Understanding and Analysing Business Management and Operations: A Case Study of Toyota Plc.

This report delves into the intricate relationship between leadership and management within the context of Toyota Plc., a leading automotive company in the United Kingdom. It explores key leadership theories and management approaches, analyzing their application in real-world scenarios. The report examines the impact of various factors, including political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental influences, on the company's operations and decision-making processes. Through a comprehensive analysis of Toyota Plc.'s operations management, the report highlights the importance of effective leadership and management in achieving business objectives and fostering sustainable growth.

Understanding and analysing business management and
operations
1

Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Task 1 Individual written report.................................................................................................5
LO1 Leadership and Management Concepts.........................................................................5
1.1 Define and compare the roles and characteristics of both managers and leaders,
highlighting the difference between management and leadership (P1).............................7
1.2 By applying a range of theories and concepts of leadership and management, analyse
and differentiate between a leader’s roles and a manager’s functions (M1)......................9
Task 2 Written Report..............................................................................................................12
LO2 (Applications of the role of a leader and function of a manager)................................12
2.1 Give examples of at least two different situational contexts and examine how the
role of a leader and the function of a manager are applied in organisations (P2)............13
2.2 Explain how theories such as situational leadership, systems leadership and
contingency apply to the organisation and how these have supported growth and
sustainable performance (P3)...........................................................................................14
2.3 Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different management approaches to
situations within the work environment of your selected organization (M2)..................15
2.4 Within the context of your selected organisation as an example, critically analyse
and evaluate the different theories and approaches to leadership discussed above in
terms of their purposefulness and utility. Identify any leadership gaps and suggest which
leadership approach would work better for the organisation and why (D1)....................17
Task 3 PowerPoint Presentation...............................................................................................18
LO3 (Leaders and Operations Management).......................................................................18
P4 Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and
managers play...................................................................................................................18
P5 Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving business
objectives..........................................................................................................................18
M3 Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational
management to successfully meet business objectives....................................................18
2

Task 4 Report...........................................................................................................................26
LO4 Leadership and management in a contemporary business environment......................26
P6 Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision-making by leaders and managers..............................................26
M4 Analyse how different factors affect the business environment and wider community.
..............................................................................................................................................28
Conclusion............................................................................................................................31
References................................................................................................................................33
3

Introduction
The main aim and purpose of this report study is to analyse the principles of management as
well as leadership. For gaining of the in-depth knowledge and learning about effective
management and leadership an organisation has also been selected which helps in supporting
to a meaningful conclusion about the management and leadership concepts. The company
which is selected is named as “Toyota Plc.”. Toyota Plc. is an organisation that is responsible
for the marketing, sales and after sales function within the United Kingdom. The company
serves across worldwide and has a structured operations management. In addition to this, the
report study emphasis on the operations management within the selected company and
identify various theories, framework and others which is related to the real world example i.e.
Toyota Plc. The assignment comprises of the written report and PowerPoint presentation also
which provides the comprehensive understanding about the assessment of business
management as well as operations. Conclusion is also drawn at the end of the assignment.
Figure 1: Toyota Models
Source: (Toyota, 2018)
4

Task 1 Individual written report
LO1 Leadership and Management Concepts
Introduction
This section of the report describes about the brief knowledge and management structure of
Toyota Plc. has been discussed. Moreover, the comparison in between the features of
managers and leaders has also been highlighted under this section. Furthermore, relevant
concepts and theories relating to the leadership and management are also stated in this part of
the report study.
Introduction of chosen organisation (Toyota Plc.)
Toyota Plc. has been engaged in the national sales, marketing arm for the Lexus and Toyota
in the economy of United Kingdom. The company has been listed among top 100 companies
with Sunday Times in the year 2017. The operations management of the company contains
the function of sales, marketing, customer relationship and many others which are delivered
across various nations (Toyota, 2018). It is among the world’s leading automotive company
of the United Kingdom which has sold nearly 100,000 cars in the year 2016.
Key Aims of Toyota Plc.
 Encouraging the personal as well as professional development
 Empowering the best in people one can have
 To support career progression through appropriate milestones and developments
(Toyota, 2018)
Management Structure of Toyota Plc.
5

Figure 2: Toyota Motor Finance
Source: (Impremedia, 2018)
The Toyota Plc. has been segregated within three sub divisions such as automotive, Toyota
financial services and other businesses. The management structure of Toyota Plc. is very
vague and is according to the various countries and economies. Toyota Plc. has various
divisions and sub-divisions depending upon their operational and functional management
depending on the management and leadership level.
6

1.1 Define and compare the roles and characteristics of both managers and leaders,
highlighting the difference between management and leadership (P1).
Managers – The managers are defined as the persons of an organisation who are responsible
for the overall functioning and management of organisational work and are also responsible
for designing and framing strategies according to the pre-determined goals and objectives
(Ionescu, et. al., 2014). At Toyota Plc. for achieving the desired level of outcome and attain
the objectives and goals of the company the managers play the role of formulating strategies
and policies which is aimed at achieving the desired result through proper planning.
According to the views and thoughts of the author Ionescu, et. al. (2014), the managers also
play the role of analysing the employee performance appraisal through the regular interval
and time periods.
Leaders – The leaders are referred to as the personnel of an organisation who are responsible
for getting the organisational work done by the employees in a systematic manner which is
aimed at achieving the desired goals and objectives of the company. Leaders of Toyota Plc.
play a significant role in motivating and guiding the employee towards working
enthusiastically and support them in case of any issues and conflicts arising within an
organisation. The main motto of the leaders is to enhance, inspire and influence the
performance of employees towards a positive manner so that the productivity of the
organisation can also be increased (Avolio and Yammarino, 2013).
Comparison in between the characteristics and roles of Leaders and Managers
It is observed that the roles and features of a manager and leader are sometimes
interchangeable also. The managers also play the role of a leader and vice versa. However,
the functions of both the manager and leader differ from one another.
Managers Leaders
The manager formulate the aims and
objectives of a company
The leaders are the once who persuades the
objectives framed by the managers in a well-
defined manner.
7

Managers emphasis on the things of a
company and its resources
Leaders focus on the people of the
organisation i.e. employees or workers.
Manager transmit or communicate the
policies and objectives to the leaders
Leaders follow the policies and make the
employee or workers to perform according to
the set policies and objectives.
The main role of manager is planning and
organising of the organisational resources
Leaders focus on influencing and motivating
the employees and implementing the
management ideas and thoughts into the
reality (Avolio and Yammarino, 2013)
8

1.2 By applying a range of theories and concepts of leadership and management,
analyse and differentiate between a leader’s roles and a manager’s functions (M1).
Leader’s Roles
(Source: Author)
The leaders play various roles in the organisation i.e., Toyota Plc.
 Empower People – The leaders at the Toyota Plc. helps in empowering to the
employees for gaining strength in their working style.
 Inspire People – Leaders plan different ways to inspire and motivate people
towards work so that goals and objectives of Toyota Plc. can be achieved
successfully.
 Shared vision – At Toyota Plc. the leaders try that all of the employees have a
common and a shared vision that is matching with the organisational goal.
 Lead Change – The leaders’ emphasis on leading the change to the employee so
that they can adapt to various dynamic changes taking place within the organisation
structure.
9
Leadership
Empower
people
Insipre
People
Shared
Vision
Lead
Change

Manager’s Functions
Figure 3: Functions of Management
Source: (Iibmindialms, 2015)
 Planning - The manager at Toyota Plc. play the function of setting goals and
objectives on behalf of overall organisation.
 Organising - Manager of Toyota Plc. leads to organise and arrange the things in
an effective and efficient manner as per the stated goals and objectives of the
company.
 Staffing - Managers are responsible for recruiting right set of employees at right
time and right place so that the goals of Toyota Plc. can be attained.
 Directing - Managers direct the employees for completing the task or work
whereas, leaders support them in directing towards the way of accomplishing the task
(Iibmindialms, 2015).
 Controlling - Managers are responsible for analysing the actual results with the
desired once and formulating of strategies in case of any deviations.
10

Conclusion – On the basis of the above analysis it has been observed that the managers and
leaders play different roles and functions and have distinctive characteristics within Toyota
Plc. Also, the success of organisation is also dependent upon the roles and responsibilities
played by the managers and leaders.
11

Task 2 Written Report
LO2 (Applications of the role of a leader and function of a manager)
Introduction
The report contains an example of different context which is stating the application of
leadership and management within the selected organisation i.e. Toyota Plc. Moreover, the
different leadership styles such as situational and others have also been discussed which leads
to reflecting of sustainable growth of the company. Furthermore, the strengths and weakness
of different approaches have also been identified in this report.
12

2.1 Give examples of at least two different situational contexts and examine how the role
of a leader and the function of a manager are applied in organisations (P2).
The managers and leaders play various functions and role in achieving the desired objective
of the organisation. The different traits and styles have been used by the leaders and
managers in functioning and operations management at the organisation. At Toyota Plc., the
company has been facing with various issues and problems such as price of fuel, equipment,
materials and many others which is managed through different situational context used by the
Toyota Plc.
The operations department at Toyota Plc. adopts of various theories of management and role
of leaders which are as follows:
 Environment – With the help of contemporary theory of management theory it
has been applied by the Toyota Plc. in order deal with the current situations related to
the increased cost of production and purchase. The environment within the business
operates comprises of light, noise, people, furniture and many others. This creates a
direct impact upon the functioning of organisation. Therefore, the managers and
leaders at Toyota Plc. frame policies in order to enhance the productivity of the
organisation. For such purpose the managers have framed a strategy known as
KAIZEN.
 Cultural Aspect – It has been supported by the Behavioural theory of
management in which the managers at Toyota Plc. as per this theory consider the
skills and capabilities of the employees and on the other hand, leader’s uses of the
transformational style of leadership for communication with employees.
13

2.2 Explain how theories such as situational leadership, systems leadership and
contingency apply to the organisation and how these have supported growth and
sustainable performance (P3).
There are various theories which are applied by the organisation in regards to its growth and
sustainable development of performance. The theories applied by Toyota Plc. are as follows:
Situational leadership – This leadership provides with a leadership way in which the leaders
adjust their own style according to the followers or employees for the sake of their
development. Toyota Plc. has also considered of such a leadership practices within its
operations management where the leaders change their styles according to the employee’s
acceptance and knowledge.
Systems leadership – It is that type of leadership which makes use of OD (Organisational
Development) approach for improving the leadership practices within the organisation. At
Toyota Plc. the collaborative leadership is been followed where a network of various people
at different position are sharing a common vision for leading to change within the
environment.
Contingency leadership – This theory focuses on changing the strategies and aspects
according to the changes taking place in the situation. The managers at Toyota Plc. play a
significant role as they consider the increased cost incurred during manufacturing and apply
relevant theories in order to bring some changes in the operational activity.
14

2.3 Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different management approaches to
situations within the work environment of your selected organization (M2).
The different management approaches in regards to the situation prevailing within the
working environment at Toyota Plc. is as follows:
Management by objectives – It is referred to as the way for improving and enhancing the
performance of company through the means of clearly defining of goals and objectives (Fulk,
et. al., 2011). The goals and objectives are clearly agreed upon the employees as well as
management. Toyota Plc. also adopts of such management approach within its organisation
for increasing the productivity and efficiency.
Strengths
 It helps in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the operations
management at Toyota Plc.
 It leads to attaining of the goals and objectives of the company in a systematic
manner.
Weakness
 The employees of the organisation resist for the changes taking place in the
organisation.
 Sometimes, the goals and objectives of the company have not been clearly well
defined to the employees.
Chaos Theory – This theory leads to identifying of nonlinear things which are difficult to
predict and control such as stock market, weather, turbulent and many others (Robertson and
Combs, 2014). Toyota Plc. also makes use of such theory in order to predict and control the
operations management of Toyota Plc.
Strengths
 The theory helps in assessing the market conditions and business environment
which is directly or indirectly impacting the company.
15

Weakness
 It is difficult to predict and forecast the future trends and market from such type of
management theory.
16

2.4 Within the context of your selected organisation as an example, critically analyse
and evaluate the different theories and approaches to leadership discussed above in
terms of their purposefulness and utility. Identify any leadership gaps and suggest
which leadership approach would work better for the organisation and why (D1).
There are different types of leadership theories as well as approaches being followed within
the Toyota Plc. that has been used for a purposefulness reason.
The different theories are as follows:
 Behavioural approach of leadership – This theory states the leaders must
emphasis on the employee’s attitudes and qualities rather than their action. It has been
related to the McGregor Theory X (Morgeson, et. al., 2010).
 Functional Approach – The approach states that the leaders must focus on the
responsibilities, accountabilities and others of the employees and workers. The key
theory used under this approach is known as Adair's Action-Centred Leadership
(Boyatzis, 2011).
Leadership Gaps – It is observed that within the organisation Toyota Plc. there is a
leadership gaps been identified such as the actions are being considered instead of the
behaviour or attitude of the employees.
Suggestion of Leadership Approach – The Company must focus on the behavioural theory
of leadership in which the attitudes, behaviour, spirit and nature of employees should be
considered rather than their actions.
17

Task 3 PowerPoint Presentation
LO3 (Leaders and Operations Management)
P4 Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and
managers play.
P5 Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving business
objectives.
M3 Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational
management to successfully meet business objectives.
18

Speaker Notes- This presentation explains the role of the leaders and the managers in Toyota
Plc., who helps the business with the different strategies. Different approaches and
description of values has been used in this presentation to understand it in the better manner.
The importance of operational management has been included which helps the business in
such a great manner.
19

Speaker Notes- This presentation defines the different activities of management operations
in the perfect manner. The proper functioning of operation management which increases the
productivity of the business has been taken place in this presentation. It explains the benefits
of the operational management effectively.
20

Speaker Notes- This slide explains about the importance of different key approaches for
meeting the targets of the business.
Speaker Notes- This slide explains about the total quality management approach which is
importantly required to run the business by implementing the changes. It also focuses on
improvements which are necessary to meet the company’s goals and objectives.
21

Speaker Notes- The six sigma methodology has been applied in this association which helps
in improving the efficiency and quality of the products and services of the business in an
effective manner. It also helps in eliminating a different kind of wastage in the association
such as wait, defects in the process of production, extra processing transportation, and etc.
22

Speaker Notes- The slide explains the objectives of the operations management in an
effective manner. All the important procedures get maintained and managed by the
operations management so that the best products and services can get presented by the
association. It helps in achieving the objectives of the business in great manner.
Speaker Notes- This slide explains the main objectives of Toyota Plc. It focuses on
providing the best services to their consumers so that the business can reach on top. This
presentation explains that operations management works hard for bringing the sustainability
in the association. The operations Management helps in maintaining the quality of the
products and services for increasing the productivity.
23

Speaker Notes- The managers and leaders help the operations management in such a great
manner by taking care of quality control, inventory control, supply chain management and
etc.
24

Speaker Notes- This slide explains that improving the management of operations is so
important for getting the improvement in production and profitability of the business. It
includes the roles of manages and leaders for understanding their responsibilities. It explains
that in increasing the profitability of the target market the operations management is very
useful.
25

Task 4 Report
LO4 Leadership and management in a contemporary business environment
Introduction
The factors which affect the organisational environment in negative or positive manner and
their impact on the decision making of operational management have been discussed in this
report.
P6 Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision-making by leaders and managers.
The operations manager is considering the functions of the management which is effectively
responsible for managing the procedure of producing the services and goods. The operations
management includes the manufacturing of international and domestic businesses by focusing
on strategic management. It helps in implementing and developing a coherent strategy for the
continuous productivity, quality, processes, products, customer’s services and etc.
Leaders and managers are the most important part of the organisation without which none of
the business can run for longer. In the environment of business, there are various factors
which have the impact on the decision making of operations management by the managers
and leaders. Porter’s five forces analysis has been included in this to understand it better-
26
Industry
Rivalry
Threat of
Entry
Bargaining
Power of
buyers
Threat of
Substitutes
Bargaining
power of
Suppliers

Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
(Source: By Author)
 Competition Rivalry - According to Antonakis, et. al. (2017), this force explains
about the profitable and competitive an industry is. The organisations have to
compete aggressively for the shares of the market, which are resulting in the very low
profits. Rivalry among the competitors in so intense when there are so many
competitors, industries growth is negative or low, exit barriers are on a higher level
and etc. Also in the case of if competitors are of similar sized and less loyalty of the
customers (Antonakis, et. al., 2017).
 Bargaining Power of Suppliers -The bargaining power allows the suppliers for
selling the products which are of high prices but low in quality. It affects the Toyota
Plc. in terms of profitability by earning more and more profits and the decision
making of leaders and managers.
 Bargaining power of buyers- Lower prices means to the lower revenues of the
association. Buyer follows the bargaining policy. They demand to get the higher
quality products with the lower prices because of which they do not buy the products
and services at higher rates. It affects the business in a negative manner. As same it
affects the decision m making of leaders and managers in the same manner.
 A threat of Entry- According to Salari, et. al. (2017), it is important for the
existing associations for creating the high barriers for entering into the new entrants. It
happens in the situation of when; low capital is required for getting entered into the
market, in the situation of lack of government regulations, low faith and trust in
customers and etc. It affects the business environment very effectively. All these
points also affect the decision making of the managers and leaders
 Threats of Substitutes- The time when the substitutes of the products come into
the market, it affects the sales of the products which affects the business in a negative
manner. People get attracted to buy the other products at low prices with high quality
(Salari, et. al., 2017).
27

M4 Analyse how different factors affect the business environment and wider
community.
There are different factors such as political, economic, social, technological, legal,
environmental factors which affect the business in a high manner. All those factors with the
help of PESTLE analysis have been discussed below-
Political
Factors
Economic
Factors
Social
Factors
Technologica
l Factors
Legal
Factors
Environmental
Factors
A political
factor
always
affects the
economic
environment
of the
association.
According
to Dugan,
et. al.
(2017),
some of the
political
factors have
the large
impact on
the
organisation
of Toyota
Plc. Many
of the times
it leads to
add the risk
According to
Northouse,
et. al. (2017),
the financial
situation
helps the
business to
grow faster
and in an
attractive
manner. The
decision
making of
managers and
leader gets
affected by
the financial
condition of
the
association as
because
implementing
any kind of
required
The social
factors such
as cultural
trends,
analytics of
operations,
dynamics
and
operations
and etc. also
affect the
entire
community
of business
environment.
A continuous
change in the
technologies
also affects
the business
favourably or
unfavourably.
Most of the
times it affects
the
development
and research,
automation of
the processes
which brings
technological
awareness in
the operations
management
and an entire
community.
The
employees
of the
business
are required
to manage
their work
according
to the
lawful
policies. It
helps in the
betterment
of the
association
by getting
some new
and
innovative
changes.
As same it
improves
the entire
community
The factors
which include
the
surroundings of
the business get
include in
environmental
factors. The
environmental
factors or the
environment of
the association
affects the
business in a
great manner
28

factors and
as same
some of the
times, it
becomes a
reason for
major risks.
A political
factor
includes all
the powers
of changing
the results
or outcomes
in a great
manner. For
example,
many of the
government
policies
affect the
business
environment
by with the
different
rules and
regulations
which has
been created
by law. The
examples of
corruption
can get
change are
only possible,
if the
organisation
is well
established in
financial
terms. If in
case a
company is
suffering
from any
kind of loss
or bad
condition in
terms of
money, then
taking the
decision
which is
related to the
finance will
be quite
impossible.
So in order to
bring some
financially
related
changes, the
association is
necessarily
required to
stand with a
. Workers
are required
to perform
by taking
care of
their
security
norms so
that they
will not get
harm in any
critical
situation.
Many of
the legal
factors
affect the
business in
a high
manner.
The
Managers
and the
leaders
should
focus on
the security
and safety
of the
employees
and
customers
by
29

considered
over here to
explain it
better. The
leaders and
managers
should have
the
capabilities
to know that
how
upgraded
legislations
can affect
their
business in
a different
manner
(Dugan, et.
al., 2017).
good
financial
situation in
the
competitive
market
(Northouse,
et. al., 2017).
The financial
factors such
as inflation,
deflation,
duties and
etc. also
impact the
operational
management.
following
the legal
policies.
30

D2 Critically evaluate the key approaches used for managing operations in
organisations and the associated roles played by managers and leaders
There are different key approaches which get used in the operations management. Some of
them are discussed below-
Six Sigma Approach - It is basically considered as the methodology which helps in
improving the standard of quality in the operations management. According to Wolke (2017),
the basic tools which get used by the six sigma are- defining, measuring, analysing,
improving and controlling as well. It helps in eliminating the defects and errors, reduces the
costs and saves the times as well. It is also known as the high-end manufacturing and
engineering as well. IN Toyota Plc. Six Sigma helps in creating a perfect infrastructure for
supporting the success of the association. For completing the specific goals it develops the
projects which are short term. As sane it focuses on the improvement and consistent and clear
methodology of the business (Wolke, 2017).
Total Quality Management – According to Dugan, et. al. (2017), this approach describes
the long-term success of the business with the customer satisfaction. In TQM, all the
employees work for improving the products, processes, services and the culture of their
association. Focus on customer's gets include in total quality management, an involvement of
employees, process entered, systematic and strategic approach, communication of employees,
continuous improvement and etc. (Dugan, et. al., 2017).
Conclusion
The applications of operations management and their impacts on the environment of wider
associations have been included in this report. It also includes the different factors to
understand it better.
31

Conclusion
On the basis of the above stated report study, it has been analysed and observed that the
management and leadership plays a very important role in the operations management of
Toyota Plc. However, there are different roles and functions of a leader and manager which
help the employees in moving towards a right direction. The various theories and styles
adopted by the Toyota Plc. are very useful in leading towards achievement of the desired
goals and objectives. Furthermore, there is a significant impact of political, economic and
legal factors on the operation management of the company and is influencing the growth and
potential of the company. Hence, the company also makes use of various strategies and
policies in order to eliminate the waste and enhance the performance of the company.
32

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