UK Classifications of Laws and Sources of Law in Business Organizations

This article provides a clear definition of law within the UK context and discusses the characteristics of the two main classifications of laws in the UK. It identifies the three different legal systems in the UK and explains the hierarchy of the principal sources of laws in the English legal system. The article also discusses the impact of the respective laws on multilingual organizations and commercial entities, focusing on tort law as an example.

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Contents
Contents...........................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Question No 1 (The UK Classifications of Laws).................................................................1
1.1 Provide a clear definition of law within UK Context...................................................1
1.2 Define and discuss the characteristics of the two main classifications of laws in
UK...............................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Identify the three different Legal systems in UK..........................................................2
Question No 2 {The UK Source of law}...............................................................................2
2.1 Identify and briefly explain the hierarchy of the principal sources of laws in the
English Legal System...............................................................................................................2
2.2 Explain the characteristics of the sources of laws identified above giving
examples of each.......................................................................................................................3
2.3 Discuss the impact of the respective laws on the multilingual organisation..........4
Question No 3 (Give examples of how the UK law making process have a direct
impact on commercial organisations focusing on ONE of the below list):...................5
3.1 Explain and give the features of one of the following laws........................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
The foundational principles around that United Kingdom is governed are the common law
and corporate law regimes (Baumann-Pauly and Nolan, 2016). These rules support establishing
and evaluating the societal position of an organisation. Depending on a person's societal status
and amount of income, this regulation is classified into a number of subcategories. Public law is
an agreement between the state and a person outlining that person's obligations to the authority.
Private laws control how a person engages with companies and other groups and how that
engagement impacts their relationship. These appear to be numerous judicial strategies
accessible to aid in disassembling the legislation into its constituent parts. The legislature, who
comprises of a number of decisions, orders, laws, and regulations that are followed through the
Parliament, is the primary building block of jurisprudence. The legislature's acceptance of a
resolution establishes the procedure through which a law is drafted or put into effect. The various
types of rules, their political backgrounds, and how more restrictions impact enterprises will all
be included in this work.
Question No 1 (The UK Classifications of Laws)
1.1 Provide a clear definition of law within UK Context
The legislature is the body of rules that the United Kingdom government creates and the
judicial branch upholds. It is grounded in common law principles, which suggests that it is based
on past legal decisions or judgments.
1.2 Define and discuss the characteristics of the two main classifications of laws in UK
Private and public law
Public law is a body of laws that governs relations between different governmental entities as
well as between the government and its constituents. Covered are elements of administrative law,
basic law, and criminal procedure. Public law has the qualities listed below:
 It talks about how the public and the administration communicate. This includes not only
the duties and liabilities of the executive branch and other administrative bodies, but also
the rights and liabilities of the general public (de Bakker, Rasche and Ponte, 2019).
 It explains each person's rights and responsibilities. In other terms, public legislation
provides citizens' liberties in additional to the things the government can and cannot do.

 It covers the powers and duties of the executive branch and other administrative bodies.
The power to make laws and the duty to enforce them are both included in this.
 It gives a strategy for resolving disputes between the individuals and the state. This
includes the entitlements to a fair trial and an appellate of a decision.
Private law is the area of the law that governs relations between individuals and other lawful
entities, notably businesses. Covered are contract law, assets legislation, and tort law. The
characteristics of private law are as follows:
 It discusses relationships between individuals and other organisations. This includes both
the rights and responsibilities of both individuals and entities.
 It emphasises the rights and liabilities of both individuals and groups. In other terms,
private law determines what individuals and other organisations may and may not do.
 It outlines the procedures for settling disputes between individuals and institutions. This
includes the entitlement to a fair examination and a court-ordered appeal.
 It provides a means of carrying out the rights and duties of individuals and groups. This
includes the power to make laws as well as the duty to enforce them (Esteves, Piedade
and Pereira, 2017).
1.3 Identify the three different Legal systems in UK
There are 3 different types of legislation frameworks in the United Kingdom:
 Civil law: Scotland's principal judicial system is based on civil law. It is based on a series
of laws since Roman law serves as its foundation.
 Scottish law- The legal system in Northern Ireland is founded on the Scottish legal
system. It incorporates components of the two earlier legal structures.
 Common law: The common law system is the ultimate source of legislation in England
and Wales. It is based on precedent, which suggests that it is based on past court
decisions.
Question No 2 {The UK Source of law}
2.1 Identify and briefly explain the hierarchy of the principal sources of laws in the
English Legal System
In the British legal system, statute, court decisions, agreements, and writings of reference are
the four main sources of law (Freudenreich, Lüdeke-Freund and Schaltegger, 2020).

 Case law, often known as common law, is the body of regulations that judges create
every time they render decisions on judicial issues. Examples, or the notion that courts
should follow the decisions of earlier courts, are the foundation of equity and common
law rules.
 Conventions are rules that are generally accepted by the government and the opposition
sides in the House although they are not required by the law.
 Books of jurisdiction are non-binding documents that courts consider to have a strong
effect.
 Legislation or statutory interpretation refers to the statutes that are passed by the
Parliament. Secondary legislation are those created by administration officials working
within the scope of the power delegated to them by Parliament, whereas basic rules are
those approved by the House. However, lawmakers are prohibited from leaving the
country due to their "conviction in ethically obligatory" and "fear of re-election." Every
form of democratic government has its own distinct set of rules. The British House of
Commons and the House of Lords are two examples of bicameral governments, which
typically have two houses of legislature.
2.2 Explain the characteristics of the sources of laws identified above giving examples
of each
The following describes aspects of the sources of laws:
 Conventions have the non-legally compulsory attributes of being modified at any time by
the Parliament and also being broadly acknowledged by both the government and the
opposition groupings in the Parliament. One such custom is the requirement that the Party
Leader sit in the House of Commons (Gielnik, Zacher and Schmitt, 2017).
 Books of authorities have the specific traits: they really aren't required by law; courts
consider them to be reliable providers of data; and the publication has the right to make
changes at any time. One example of this is Halsbury's Laws of England.
 Most of its distinctive characteristics include the notion that legislation are made by the
Parliament, that they are binding on all people, and that they are possible to change at any
time. A legislation example is the Automobile Registration Law of 1988.
 Because it is created by judges, is binding on all individuals, and is susceptible to
amendment at any time by government, case law does have the essential characteristics.

The House of Lords' decision in R v. Brown [1994] 1 AC 212 serves as an example of
this.
2.3 Discuss the impact of the respective laws on the multilingual organisation
A multilingual corporation is impacted by legislation in the sense that it must comply by all
relevant legislation. For example, if a business employs people from different countries, it must
adhere to their respective workplace regulations.
 Conventions have had the consequence of requiring a multilingual business to take into
account relevant standards when making decisions. For example, if a business is
considering doing business overseas, it has to consider any customs that might be
significant (Guldmann and Huulgaard, 2020).
 As a result of books of authorities, a multilingual organisation must now take those books
of authority into account whilst making decisions. For example, a business must consider
any relevant books of authorities when considering whether to enter into a contract with
an international supplier.
 Case law does have an impact on multilingual groups because it forces them to take it
into account when making decisions. For example, if a business is considering
establishing a unit overseas, it must consider any relevant case law.
The term "multilingualism" cannot be used to represent bilingual or trilingualism because it
lacks the prefix "multi". If more individuals are proficient in several languages, one might
consider themselves multilingual. People who speak multiple languages are frequently perceived
as being part of a multicultural culture or community. Individuals that speak several languages
simultaneously typically exhibit the full range of conversational abilities. However, true
multilingualism is a very rare event in everyday life. Even though individuals are typically
acquiring two or more languages simultaneously at the same moment, there is a strong tendency
for one language to continuously prevail and every other language is seen as being of lesser
worth.

Question No 3 (Give examples of how the UK law making process
have a direct impact on commercial organisations focusing on
ONE of the below list):
3.1 Explain and give the features of one of the following laws
Tort law
Tort law is a subset of the laws that provides compensation for wrongs committed by one
person against another (Johnson, 2018). Tort law is distinguished by 3 key features: it is written
for the benefit of the victim; it is based on the idea of culpability; and it is enforceable in court.
Besides breaking the laws, any conduct or omission which harms another individual and for
which a court assigns blame is said to be a tort. In other words, the sufferer may receive financial
fines as recompense for the injury they suffered. Tort cases could be divided into three groups:
gross negligence, intentional misconduct, and extreme responsibility. Each does have certain
distinctive elements. Nevertheless, the lawsuit process for each of them is roughly the same. A
tort may lead to physical or mental harm, the damage or elimination of assets, financial damages,
etc. One kind of injury that a British judge may order the offending party to compensate the
victim in the lawsuit for is the loss of present or potential income. The amount of the penalty is
determined by the Court. The party who was wronged could seek compensation through a legal
process. Obligations under tort law could be brought on by negligence, purposeful inactivity in
the face of a duty to act, or breaching the laws (Khmara and Kronenberg, 2018).
Thus, the three categories of torts covered by tort law are those with grave culpability,
intentionality, and carelessness. Accidental accidents are considered torts for carelessness. Theft
is a frequent example of an intentional tort, or harm done to somebody without malicious intent.
Production or assembling errors carry a heavy penalty for tort damages. Torts with a high degree
of culpability include those which emphasise the wrongdoer's culpable state of mind. The
individual who perpetrated the tort is regarded as the "tortfeasor" in a court case involving the
tortious behaviour and may very well be the claimant (Leppäaho, Plakoyiannaki and Dimitratos,
2016).
CONCLUSION
According to the preceding research, in regard to Britain and Wales, the Great Britain's law
structure also governs Scotland and Ireland. The fundamental and supplemental constitutional

rules in the United Kingdom could be generally divided into several categories. The foundation
of the legal system in the Great Britain is the common law, sometimes referred as judge-made
laws and composed up of both customs and legal standards. The British government is
concentrating more on passing laws because there are so many treaties, conventions, rules, and
decrees that have previously been enacted and are considered rules.

REFERENCES
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