Understanding and leading a change

Please refer to the files attached

UNDERSTANDING
AND LEADING A
CHANGE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1 Managing the impact of change .......................................................................................3
PART A.......................................................................................................................................3
P1.................................................................................................................................................3
M1...............................................................................................................................................6
PART B.......................................................................................................................................6
P2 Internal and external drivers for changes:..............................................................................6
P3 & M2 Minimizing the negative impact of changes on organisational behaviour..................8
D1..............................................................................................................................................10
TASK 2 Leadership decision-making............................................................................................10
P4 & M3:...................................................................................................................................10
D2..............................................................................................................................................11
TASK 3 Leading change ...............................................................................................................12
P5 & M5 & D3: ........................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Leading change refers to such activity which is to be attained by the managers regarding
bringing changes in their existing working criteria. To bring changes in working, managers needs
to prepare their employees regarding adapting new strategies or process through innovating new
ideas and concept in their working methods. Thus, the impact on internal and external factors is
determined regarding initiating with the leading change that occurs in environment(Alava and
Mu, 2018). Present report is based upon the comparison of two companies regarding examining
the impact of change on their operations and strategies. The focus through which the changes are
undertaken is regarding the Sainsbury which is the third largest chain of supermarket in UK. This
concept was brought by John James Sainsbury in 1869.
Report will carry the matters relating to examining the changes which cause impact on
organization strategy and positions. It also includes the internal an external factors which drive
changes in organizational behaviour and leadership. Further, it also determines the barriers which
arises due to changes in leadership style regarding decision-making. At last, it ends up with
explaining the various leadership approaches that helps in dealing with the process of change.
TASK 1 Managing the impact of change
PART A
P1
In relation to undertaking the organization strategy, the focus on this report is the
Sainsbury company which is compared with the ASDA regarding dealing the business internally
and externally. ASDA carries to be the second largest position of supermarket in UK and such
concept was brought by Peter and Fred Asquith and Sir Noel Stockdale in 1949. As Sainsbury is
considered to be the third largest retailer company carrying the supermarket chain in UK. The
founder John James Sainsbury adapted the concept of opening the Sainsbury stores regarding
providing great food at reasonable prices (Zhao, Liu and Xue, 2019).
The driver for changes which they are adapting in their retailer store is to change the
Mission and vision of the company or the principles which they planned regarding undertaking
the matters or the measurement which they carry to identify the expenses incurred. By setting at
the position of the third largest retailer chain in UK, the Sainsbury company is compared with

the ASDA company and examining the leading changes which they had to adapted in near
future. The driver for change are resulting as follows:
Mission and vision:
The changes which the Sainsbury is planning to implement in their work is relating to the
initiating more on innovating the products, or using more creative ideas to promote the business.
They also enhance the attractive polices for the workers regarding retaining their interest towards
the business for longer way. The changes which the Sainsbury planned is relating to adapting the
strategies to secure the environment from various issues which affects the nature in wider ways
(Mazzei and Quaratino, 2017). As both the organization are dealing their business online, thus,
the major factors which is to be undertaken regarding bringing changes is relating to determining
the new techniques and strategies to attract customer through social media platform.
Pricing strategy:
The changes which is examined from market is relating to prices, thus in respect of both
companies the price war is established which results in changing the process of promoting the
products in market (Muluneh and Gedifew, 2018). Sainsbury's managers bring changes regarding
adapting the penetration pricing strategy to attract the customer while in case of Asda they use
the competitors pricing to retain at the standard position The impact arises regarding not
retaining the customer for longer way. Thus, organization had adapted this changes regarding
tracking the customer needs and approaching them with the most demanding products.
Process change:
In respect of process, the changes which the Sainsbury is undertaken regarding focusing
on group of people and examining the taste and needs regarding pertaining to particular products.
But in respect of ASDA they mainly focus on bringing changes regarding resources feasibility.
They provide flexibility to staff members to share their innovative ideas and thoughts with the
superiors. To overcome from these changes, Sainsbury adapts the strategies regarding bringing
more useful products so that they can reduce the waste in the company and also manages the
budgets in right way.
Thus, in relation to undertaking the organization changes, it mainly covers the matters
relating to bringing changes in strategies, process, technologies, culture and procedure to gain
profits in business. Some, of the examples of organizational changes reflects as:

 Management: As every person had different ideas and skills to bring innovative concepts
at work place and thus, it is necessary that changes is to be made in the management. So,
that new ideas are adapted to attain the task in more effective way. Competition: Due to facing continuous changes in environment, it is necessary that
changes are to be adapted so that they can bring changes in their daily working style. This
can be attained through examining the competitor's strategy by conducting research and
then setting the goal to achieve the objectives. Process: This is one of the necessary changes which is made by company regarding
bringing changes in their working techniques (Setiawan and Gunawan, 2019). For e.g.
The lean manufacturing process is adapted regarding removing the unnecessary waste or
equipment which increase the cost of the company. Cost cutting: This refers to cutting the extra expenses which is incurred by company in
respect of no use. For. e.g. In respect of design outlet regarding office work place,
employees are suggested to share the place with the team-mates. Through this manner,
they can save the extra expenses which is incurred through using extra place.
 People: In these aspects, the changes is to be made regarding removing the authorities or
reducing the power of top manger who restricts the ideas and thoughts of the employees.
Through these aspects, they motive the employees to share their ideas freely or also
initiate the task to work as team.
Bohner and Armoid Change impact theory:
In respect of planning and emerging changes which is examined in Sainsbury is relating
to adapting the theory of the Bohner and Armoid Change impact which arise on people and
process is that by identifying the capability or changes which is made or also estimating the
needs to be amended to being changes in attain the procedure of change. By applying this theory
is respect of bringing changes in Sainsbury working procedure regarding people and process is
stated as:
Step 1: By undertaking the procedure regarding bringing changes in people working style and the
process which the managers are using to achieve the set goal is to be changes due to availability
of the market trends. As in respect of Sainsbury, the people are demanding more quality products
with fair price (Williams and et.al., 2019).

Step 2: In respect of implementing the changes regarding motivating staff to work as team or the
process which the managers are using to assign weekly work is to be changed regarding
assigning day to day work. The impact of these changes arise regarding not handling the staff
personally and thus resulting in facing conflict regarding carrying different thoughts and views to
attain the task.
Step 3: The chances of undertaking this change and make it successful is less as it is difficult to
change the workers daily routine strategy and thus, lot of confusion is raised regarding not
managing the work on daily bases. But the positive sign which arise by applying this theory is
that the cost is reduced and also time is managed in better way. As if workers are working in
group, the mangers had trio convey only one person and not had to attend individual person
regarding their work scheduling.
M1
In relation to internal factors, the driver for changes are relating to the process which
resulting in motivating companies to bring changes in their process which they are using to
approach to customer. The changes demanded regarding not involving the employees in any of
the decision which affects the integrity and interest of the employees at work place. In respect of
external factors, the driver for changes are made according to the prices which the Sainsbury is
using to promote their products. As people are prefer more quality products at reasonable
pricing. Thus, the changes which the organization had to pertain is regarding bringing innovative
foods products in market.
PART B
P2 Internal and external drivers for changes:
The internal and external factors which resulting in driver for change is relating to
internal factor, it is related to people, systems, process, company mission statement and culture
and for external factors, it mainly related to the customer, competitors, technology, social factors.
In subject to the matters relating to internal drivers, the changes which are undertaken is
relating to carrying the SWOT analysis of the Sainsbury company and ASDA and through these
aspects the changes are driven: People: The major strength which is carried by Sainsbury is relating to issuing the
coupons to their customer in respect of getting extra discount on purchase of goods from

retail stores. ASDA provide rewards points to the customer which resulting in providing
extra benefits in their next shopping. The main strategy which they are undertaking is to
enhancing the employees needs and demands at work place (Jónasson and Lisboa, 2019).
Through these aspects the impact of changes occurs in team is examined as they are
motivated and dedicated to accomplish the task in respect of getting rewards and other
monetary benefits. The impact upon leadership arises regarding attracting them through
bringing more innovative ideas in business and for individual it carries regarding
undertaking loyalty and building trust regarding promoting the products. Systems: In these aspects, Sainsbury weakness is to kept low margin on prices which is
affected in respect of fluctuation in price rates. In case of ASDA they offer cheaper prices
than Sainsbury. In relation to brand switching, Sainsbury faces risk regarding not
focusing on particular brands. The drivers of changes in internal matters occurs in
relation to individual behaviours as it is difficult to retain the customer interest towards
the products for longer way.
 Process: Sainsbury gets the opportunity to deal with farmers regarding purchasing the
particular organic products. In such aspects, impact of these changes occurs regarding not
getting proper motivation from the leaders regarding adapting the right strategies. In case
of ASDA, they get the opportunity regarding expanding the business into different
countries. Thus, by using this procedure, the changes arises regarding carrying the
appropriate strategies to deal with the framer in respect of purchasing the products, but
this is undertaken by selecting the right method to avail such services in better way.
 Mission: As Sainsbury is working under the third position of the supermarket chain, thus
the major competition which they are facing is with the asda company (Jackson and et.al.,
2019). ASDA mission is to provide quality products but not stable the business due to
changes in prices of the products. It considered to be the major threats of Sainsbury and
for that the drivers for changes occurs in respect of building the strong leadership skills,
which results in managing the ideas and creativity of the employees in right manner.
Thus, from above perspective in respect of Sainsbury, the changes which are affected in
leadership behaviours is that by setting the similar goal for every employee to accomplish the
task within the set time period. As every employee had different style of completing the work
and also the strategies which they use is also different. Thus, the impact regarding managing the

employees on similar goal arise and also which results in bringing changes in their exiting
working.
In relation to external factors, the aspects which driven the changes in the organization is
relating to:
 Social factors: In the case of Sainsbury, the impact arise regarding changes in taste of the
customer, or they are focusing more on the organic foods. In respect of ASDA, by
examining the population resulting in focusing him to bring changes in their strategies.
 Environmental factors: The impact arise due to changes in weather condition which
resulting in wastages of raw materials or products due to natural calamites. This also
results in bringing variation in quality of the products (Thornton, Usinger and Sanchez,
2019). In case of ASDA it results in causing driver for changes regarding adapting the
organic foods or reducing pollution in country.
 Technology: This faces impact regarding adapting innovative technology to promote the
products in market. In respect of ASDA the changes arise regarding carrying the
innovative technology such as superfast broadband and other mobile app services.
In such aspects, the factors which driver the changes of leadership is that they had to plan
new strategies regarding innovating new concept to retain the customer needs. In respect of team
work, the quality maintained is the biggest challenges and thus through driver changes the issues
arise regarding bringing changes in their routine work within the organization.
P3 & M2 Minimizing the negative impact of changes on organisational behaviour
The factors which resulting in causing negative impact of changes in organization is
resulting to the nature of the workforce which the employees are carrying regarding attaining the
work. As the employees which attained the age of 50 mainly focus on helping other to attain the
task, the employees who attain the 35 mainly carry the loyalty at work place regarding attaining
the work by themselves. The employees who are the youngest are more focused towards their
careers. Thus, the major impact which arise due to bringing changes affects the 50-year plus
employees. Thus, the major impact of changes arises due to lack of set standards productivity or
employees retention or lack of knowledge and skills regarding adapting advanced technology
(Impact Analysis, 2018).

In respect of minimizing the negative impact of changes, Sainsbury can apply the system
theory in which they can impose aspects regarding minimizing the impact on the following
aspects such as:
Internal aspects:
By applying this theory, the negative impact of changes can be minimized through:
Management and structure: As due to facing changes in working style, the major impact arise
from the side of employees regarding not adapting the changes easily. Thus, through setting the
smaller goal instead of long term goal, the risk is reduced.
Managing internal process: This is also one the negative aspects which is faced by Sainsbury
regarding not accepting the changes. This can be managed through setting the particular time for
every group of employees to use the resources (Arena and Uhl-Bien, 2016). If the matters is
related to technology or any software, then appropriate time is set for employees to use it in
better scale.
External aspects:
The changes in Sainsbury working is analysed regarding changes in demand of the
customer regarding pertaining to particular products.
Work load on employees: Through these aspects, the changes in organization is analyses
regarding putting load on workers to bring some innovative ideas to change the integrity of the
existing products. In such aspects the impact raise regarding not working as team to accomplish
the task or not taking extra load of work to be completed within the set time period (Ruben and
Gigliotti, 2017).
System: Thus, by applying this system theory in this procedure, the impact is to be reduced
through motivating the staff to work as team. Through this manner, the chances of risk is less
and also goals is to be accomplished within the set time period.
Similarly, in case of ASDA if the comparison is done regarding applying the theories to
minimize the impact of changes, this can be attained through applying the Burke Litwin model, it
helps in analysing the useful changes in management and also its impact upon the changes in
management (Burke-Litwin: The Performance and Change Model, 2017).
Process: The impact of changes in ASDA can be reduced through carrying the leadership style
theory in which the flexibility is to be given to employees to share their reviews and thoughts

regarding attaining the particular work. Through this, the negative impact of the changes can be
reduced and also it enhances the strong connectivity between the leaders and employees.
D1
From the above study, the changes which are undertaken in business is mainly adapted
regarding bringing new strategies at work place or also the market trends are changing which
resulting in enhancing the working style of company. The major impact regarding bringing
changes arises on employees and also the research and development department. Thus, the
factors which are examined regarding internal and external matters are also discussed in this
report. The factors which is to be recommended to the Sainsbury regarding planning for changes
is examined:
 Before adapting any changes, the discussion is to be undertaken with the employees so
that they also feel that they are the part of the business.
 If changes are made through undertaking high security programming in business for more
security of data, it is necessary that skilled and trained person are appointed who can
easily resolve the issues which arise from technology.
 In relation to undertaking the change impact analysis, Sainsbury mainly apply the
Boghner and Arnoid theory to analyse the changes which bring impact in Sainsbury
working style. By applying this theory, it results in bringing changes in internal working
through providing flexibility at work place. Through this manner more innovative ideas is
generated which results in enhancing the business for longer way.
TASK 2 Leadership decision-making
P4 & M3:
By applying the force field analysis in business, it helps the leaders to stipulate the
accurate strategies regarding undertaking the right decision-making. In context of examining the
barriers for changes in internal factors, it results in carrying following aspects such as:
Driving force: This force is mainly adapted in respect of initiating business to bring changes in
their working criteria. It also forces company to bring changes in their policies and also the
procedure which they adapted to retain the interest of the employees towards the business for
longer way. In the case of Sainsbury, the changes which is to be adopted by the organization is
relating to the:

 In respect of internal matters, the employees who are working in Sainsbury are
demanding renovation in their offices which mainly dedicates them to work harder.
 The changes are also to be made in relation to speeding up the production regarding
getting availability of the products which are high in demand (Nawaz and Khan_ PhD,
2016).
Thus, in such manner driving is undertaken regarding demanding the changes which is
the basic amenities of the Sainsbury to retain the customer interest towards the company for
longer way.
In context of external factors, the changes which are demanding is carried as:
Resisting force: This is mainly undertaken regarding imposing forces to stop from making
changes in Sainsbury. The factors which can be undertaken as follows:
 In context of speeding up the production, the resisting forces is applied in respect of costs
management. As if the company had to not mange the cost in right manner or also the
budgets not carried the extra profits, then it carried the stoppage in making changes.
 In relation to demanding of new products by customer, the stoppages arises regarding not
working as a team to bring any innovative ideas or implement them to gain more
advantages to the business. As employees are not ready to bring any changes in their
working style, and they work according to the set norms which is guided by them. Thus,
in such manner it stops them to bring changes as per the set demand raised from market.
In such aspects, it influences the decision-making of leaders regarding not selecting the
best methods to retain the employees interest towards the business for longer way (Grandy and
Sliwa, 2017). As leader's role is to motivate the staff and also resolve the issues which they are
facing regarding attaining the work. Thus, leaders style are changes as per the nature of the
employees working at premises. Through this manner they can adapt the day to day management
style to manage the employees work personally and also adapts the changes in better way.
D2
By applying the force field analysis in decision-making it results in examining two forces
through which the objectives of the Sainsbury is determined. As the positive aspects of applying
this theory is that it helps company to work with similarity due to market trends. It helps in
reducing the unwanted items in business through which the impact on environment occurs. The

negative aspects of applying this theory is that it result in facing lack of retention of employees at
work place.
TASK 3 Leading change
P5 & M5 & D3:
Sainsbury applied different leadership theories regarding dealing with the changes which
is undertaken in the business. For e.g. if they are facing miscommunication with the employees
than as per undertaking this situation, it carries the following theories such as:
 Trait theory: In this theory, no person is build to be perfect or deal with any task in their
own until they are guided in right manner (Ruben and Gigliotti, 2017). Thus, this theory
helps leaders to deal with the person from the starting point and also trained them to be
expertise in that particular task. In this situation theory, leaders play the role regarding
enhancing communication by using different modes to convey their thoughts to
employees.
 Situational leadership theory: In this theory, leaders applied different strategies
depending upon the particular situation. As every employee had different style and
perspective, regarding attaining the work, thus, in this case leaders use different strategies
to deal with the employees regarding enhancing their interest towards the work.
In relation to undertaking the leadership approaches, the model relating to Lewin's
change model is applied by Sainsbury regarding managing the situation depends upon three
stages such as:
Unfreeze: In this stage, the leaders of the Sainsbury reached to manager regarding providing the
accurate document in which the changes in the organization working is required. For e.g.
Leaders found the company must changes their promotional techniques which is demanded by
customer due to undertaking the market trends.
Change: In this planning is to be undertaken with other members of the company regarding
bringing changes in their existing working strategies (Thornton, Usinger and Sanchez, 2019).
Refreeze: After attaining the changes which is demanded in company, they further initiate with
the planning regarding bringing changes in their strategy. Once the changes are refreeze, training
session are organized for employees regarding providing adequate knowledges and expertise
about the innovative strategies which is adapted by company.

Thus, from above discussion, it is stated that by applying leadership models and
approaches in business, resulting in undertaking success and also enhances retention of
employees in business. The stability of the company depends upon the employees interest
towards the work and improvement in productivity relating to quality and timely dispatch of
goods. The negative impact of applying these theories is that it bound the employees to limit
their views and not allow the employees to use it for bringing better changes in business.
CONCLUSION
From the above study, the report concluded that change is the necessary procedure which
must be adapted by companies regarding attracting customer through new and innovative ideas.
In respect of Sainsbury, the changes are undertaken in which the impact arises to the employees
regarding not changing their working style to accomplish the task. The impact arises regarding
lack of retention of employees as comparison to ASDA company is also determined and thus the
aspects relating to internal and external changes which requires driver for changes are
undertaken. The role of leaders is important at work place and thus through their effective
decision and strategies, it results in enhancing the long term growth of business and also
resulting in sustaining the position in emerging market.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alava, R. P. and Mu, J. M., 2018. PEST Analysis Based on A Case Study for. Neutrosophic Sets
and Systems, p.84.
Arena, M. J. and Uhl-Bien, M., 2016. Complexity leadership theory: Shifting from human
capital to social capital. People and Strategy. 39(2). p.22.
Grandy, G. and Sliwa, M., 2017. Contemplative leadership: The possibilities for the ethics of
leadership theory and practice. Journal of Business Ethics. 143(3). pp.423-440.
Jackson, S.E. and et.al., 2019. Changes in health and wellbeing in the years leading up to a
cancer diagnosis: a prospective cohort study. Cancer Prevention Research. 12(2).
pp.79-88.
Jónasson, P. and Lisboa, T., 2019. Leading Changes through a Study on Memorisation:
Professional Musicians as Researchers. In Leadership of Pedagogy and Curriculum in
Higher Music Education (pp. 133-149). Routledge.
Mazzei, A. and Quaratino, L., 2017. The Influence of the Organizational and Managerial
Context on Employee Internal Voice and Brand Ambassador Behaviour: A Study of a
Retail Company. Journal of Management & Change.
Muluneh, G. S. and Gedifew, M. T., 2018. Leading changes through adaptive design. Journal of
Organizational Change Management.
Nawaz, Z. A. K. D. A. and Khan_ PhD, I., 2016. Leadership theories and styles: A literature
review. Leadership. 16(1). pp.1-7.
Ruben, B. D. and Gigliotti, R. A., 2017. Communication: Sine qua non of organizational
leadership theory and practice. International Journal of Business Communication.
54(1). pp.12-30.
Setiawan, D. P. and Gunawan, H., 2019. THE EFFECT OF JOB SATISFACTION AND
ORGANIZATION COMMITMENT TO JOB PERFORMANCE THROUGH
ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) AS MEDITATION
VARIABLE (EMPIRIS STUDY ON PT. BANK MANDIRI AT JAKARTA). Business
and Entrepreneurial Review. 18(1). pp.1-18.
Thornton, B., Usinger, J. and Sanchez, J., 2019. Leading Effective Building Level Change.
Education. 139(3). pp.131-138.
Williams, D. and et.al., 2019. IL4 receptor mediated metabolic changes contribute to histone
acetylation leading to metastatic progression in breast cancer.
Zhao, J., Liu, H. and Xue, W., 2019. PEST Embedded SWOT Analysis on China's E-Commerce
Industry Development Strategy. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations
(JECO), 17(2), pp.55-68.
ONLINE
Burke-Litwin: The Performance and Change Model. 2017. Online. Available through:
<https://www.accipio.com/eleadership/mod/wiki/view.php?id=1848>.
Impact Analysis. 2018. Online. Available through: <https://www.toolshero.com/decision-
making/impact-analysis-ia/>.