Melanoma1 Abstract Melanoma is a skin disorder that is associated with the uncontrolled growth of melanocyte Melanoma is initiated due to the disturbance innormal homeostasis of keratinocyte and melanocytes.The primary reason for the development of melanoma is associated with Ultraviolet (UV) radiations and tanning lamps have been associated as the intrinsic factor that triggers skin melanoma. The epidemiology of melanoma accounts for 5thin men and 7thmost common malignancy, attributing to 5 % and 4 % cases of cancer in men and women respectively. The spreading of cancer in the body could be stopped by the application of immunotherapy, which triggers the patient's own immune system to identify and cancer cells. The genetic pathways that have been associated with the progression of cancer are, BRAF associated with 60 % but not fund in the initiation of melanoma, NRAS genetic pathway is considered to be responsible for initiation of melanoma. The nivolumab drug is used as an inhibitor of these ligands, working as a blockage for PD-1, further reduction in the hindrance of immune inhibitory signals, that helps in restoring patient natural immune response through the action of tumor definite T-cells. The major contradiction associated with nivolumab is a systemic fungal infection, slowing of the wound healing process. Melanoma generally occurs at the epidermis and further moves across the other skin layers. . Nivolumab is being used for the treatment of melanoma with an overall survival rate of
Melanoma2 63 %. However, some side effects have been associated with nivolumab, therefore further research needs to be carried out for effective treatment.