and electricity. The water is heated by circulating water into flat plate solar
collectors. The heat produced by sun can be captured by mirror covered plates that
are focused to boil water in a conventional steam generator to produce electrical
power. Industrial and commercial buildings can utilize the suns power for larger
requirements such as heating, cooling and ventilation. Finally, good designs can
passively take advantage of the sun as a source of heating, cooling and light. Solar
energy found various businesses including installing commercial solar power
system and become owner of solar power provider. Make installation designs for
shape that take advantage of the sun’s natural attributes for heating and lighting.
Construct a retrofit program building to begin a solar hot water and cooling.
Geothermal energy:
Geothermal as name indicates, is produced from heat of earth itself. Geothermal
power plants use this heat to produce electricity. Geothermal refers to increase in
earth’s temperature with depth and is high enough to generate electricity. It has
restricted to some locations as because it has many technical problems. A result of
heat storage in earth is converted into geothermal renewable energy. The
temperature of soil stay at every space of earth is constant and it can be used for

building to pump heat in winter days and cooling in summer days. It cannot
produce electrical power but it needs some other types of energy to control
temperature of building. This geothermal application involves measuring water
temperature. Monitoring system for geothermal energy includes monitoring
systems at notice defines the flow of earth water and the hydraulic effects on
the equipped area and helping to set a site’s suitability for geothermal tasks.
Temperature monitoring systems provide data on temperature variations in well
housings. Monitoring system can tracks time and temperature data, water levels,
water contents providing valuable decision making. There should be key
components that assist to develop renewable resources. New community will be
actively built to facilitate the use of measurement and control systems in
geothermal energy area. Organizations uses geothermal power like helping to grow
green house manage, heating at fish farms, it finds main role in industrial
processes.
Hydrogen and hydroelectric energy:
This energy is utilized in two sectors for application is for vehicle and for battery
manufacturing for generate electrical power. The important sustains of
hydroelectric energy is hydrogen. The hydrogen is burned and converted into fuel
and it is used in vehicle. The advantage of using its application in vehicle is it less
polluted the cities. Other way of using hydrogen as fuel and used to manufacture
fuel cells that generates electric power. Hydrogen is the simple sub stains and
consists of one proton and one electron. Most important element in the world and it
does not available naturally on earth. Instead, it is found in organic compounds
hydrocarbons such as gasoline, natural gas, methanol and propane and water
(H2O). Hydrogen can also be produced under certain conditions by using sunlight
as an energy source. Hydrogen is high in energy, no pollution when it is burned.
Liquid hydrogen has been used to up the space shuttles and rockets into orbit.
Hydrogen fuel cells convert the potential chemical energy of hydrogen into
electricity. Organizations are using this hydroelectric energy. Hydroelectric energy
used in the industry to filter petroleum, use metals, and prepare fertilizer and
manufacture foods. There are presently thousands of powered vehicles operating,

a phase that could increase as the price of fuel cell production reduces and the
number of refueling stations increases.
Biomass energy:
Biomass is energy produced by plants. It is most commonly used renewable energy
in world. The popular method in biomass is burning of trees for cooking and
warmth. This method releases carbon dioxide in atmosphere which is hazardous to
living beings. Biomass renewable energy produced from biomass to produce heat
and electrical power or to create fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel used for
transportation. Biomass is any organic sub stains coming from recently living
plants or animals. If bio energy produces carbon dioxide, the plants grown as
biomass remove an equal amount of carbon dioxide from the environment
maintaining the environmental impact constant. There are a several methods
applies to generate electricity ranging from directly burning biomass to and using
methane gas produced organic material. Depending on application, there are many
methods to incorporate bio energy into sustainable energy plans. Organizations can
convert to fleet vehicles that use bio fuels such as ethanol or biodiesel.
Manufacturing facilitates with equipment to burn biomass and to produce steam
captured by a turbine to generate electricity. This process can have a dual purpose
that are powering and heating it. For example, paper mills can use wood waste to
produce electricity and for heating.
Ocean energy:
Two types of energy that can be produced by the ocean one is thermal energy and
another is mechanical energy. Ocean thermal energy can be converted into
electricity using different methods that depend on warm surface water
temperatures. Ocean mechanical energy harnesses that absorbs and flows of tides
caused by the ocean and the gravitational influence from moon. Energy from wind-
driven waves can also be converted and used to suppress business electricity costs.
There are also fewer technologies that lends ocean currents, ocean winds are
sources of power conversion. Organization uses it in way that ocean energy is a
rising field for alternative energy production, its future shows promising.

Commercial and public applications for this energy resource are limited. The
oceans have vast and great potential that application in three main categories: wave
power, tidal barrages, and thermal power. Wave power uses mechanical devices
that up and down to acquire the kinetic energy from moving waves and convert it
into electricity. Tidal barrages are small dams built near sea. As tides move back
and forth, they push huge amounts of water in and out at least twice a day. A block
with turbines built into it can acquire the energy of tidal water.
Characteristics of renewable energy:
 Energy content of the waste can be renewable.
 Renewable energy forms into secondary energy and final energy.
 All naturally available energies are renewable energies.
 The energy produced by sun is responsible for formation of other type of
energy.
 Final useful energy is produced by renewable energy and it’s depends on
energy produced by sun, gravitation of planets, movement of planets and
thermal condition of earth.
Advantages of renewable energy:
1. Renewable energy is reliable
Few years ago, the application of fossil fuel has incremented. This over-reliance on
fossil fuels has led to security issues. Fossils fuels are encourage to trade breaks,
political imbalance, and variation in energy prices. These variables affect a lot
more than a nation’s energy growth; they can damage a county’s economy.
2. Renewable energy is environment friendly
Renewable energy is a best source of energy; it has no carbon and greenhouse
emission. Fossil fuels produce higher amount of carbon dioxide, which cause
global warming, climate change, and changes in air quality. Wind and solar power

is environment friendly because they emit zero toxic gases to the environment. The
use of renewable energy drastically reduces the dependence on fossil fuel as a
source of energy and preventing air pollution.
3. Renewable energy is renewable source
Oil, gas, and coal are sources of energy and that are limited, possibility is that their
life can run out in future. The source can be reproduced as renewable energy. The
atmosphere, air, heat produced from earth, sun light have never end and so on
renewable energy is renewable resource. This confirms that they do not run out
over a lifetime and there is zero possibility that they will demolish.
4. Save people health
Consider if governments starts upon themselves to produce more renewable energy
facilities, the people would enjoy the good health features. According to a study by
the Indian Environmental Agency, Indians spend approximately one billion every
year on overall health of the people. This cause to mitigate and cure diseases
related to fossils fuel use like heart diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders.
Carbon dioxide and sulfur emitted by fossils fuels are dangerous to health if not
prevented over time. This is reason adopt and use renewable energy
Disadvantages of renewable energy:
5. Level of efficiency is low
Building renewable energy is new in market, it having low efficiency. Due to this
forecast problems occurs and investor may not interesting to provide fund and they
have fear of non returns of investment.
6. The capability of electricity generation is not enough large
Compared to traditional power generation method, new renewable energy
conversation system has challenges to produce electricity. It’s not possible to

power up whole world with renewable energy. For this more setups are required
for this intern to big funds that’s the issue.
7. Big capital required
Setting up renewable energy generation facilities requires a huge financial outlay.
Installation of wind turbine, solar panels, and hydroelectricity plants are relatively
expensive. These plants require upfront investments to build, have high
maintenance expenses and require careful planning and implementation. Also, the
electricity generated needs to be delivered to towns and cities, which means
additional cost of installing power lines. For renewable energy conversation setup,
a huge financial fund is required. Setup of solar panels, hydropower and turbines
costs very expensive. There is planning and maintenance cost is high. Additional
power lines required to power up city using renewable energy.
References:
 Basic Heat and Mass Transfer, Prentice-Hall.
 Principles of Environmental Physics, Edward Arnold.
 Handbook of Heat Transfer-McGraw-Hill, New York. (Chapter 2 by T.F.
Irvine is an extensive compilation of thermo physical data.)
 Handbook of Physics and Chemistry, CRC Press (annual).
 Wong, H.Y. (1977) Handbook of Essential Formulae and Data on Heat
Transfer
.

Conclusion:
In future renewable energy plays major role in world. Preserving and saving this
energy is mandatory. There must be continues research and development process
on for renewable energy. Electricity should be eco friendly to save economical
property.