Ultrasonic Sensors in Industrial Environment Project 2022

Running head: ULTRASONIC SENSORS IN INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS 1
Ultrasonic Sensors in Industrial Environments
INST2360 – Research Paper
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ULTRASONIC SENSORS IN INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS 2
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Topic Description...................................................................................................................4
1.2 Purpose...................................................................................................................................4
1.3 Scope......................................................................................................................................4
1.4 Background............................................................................................................................4
1.4.1 Definition of Ultrasonic Sensors......................................................................................4
1.4.2 Industrial Applications of Ultrasonic sensors..................................................................5
1.4.3 Examples of Industrial Application of Ultrasonic Sensors..............................................5
2.0 Basic Construction and Operation of Ultrasonic Sensors..........................................................8
2.1 Construction...........................................................................................................................8
2.2 Operation................................................................................................................................8
3.0 Types of Industrial Ultrasonic Sensors....................................................................................10
Diffuse proximity sensor............................................................................................................10
Retro-reflective sensors..............................................................................................................10
Ultrasonic through-beam sensors..............................................................................................11
4.0 Application of Ultrasonic Sensors in Measurement of Fork-lift distances..............................12
4.1 Schematic and Circuit Design..............................................................................................12
Schematic diagram..................................................................................................................12
Circuit diagram.......................................................................................................................13
4.2 Circuit Components.............................................................................................................13
4.3 Circuit Operation and Sensor Operation in the Circuit........................................................14
5.0 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................16
6.0 References................................................................................................................................17

ULTRASONIC SENSORS IN INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS 3
List of Figures
Figure 1: Tanks with Ultrasonic Sensors.........................................................................................6
Figure 2: An Assembly Line that is Ultrasonic Sensor Dependent.................................................6
Figure 3: Measurement of Distance Using Ultrasonic Sensors.......................................................7
Figure 4: Basic Components of Ultrasonic Sensors........................................................................8
Figure 5: Operation of Ultrasonic Sensor........................................................................................9
Figure 6: Diffuse Proximity Sensor...............................................................................................10
Figure 7: Ultrasonic retro-reflective sensor...................................................................................11
Figure 8: Ultrasonic through-beam sensor....................................................................................11
Figure 9: Schematic diagram for Ultrasonic Sensor Used for distance measurement..................12
Figure 10: Circuit diagram for Ultrasonic sensor used in distance measurement.........................13
Figure 11: HC-SRO4 ultrasonic sensor.........................................................................................14
Figure 12: Waves generated by ultrasonic sensor.........................................................................15
Figure 13: Distance measurement by ultrasonic sensor................................................................15

ULTRASONIC SENSORS IN INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS 4
Ultrasonic Sensors in Industrial Environments
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Topic Description
The topic describes how different types of ultrasonic sensors are used in industrial setups.
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of the project is to introduce the concept of application of ultrasonic sensors
in industrial based applications aimed at making work easier, increasing efficiency and
automating the processes.
1.3 Scope
The report will provide basic description of ultrasonic sensors, how they work, the
different types of ultrasonic sensors used in industrial applications, their application in industrial
processes and an example of a process where its used.
1.4 Background
1.4.1 Definition of Ultrasonic Sensors
Ultrasonic sensors refer to acoustic type sensors that are used in the measurement of
object distances and proximity detection using ultrasonic sound waves that are sent by the
transmitter in the sensor and reflected back to the sensor upon hitting the target (Chan & Chiang,
2020). The reflected sound waves are the converted to electrical pulses which are interpreted to
provide the desired measurement.