Understanding and Evaluation of Waste Management on Construction Project in UK

This research project aims to understand and evaluate waste management on construction projects in the UK, considering the concept of sustainable development and its complexity. It includes a literature review on waste management and sustainable construction, data collection and analysis, and conclusions.

UNDERSTANDING AND
EVALUATION OF WASTE
MANAGEMENT ON
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT IN UK
“BY CONSIDERING THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT AND ITS
COMPLEXITY IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT”

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTELLECTUAL SUMMARY..................................................................................................3
2. KEYWORDS...............................................................................................................................3
3. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................4
3.1 Background............................................................................................................................4
3.2 Aim and objectives:...............................................................................................................4
3.3 Research questions.................................................................................................................5
3.4 Rationale for the study...........................................................................................................5
3.5 Significance...........................................................................................................................5
4. LITERATURE REVIEW PART I...............................................................................................6
4.1: Waste management and construction waste.........................................................................6
4.2: Sources of waste in construction projects.............................................................................7
4.3: Drivers of waste reduction in UK.........................................................................................8
5. LITERATURE REVIEW PART II...........................................................................................10
5.1: Sustainable construction.....................................................................................................10
5.2: Approaches to reduce waste in construction companies....................................................11
6. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS................................................................................13
7. CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

1. INTELLECTUAL SUMMARY
This research project will be summarized about research topic that is “To understanding and
evaluation of waste Management on construction project in UK by involving the concept of
sustainable development and its complexity in construction project” with the support of Balfour
Beatty plc. it also will highlight significance of the research project for the other construction
companies which operates it’s business in construction sector. This research project will included
aims and objectives of the company that is essential for the research project because it will help
to understand that research is going on right track or not. Literature review will be used to collect
authentic information over the proposed research topic that will help in gaining all farmed
objectives. Literature review is considered one of the best analytical tools because it records all
positive and negative aspects of different authors. There are two literature reviews will be used
for different research themes for example first research topic is waste management and
construction waste that will be evaluated with the supports of literature review. While another
theme of the research is sustainable construction development that will also evaluate by literature
review. Thus. Theoretical aspects will be collected from the support of literature review. There
are some other analytical tools i.e. data collection and data analysis tools also will used to collect
relevant information from the different sources and then these will be analysed by data analysis
in this research project. Thus, different tools will supports to gain aim of the research assignment
effectively.
2. KEYWORDS: Waste management, Sustainable construction, Reduce
waste, Recycling
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3. INTRODUCTION
3.1 Background
The construction sector is booming globally due to the ever-growing population,
urbanisation and rising needs for dwellings and constructions. This also indicates serious
challenges in terms of sustainable development of the industry and waste management which
could otherwise result in major environmental disasters and harm the global well-being in long
term. In present times, various constructions industries are aiming to operate sustainably in the
UK with figures published by the UK government stating a rise in appropriate waste and
demolition management in the industry (Menegaki and Damigos, 2018). Major reasons for this
increased sustainable approach are the emergence of new practices and technological
advancements in the waste disposal and recovery along with rising environmental awareness
among public and communities in order to change the face of waste management. Achievement
of zero waste cold be a breakthrough construction strategy in terms of environmental crisis, but
is very challenging. It needs involvement and commitment of all the stakeholders for waste
reduction at source and development of efficient strategies such as reuse, recycle could make the
construction industry closer to its target of zero waste, countering the twilight zone. Construction
is one of those industries that are highly-energy intensive, which is why it is imperative that
companies should follow sustainable approaches (Ragossnig, 2020).
3.2 Aim and objectives:
Aim:
To understanding and evaluation of waste Management on construction project in UK by
considering the concept of sustainable development and its complexity in construction project of
the company Balfour Beatty plc.
Objectives:
 To understand the concept of waste management and sustainable development in
construction industry.
 To evaluate waste sources in construction and drivers for waste minimisation in UK.
 To understand the waste management in the construction company Balfour Beatty plc.
 To identify various approaches to ensure sustainable development in construction
projects and understanding its complexities.
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3.3 Research questions
 What do you understand by waste management in context to construction industry in
UK?
 What are the waste management issues and practices of the company Balfour Beatty plc.?
 What are the drivers of waste minimisation in UK and sources for the origin of the waste?
 What are the different approaches to sustainable development in construction projects
and associated complexities?
3.4 Rationale for the study
The construction industries in UK such as Balfour Beatty plc are facing major issues in
terms of attaining zero waste, creation of shareholder value and meeting expectations of the
client through sustainable approaches, ensuring waste management policies and programs
effectively, protection of environment and engaging with communities. This study will aim to
understand the core concept of waste management and significance of sustainable development
in the construction industry. The main motivation for the study is to determine the importance
and newest practices in sustainable development in Balfour Beatty plc. for understanding how
companies in UK can deal with waste management efficiently. The sources of waste generation
will be identified along with the drivers for minimisation of construction waste in UK and
complexity in construction project will be elaborated to gain a deeper understanding od the
problems and associated solutions (Parmanova, 2020).
3.5 Significance
This study on the waste management and sustainability will become highly relevant for
researchers in order to understand how top construction contractors in the UK deal with the
waste management in their operational processes and the importance of sustainable development
in terms of complexities, approaches and practices for construction projects. This can be
beneficial for all the stakeholders like employees, investors and shareholders, government,
community, customers and clients who can understand the crux of the issue and approaches to
deal with it.
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4. LITERATURE REVIEW PART I
The literature review will analyse all the relevant viewpoints, concepts, arguments and
evidences from secondary sources like published and authentic books, journals and articles that
state their findings in relation to the topics of waste management in construction industry. The
literature review will evaluate the statements of various authors and critically analyse them in
terms on counter arguments and refuting.
4.1: Waste management and construction waste
There are various definitions of construction waste but none is formally accepted. As per
Kaza and et.al., (2018) a common definition can be such substances and objects that are
discarded by the holder or there in intention ore requirement of discarding. However, Mahpour,
(2018) has described construction waste as those materials which are required to be transported
somewhere else from the site of construction or are used in the site itself irrespective of intended
purposes of the construction project because of damage, excessive or non-usage or the material
which is a by-product of the construction process.
Adeniran and et.al., (2017) have stated in their study that waste management are those
activities and schemes that are directed towards management of waste and their effective
disposal. The activities can consist of discarding, destruction, processing, recycle, reuse and
mitigation or control of wastes that are generated through any business activity. The prime goal
of the whole process is reduction of the amount of unusable materials that jeep on accumulating
on the earth and to aversion of potentials risks in terms on health and environmental hazard. The
local governments and municipalities across the world engage in methods like landfill collection
and incineration and undergo the process of volume reduction, conversion to ash, gas, heat and
steam. Other processes involve recycling, reprocessing and re-using.
Similarly, Luciano and et.al., (2018) states that waste management refers to the activities,
function and practices that are needed for the management of waste since its inception till the
disposal. The process of waste management includes collection, transportation, treatment,
disposal and recovery along with monitoring and regulating the entire process. The waste
management process is essential for business which are involved in sectors of high energy
consumption and high creation of wastage such as mining, industrial processes and
manufacturing, construction projects etc.
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Johari and Jha, (2020) states that it is highly important that waste is properly managed as
the consequences may lead to disruptions in the environment, adverse effects on human and
animal health and well-being, aesthetics and sustainable living cities. The author also states that
World Bank provides financing and advisory on solid waste management through diverse
facilities like loans, outcome-based financing and advise on the basis of technicalities. The
policy addresses complete waste lifecycle from the source of generation to its disposal for the
waste created by households, industry and commercial activities.
As elucidate by Ding and et.al., (2018) waste management in construction industry refers
to various aspects of sustainable building such as elimination of waste wherever possible,
minimisation of waste in feasible areas, increasing the practices of reusability of construction
materials and components which might otherwise get wasted. The debris and other structures in
construction and demolition activities is produced in the duration of construction, renovation,
rehabilitation and demolition of buildings, roads, bridges, flyovers. As per the study the
Construction and demolition debris can broken down in concrete, bricks, soil, asphalt stones,
make up bulk, excavation-based wastage alone from construction activities in England and
Wales. The waste management strategies adopted by construction companies and contractors
have been adopting are based on the entire lifecycles of the projects such as early planning stage,
the structural and architectural stages in design, the stage of construction and in-use and the
process can be further understood by learning about the sources of waste (Ding and et.al., 2018).
4.2: Sources of waste in construction projects
As per Osmani and Villoria-Sáez, (2019) construction waste is created in the entire
lifecycle of the constructional activities from inception to finish and re-construction phase. It was
studied that procurement sources in construction tends to be generated due to un-cooperated
participation of stakeholders of the construction project in the early phases, ineffectiveness in
communicating and coordination regarding the project, ambiguous allocation of resources and
unclear responsibilities and inconsistent and unclear documentation of the procurement process.
Apart from this, there was an accurate estimated of about 33% materials that are wasted because
of the failure of architects in design-out waste.
However, Ghafourian and et.al., (2018) states that reduction of waste in the
constructional activities by the use of design gets complicated as buildings tend to embody a
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huge number of components and material in the entire process. It was also indicated in the
research that waste accepted like inevitable, poorly defined responsibilities and job roles, lack of
effective training are primary challenges that architects face in the designing and adoption waste
minimisation measures in the construction projects. The complexity arises when more waste gets
generated directly or indirectly due to stakeholders of other projects like contactors. Sub-
contractors, clients, vendors and suppliers. There is a common agreement that the changes in the
design in duration of operational activities are primary sources of wastes in construction.
4.3: Drivers of waste reduction in UK
As per Ajayi and Oyedele, (2017) the formal definition of construction waste reduction or
minimisation is the reduction of the waste that is generated at the sources such as designing out
waste by evaluation of the root causes of the issue and re-engineering present practices and
processes for the alleviation of the waste generation.
According to Ajayi and et.al., (2017) various legislative drivers of waste minimisation
include the use of an amalgamation of economic and regulatory instruments, and voluntary
concessions for meeting the objectives of social, environmental and ethical waste management
by the UK government. The various policies for sustainable construction that were published in
2008 stated steps for changes in sustainable of construction design, procurement, management
and operation for building several assets have to be conducted and driven through innovation
approaches. The strategy aimed at improvement of built environment focussing on reduction of
carbon emissions and consumption of resources in newer constructions. Ajayi and et.al., (2017)
also states that the strategy has called for a resource efficiency policy of zero waste in the
landfills for construction by 2020. It targets a 50% reduction in the amount of demolition,
construction, drilling and restoration associated wastes that are put into the landfill. These
legislative policies create severe challenges for the construction companies and industries. Apart
from that the present waste associated laws such as the Landfill Tax, Site Waste Management
Plans Regulations, Aggregate levies have made the practices of waste disposal highly costly for
the companies and contractors. However, till now these have not made any significant impact on
the waste produced through construction activities and the government is likely to revise other
fiscal ad legislative policies that will drive companies like Balfour Beatty plc to engage in higher
sustainable development goals.
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Janani and Lalithambigai, (2020) state that fiscal measures also drive the implementation
of waste management policies and sustainable development in construction companies. In
current times, the construction industry of UK tends to spend more than £210 million on Landfill
Tax on annual basis. The construction associated and generated waste usually costs more than
5% of revenue of construction companies with estimated savings of less than 2 % because of the
inclusion of a program for minimising waste. Apart from that it is also estimated that about £1.6
billions tends to get wasted for materials which get delivered to the construction site but remain
unutilised. It is essential that companies take leverage of the funding provided by the government
for implementing waste reduction practices. The UK government has also granted more than
£285 million Landfill Taxes to the BREW program which stands for Business Resource
Efficiency and Waste while over 66% of this ai d received approval for waste management
practices.
Lu and et.al., (2018) has elucidated in his study that business drivers have a significant
enforcement in the UK for adoption of waste management policies. For improving the
performance of construction companies in this era of intense market competition, it has become
important that various sustainable development practices such as waste minimisation are in for
adoption and implementation. Major stakeholders such as clients, customers and even employees
demand improved sustainable project performance and tend to exert higher influences on the
construction industry-based companies for reducing onsite waste and reduce costing. This has
been gradually getting a required condition for procurement for the complete supply and logistics
chain. In order to respond to pressures like these, the business have to ultimately abandon their
narrow theory of production and management and adopt a broader perspective to seek higher
economic value as well as considerations for corporate social responsibility, engaging the
stakeholders and holding on to corporate governance and ethical commitments.
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5. LITERATURE REVIEW PART II
5.1: Sustainable construction
According to OBE and et.al., (2019) there has been a substantial increase in the demand
for efforts in conservation and green approaches in any business activity. Construction being a
massive industry in present times especially in the UK, impacts associated industries around the
world and account for more than 6% of the global GDP. Urban areas around UK are seeing an
increase in construction of housing, roads and other infrastructure.
But as per the Maraveas, (2020), this industry produces around more than one-third of the
total waste generated which tends to fill up the landfills. Construction generated waste also tends
to constitute up to 12% of the greenhouse gas and hazardous emissions in the world.
Construction industry in the UK is facing major challenges in maintenance of sustainability.
Apart from that in current time, it is not enough to design sustainable buildings, but also ensuring
that sustainability remains in the process of construction, buildings being designed for re-
purposing instead of single purposes that could meet dynamic needs and a keen consideration of
the kind of materials that are being used and deployed.
Aghimien and et.al., (2019) has described in the research that construction industry in
itself by its very nature tends to be a huge user of natural resources. With changing times, finite
nature of available resources, and increasing concerns for climate change have led to huge
pressure on construction companies to reduce their environmental impact. Aghimien and et.al.,
(2019) has defined sustainable construction as the phenomenon of conducting constructional
activities with the goals of sustainable development for reducing the impact on the planet such
as, usage of renewable and recyclable resources; minimisation of energy usage and waste;
creation of a healthy and eco-friendly environment and protection of natural planet and
surroundings.
As per Fadel and et.al., (2020) sustainable construction is important because construction
industry pertains to a high usage of energy along with alleviated emission levels. The heavy
machinery and components that are deployed in the process depends heavily upon burning fossil
fuels and further inefficiencies in electricity and power usage which can outcome in the
unrequired burning of pollution causing energy sources to reduce the energy supply line. The
construction sector amounts to a huge 36% of the worldwide energy consumption and emits
more than 40% of carbon dioxide. Fabrication of construction materials like mining of raw
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materials that outcome in more than 3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide which is estimated to
increase further as 4 billion tonnes of concrete is in use annually.
Carvajal-Arango and et.al., (2019) explain that adoption of sustainable approaches tends
to possess many challenges prominently in terms of costs. The research as per a market report,
almost 40% of the construction contractors and companies in UK revealed that the major
hindrance in attaining sustainable development goals and practices is affordability and almost
half of the firms have stated that green constructions and buildings have shown to incurred more
initial costs. More than 35% of the organisations have reported that they tend to face high client
demands for green buildings and there is a challenge in balancing the demand and the huge costs.
However, owners of green buildings perceive that they are worth more than 8% than traditional
constructions.
5.2: Approaches to reduce waste in construction companies
As per Shurrab, Hussain and Khan (2019) the waste reduction is associated with practices
that are aimed at minimisation of generation of waste from construction at its origin. In projects
of construction and demolitions, sustainability could be achieved through reduction or avoidance
of any operations and processes that can cause waste generation. In the early stages of the
construction like architectural designs, the strategy of reduce can be applied and implemented in
the entire cycle of project. The factors influencing the generation of waste have to be evaluated
before using the reduce strategy like poor designs and handling of materials, lacking
competencies of human resources and lack of training, poor project management & planning,
poor situation of the construction site, procurement of the components and materials for the
project and the external factors of weather.
However, Chen and et.al., (2019) states that reduce strategy has not to be aimed only at
reduction of generation of waste but also reduction in context of costs of transportation,
recycling of waste and waste disposal. Although it is not entirely possible to eliminate generation
of the waste at a sustainable construction site as the site does lead to various kinds of wastes
which is known as unavoidable waste. As the waste created by the activities cannot be fully
avoided the further steps that are considered should aim at re-using these wastes like usage of
broken bricks and concrete materials as a replacement for sub-grade access road in the site of the
building. Apart from that, the author has stated that re-use can be defined as the usage of
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resources of construction that are the materials like timber wood and form works and can be used
for more than one functions for either the same activity or another.
Islam and et.al., (2019) has described recycling as the process of collection of used and
re-used and other entirely unused materials that are all termed as waste, and to devise processes
into turning them into new and usable items. In terms on construction, materials can be sorted in
the site or off the site which can then be delivered to the centre for processing them to be turned
into re-manufactured products and materials or other raw materials or new or similar items. The
process of sorting and selection of waste for the aim of recycling could be undertaken as an on-
site or off-site techniques of waste management. As per the author, on-site recycling refers to
isolating the wastes generated from the construction and further use it as raw materials for
another processes and practices of construction. On the other hand, off-site technique of
recycling involves separation and transportation of the materials of construction waste to other
firms to be utilised as raw materials. The participation of the UK government is necessary in
ensuring a successful recycling program in the sites of the construction projects (Islam and et.al.,
2019).
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6. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Theme1. Majority of participant in survey believes that wastage and sustainable management is
necessary for construction firms
Do you think waste and sustainable
management adoption is necessary for
Construction Company?
Particulars
Yes 28
No 2
Total 30
Interpretation
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It can be concluded from the above pie chart that the majority of the people by the survey believe
that the wastage and sustainability is very necessary for the construction firms. The pie chart
explains the scenario by providing the details of the research data collection on the respondent
which explain that 93% of the people and respondent believe that it is important for the
construction firm to utilise the waste and sustainable management is important.
It can be analysed from obtained result that majority of people believe sustainable as well
as wastage management is necessary for construction company. As per the view of Wahi, N and
et.al., (2016) of, changing business and increase by product from construction company make
attention of voluntary organisation as well as government to take action on it. There are large
numbers of Companies in United Kingdom which are using various practices to reduce wastage
at construction site and it emphasizes on sustainable development. Environment highly polluted
from residual from making new places for example there are large number of pollutant throw in
nearby water places from constructing properties. However, government policy and procedure
become effective and organisation also taking part in waste management in country so that
sustainable future can be created for future generation.
Theme2. Residual is one of primary source for wastage on construction industry
What are sources of waste in construction
industry?
Particulars
Designing 3
Poor Handling of Material 8
Operation 4
Residual 15
Total 30
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Interpretation
The pie chart will explain the representation in pie form to provide the details about the
respondent’s choice on the primary sources of waste and the ways in which the waste is being
created. The majority of the respondents 50% believe that residual is one of the reasons of the
primary source of waste in the construction firm. 27% of the respondent believe that it is cause
due to poor handling of the material. On other hand 13% believe that it is cause due to operations
in construction work.
Survey result shows that construction residual is one of the reasons increasing wastage in
different places and hence it become necessary for industry to implement effective strategies so
that these challenges can be overcome. According to Zhang, Y and et.al., (2017), there are
various sources from which constructing disposal increasing in the country such as poor
designing, improper handling of materials, ineffective operations, wastage etc. it become
difficult for organisation as well as government to tackle this challenge which are harming
environment and affecting biodiversity of country. Improper strategy and planning are one of the
reasons for generation of wastage for example: Construction industry has not taken any step
which can decrease by product as well as decrease sources of wastage at sites.
Theme3. Concrete wastage mostly observes on construction locations
What types of construction waste can be Particulars
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seen on its sites?
Brick 5
Concrete 12
Ferrous Metal 2
Masonry 3
Non ferrous metal 1
Above all 7
Total 30
Interpretation
The pie graph interpretate that the waste on the construction firm are of concreate majorly. The
majority of the respondent show their views by expressing that the most of the waste is of the
concrete at the firm’s location. At least 40% of the respondent agreed to this. Other respondent
agreed to bricks, nonferrous metal and rest with other answers. The researcher found that the
construction firm have the wastage and its mostly of the concrete. The remaining are with 23%
in above all and the 17% feel that it is because of the bricks in the construction sites.
Questionnarie outcomes emphasize that concrete is one of most observed residuals on
construction site and it is highly impacting environment. In the opinion of Miller and Hutchins,
(2017), there are various type of construction waste that can easily be seen on sites such as brick,
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concrete, non-ferrous metal etc. and contribute in increasing wastage in country. Biodiversity,
flora and fauna etc. affected from rising pollutant content in atmosphere and proper planning
need to address it. Author also emphasized that proper strategic plan can only be effective in
managing waste on this site. Boxes can be where this residual dump and after it transferred to
garbage management system in the country which segregate different kind of particle and useful
one can again sent for recycling.
Theme4. Cement Percentage is highest in wastage on construction places
Which one material of percentage highest in
construction sites?
Particulars
Cement 12
Brick 8
Metals 7
Woods 3
Total 30
Interpretation
The pie graph explain that the respondent give their views on it and the interpretation of the
graph provide the graphical representation explaining the answers of the respondent. The graph
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concludes that the material which is used maximum at the construction sites are the cement. The
responded with majority of share expressed that 40% of them tell cement is mostly used in
construction site. The second most used material at the construction site is the bricks in the
construction sites. Woods and metal are used in the construction site but the majority are the
cement and bricks as they are required to make the building and construction with provided to
make it strong.
It can be observed from obtained graph result that's cement percentage is highest in
wastage data generated on construction site. According to Kaza and et.al., (2018), there are
different type of material which release when project is running such as cement, woods, metals
etc. And it increases stress for manager to classify for triple R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle).
Government of United Kingdom set up a system and process that all organisations have to follow
which in construction industry. In these materials that are generated from project divided
according to usefulness so that unwanted particles can be dumped at right places.
Theme5. Ineffective waste management strategies are highly responsible for construction
wastage?
Why construction waste so much generated
on sites?
Particulars
Poor Handling 7
Unskilled workforce 5
Improper Management 3
Ineffective waste management strategies 15
Total 30
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Interpretation
The interpretation of the pie graph explains that why the construction work creates such huge
wastage. The interpretation explain that it is due to the ineffective waste management strategies
which are being done in the construction site and the ways in which the management is being
done at the construction sites. 50% of the respondent choose that it is due to ineffective
management and the 17% of the respondent believe that it is due to the unskilled workforce at
the construction sites which is causing them this issue in the construction sites. Poor handling of
the workers working in the construction site are 23% resulted by the respondents and the 10% of
respondents have agreed to the improper management at the construction site.
It can be evaluated song questionnaire outcome ineffective management strategy is one of
the reasons for wastage generation on construction site. As per the opinion of Ulubeyli, Kazaz
and Arslan, (2017), poor handling of raw material, unskilled workforce in organisation, improper
management, ineffective disposal strategies etc. are primary reasons for increasing wastage in
different area of country. It can also be seen that construction industry also not taking proper step
for or managing residual generated from construction classes. Government has to create a team
which look into this matter and hence effective management on wastage can be done.
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Theme6. Recycle, reduce and Reuse three of driver highly recommended for waste management
What type of drivers highly recommended
for wastage management on construction
sites?
Particulars
Reduce 3
Reuse 3
Recycle 4
Above all 20
Total 30
Interpretation
The interpretation of the pie concludes that the highly management for wastage management at
the construction firms include the majority of respondent’s choice with all of the above in the
situation. There are different answers in the question and the respondents agree to all the answers
which are given in the questionnaire. There are the options of the reduce and the reuse of the
material with recycling of the waste in the construction site. The respondents have choose and
respondent to the every option with 10% and 10% and 13% and the remaining to the all of the
above.
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It can be identified from survey result that triple R'(Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) become
effective in waste management. As per the opinion of Zhang, Y and et.al., (2017), most of
industry and government supporting 3R system which help in decreasing wastage and positively
impact on sustainable development of country. Raw materials that are not necessary can be
reduced as well as reuse whenever needed. Residual must be recycling in order to wastage
management in the country. It also decreases cost of project and firm will able to generate higher
profit with the help of it.
Theme7. Effective Management strategies can highly beneficial for reducing wastage that are
generated from construction
What are methods available for Balfour
Beatty plc to reduce wastage on
construction sites
Particulars
Training and development programs for
employees
3
Effective Management strategies 12
Proper supply chain management 6
Use three R(Reduce, Reuse, recycle) 9
Total 30
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Interpretation
The interpretation of the pie chart explain the result by the respondents. The majority of the
respondent on the methods to reduce the wastage at the construction site and the majority of the
40% of respondent agreed that it can be done due to effective management strategies at the
construction sites to improve the way and working. 30% of the respondents are agreed to use the
3r which represent the reduce, reuse and recycle of the wastage. 20% of respondents believe that
it require proper supply of chain management to reduce the wastage at the construction sites.
Results of survey help to understand methods of Balfour Beatty plc. to reduce wastage
different construction site in United Kingdom. As per the opinion of Kaza and et.al.(2018),
industries related to construction can use various types of strategy to decrease residual generation
such as launching training and development programs forward force related to it, implementation
of effective strategies related to management of disposal etc. Author also emphasizes that proper
supply chain management and triple R"(Reduce, reuse and Recycle) can become profitable in
dealing with such construction problem.
Theme8. Develop waste management Plan will be effective for tackling wastage challenges
Which one of method is use by firm to
overcome from wastage challenges by
Particulars
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Construction Company?
Develop waste management Plan 15
Proper use of inventory 3
Segregation of material for three R 9
Not all of them 3
Total 30
Interpretation
The graphical representation by the chart explain that the challenges which the firm face in
reducing the wastage and the responded have agreed to different opinion. Majority of 50% of
respondents believe and agreed that the firm need to make a developed waste management plan
to work on the wastage at the construction site and it is very important for the organization to use
the management plan. 30% of the respondents agreed that it is important to use and segregate the
material into the 3r which is reduce, reuse and recycle of the material at construction sites.
After obtain graphical data result, it can easily be said that waste management plan
development will be beneficial for tackling construction wastage. According to Ulubeyli, Kazaz
and Arslan, (2017), British firm using various methods to handle garbage data generated on
project sites. Organisation in UK started using modern system for inventory control and
Management so that wastage can be reduced or reuse. They also separated materials according to
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usefulness which decrease residual and hence increase Quality of work. In UK construction
industry recruiting project managers which have experience of different construction sites. so
that they will able to reduce wastage. Environment is continuing suffering from it and hence
various voluntary organisations come into front for helping industry.
Theme9. Stakeholder inclusion plays significant role in developing wastage management plan
Which steps taken into consideration for
making developing wastage management
plan by Balfour Beatty plc.
Particulars
Problem identification wastage factor 5
Coping Mechanism 5
Stakeholder inclusion 12
Above all 8
Total 30
Interpretation
The interpretation to the development wastage management plan in the organization and the pie
chart and graph is representing the views of the respondent. The 40% respondent agree that it is
stakeholder’s inclusion in this to develop the wastage management plan. 16% of the respondents
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believed the problem identification of wastage factors and the 175 are responding to the coping
mechanism with remaining choosing the all of the above answer in the respond.
Outcomes of survey emphasize that stakeholders play important role in development of
waste management plan. In the opinion of Hill and et.al., (2017), local community, municipality,
employees etc. highly contribute in managing garbage that generated from construction
industries for example: Municipality takes all wastage and segregate it so that useful particle can
be reuse or recycle. It became important for organisation to take help from stakeholder and
developing proper plan for waste management. Environment can be improved with the help of it
and sustainable development positively impacted.
Theme10. Participant strongly agree that Balfour Beatty plc benefited by using 3’R
Do you agree Balfour Beatty plc highly
profited by using three R’ (Reduce, Reuse,
Recycle) for waste management system?
Particulars
Strongly Agree 15
Agree 5
Neutral 5
Disagree 2
Strongly disagree 3
Total 30
26

Interpretation
The interpretation for the pie chart and graphical representation of the respondents answer to the
question. The majority of the respondnets agreed that using 3r management system is very
important to make the management system works and 50% of the respondents highly agreed to
this. The 17% of the respondents agee to this and 1% gave the neutral answer to this question.
The researcher found that the respondent agreed mostly to the 3r situation in the management
style and system in the organization working in construction site.
Questionnaire results focus is that triple R strategy become highly beneficial in waste
management system. In the view of Wahi, N and et.al., (2016), reduce, reuse and recycle is one
of the best option available for organisation to wastage management. Increasing pollution can be
tackle with the help of effective triple R strategy. Organisation has to implement change in
process of wastage management so that residual can be placed on right place and also take out
useful thing from it. In United Kingdom people shifted towards sustainable development and it
can only be possible by changing initial process system related to disposal of garbage.
Theme11. Respondent believes that Balfour Beatty succeeded in handling wastage challenges on
construction sites
Do you think Balfour Beatty plc is successful
in handling wastage problems at construction
Particulars
27

sites?
Yes 25
No 5
Total 30
Interpretation
The representation to this explain that majority of the respondents said yes to the question which
show that the organization is able to handle the waste in best ways.
It can be analysed from survey outcomes that Construction Company are getting success
in managing wastage problems that are generated from construction site. As per the opinion of
Ulubeyli, Kazaz and Arslan, (2017), government and industries joint efforts lead to decrease in
residual.
28

7. CONCLUSION
The current research that has been conducted in the research report was used to conduct a
very detailed analysis on the construction industry of UK and the variety of waste management
practices that are adopted in such industry and their operations. The study also focused on the
analysis of the sustainable development and its importance as well as the complexity that arises
in its integration in the construction projects. The research mainly focused on the case study of
Balfour Beatty Plc. and the different approaches that the company was using in order to gain the
potential advantages of sustainable development along with the waste management process of
the company.
The research was of key importance because it was important to properly analyse and
evaluate the aspect of waste management practices in the construction industries specifically
where there is a lot of untreated and leftover wastage mainly in the form of slurry. The research
was also important because it helped in resolving one key concern of every construction
company that how the aspect of sustainability can be interlinked with that of the waste
management so that it results in dual benefit to the company managers.
Additionally, the research conducted in literature review helped in identifying that waste
management is a detailed activity which involves a series of steps involving activities and sub-
activities that indirectly lead to the number of processes that are necessary to be completed. The
key sources of waste were identified and also the drivers of waste production mainly in UK were
identified which helped in understanding that there are a variety of legislative, fiscal and
business drivers which focus on the optimisation of the waste being generated leading to multiple
benefits of creating employment opportunities, reducing and removing the hazardous attributes
of the waste, meeting requirements of Corporate Social Responsibility etc. All of these have been
able to understand the multiple number of practices related to waste management in construction
industry.
The primary research analysis that was conducted in the report again is a major indicative of
the perspectives held by the employees of the Balfour Beatty Plc regarding the waste
management practices that the company is adopting and how they are successfully integrating
and adjusting the aspect of sustainability as well in the approaches that they have developed
towards waste management.
29

Firstly, the prevalence of sustainable management practices in the waste management and
the importance or criticality that these factors hold are also important to be analysed and
integrated in the better management and achieving higher results. It was identified that majority
of the respondents agreed to this statement. Further, the analysis of different sources that
contribute mainly in the waste generation in construction industry specifically were analysed
which indicated that residual and material handling are some of the key sources due to which
maximum of waste generation arises in Balfour Beatty. There was a discussion on the different
types of the construction wastes that can arise in company where the employees mainly
responded that all of the wastes are key contributors. This indicates that there is a wide variety
and quantum of waste that can probably arise in the construction and the importance behind the
better management of the waste thus generated.
Further the primary research findings indicated that cement was one of the major contributor
in the construction sites and the reason mainly behind increase waste generation was ineffective
strategies developed for waste management. This is in accordance with the fact that despite
multiple number of meeting being held and resources being used for improving the management,
Balfour Beatty still lacks in controlling and reducing the potential losses that can arise for the
company creating a negative purport for the company. There are some of the key drivers that
were identified as the mainly responsible parties for better waste management policies in
construction sites and all the three strategies of reduce, reuse and recycle were identified.
There was also a detailed analysis on the different methods that were available to the
company against better waste treatment and management indicating that robust management
strategies along with proper integration of the three R’s are main identifiers of the better and
comprehensive waste management.
Apart from the research already done, there is still a wider aspect that can be researched
and presented in future as well. The researcher has limited its scope to the integration of
sustainability practices only in the waste management but the different technological aspects that
can be linked with the research area. An exploration into how the optimisation of technological
aspects help in better management and addressing of the key issues that can arise in the waste
management practices. The practices can further be optimised in order to understand that how
their advancement and better implementation and integration can help in revolutionising the
entire process of waste management. researching into this facto will portray a wide aspect and
30

field which will help in the improved integration of organisational efficiency and waste
management strategies.
Therefore, the completion of the entire research helps in understanding that what are the
areas in which the management of the Balfour Beatty needs to focus more and integrate in a
better manner the practices that can optimise the waste management and treatment in Balfour
Beatty. The results also indicate a wider range of research that remains pending in the overall
evaluation of the waste treatment and management practices in construction industry.
31

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33

APPENDIX
Questionnaire :
Name:
Date:
1. Do you think waste and sustainable management adoption is necessary for Construction
Company?
Yes
No
2. What are sources of waste in construction industry?
Designing
Poor Handling of Material
Operation
Residual
3. What types of construction waste can be seen on its sites?
Brick
Concrete
Ferrous Metal
Masonry
Non ferrous metal
Above all
4. Which one material of percentage highest in construction sites?
Cement
Brick
Metals
Woods
5. Why construction waste so much generated on sites?
Poor Handling
Unskilled workforce
Improper Management
Ineffective waste management strategies
6. What type of drivers highly recommended for wastage management on construction
34

sites?
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Above all
7. What are methods available for Balfour Beatty plc to reduce wastage on construction
sites
Training and development programs for employees
Effective Management strategies
Proper supply chain management
Use three R(Reduce, Reuse, recycle)
8. Which one of method is use by firm to overcome from wastage challenges by
Construction Company?
Develop waste management Plan
Proper use of inventory
Segregation of material for three R
Not all of them
9. Which steps taken into consideration for making developing wastage management plan
by Balfour Beatty plc.
Problem identification of wastage factor
Coping Mechanism
Stakeholder inclusion
Above all
10. Do you agree Balfour Beatty plc highly profited by using three R’(Reduce, Reuse,
Recycle) for waste management system
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
11. Do you think Balfour Beatty plc is successful in handling wastage problems at
35

construction sites?
Yes
No
12. Recommend changes in sustainable development plan of Balfour Beatty plc
36