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Understanding and Leading Change (PDF)

   

Added on  2020-11-12

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Understandingand LeadingChangeTable of Contents

INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................1TASK 1...............................................................................................................................1P1. Comparison of various organisational examples where change has impactedfunctioning.....................................................................................................................1P2. Examining internal and external drivers for change management in leadership,decision making and individual behaviours...................................................................4P3. Measures that can be considered for minimising negative impacts of change......7TASK 2.............................................................................................................................10P4 Barriers of changes and their impact upon leadership decision making inorganizational content.................................................................................................10TASK 3.............................................................................................................................12P5.Covered in PPT......................................................................................................12CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................12REFERENCES.................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTIONOrganisational change refers to a process that deals with bringing about achange in an organisation's strategies, policies and procedures, working culture etc. Itcan occur in both forms either on a continuous basis or in short time intervals. Theconcept of organisational change is mainly interdisciplinary in nature and draws fromdifferent fields such as psychology, sociology, political backgrounds etc (Understandingand leading change. 2018). Organisational changes are basically small or bigalterations that a business concern brings in on a timely basis for achieving its overallgoals and objectives (Alvesson and Sveningsson, 2015). These changes are mainlydone when standards of a company are altered. Organisational changes focusses oremphasizes on phases that a company goes through while they develop. This reporthas been made on Marks and Spencer. It is a UK based multinational business concernwhich has its area of operations in retail sector. It was founded in the year 1884 and hasaround 1000 stores in overall Europe. In the present report, emphasis has been madeon various roles, approaches and theories that can be applied to leaders along withvarious barriers of change. This report also focusses on various tools that influencedecision making. Lastly, ways in which negative impact of organisational change can beminimised are stated in this report. TASK 1P1. Comparison of various organisational examples where change has impactedfunctioning.Organisational structure is a quite important aspect that helps in effectivedevelopment of a company. Organisational structure of a company is mainly based onits policies and working culture as well. It is basically a system that explains how anactivity should be performed so that business operations can be carried out smoothly.These activities are made up from a combination of various factors such as roles,responsibilities, rules and so on (Aslan and Reigeluth, 2013). Organisational culturealso plays an important role in the flow of information from one level to another. Thiscan have both positive as well as negative impact on business. Hence to enhance14

productivity and overcome barriers it is necessary that managers perform their functionsin an effective manner.In the present scenario, Marks and Spencer has been considered which is aleading business firm in retail sector with around 1000 stores. But with current markettrends, it has been noticed that even they need to evaluate their performance andaccordingly bring out alterations or modifications that will help them in their long termgrowth and sustainability (Brown, 2012). While on the other hand, its competitors ZaraSA is a Spanish fast fashion retail sector company that has its headquarters in Arteixo,Galicia. It was founded in the year 1975 by Amancio Ortega and Rosalia Mera. It isworld's largest apparel retailer. Main aim of this business entity is to establish its brandimage by providing high quality branded clothes to its customers. ZARA uses RFIDchips in its tags for keeping a check on the stock. Bothy the companies that to undergosome organisational changes so as to promote their overall sustainability (Doppelt,2017). A comparison between both the brands based on various drivers of change hasbeen stated as under:BasisMarks and SpencerZARATechnological changesIn case of M&S, managersfollow a trend where theyalter and adopt newtechnology at regularintervals. This helps them ingaining a competitiveadvantage over rival firms(Glass and Cook, 2016).Also they have madestrategies regardingintroduction of technicalchanges in their area ofproductions and operationalZARA deals in fast fashionretail sector and provideshigh quality branded clothesfor its customers. ZARAhas initiated a number ofcustomised designer outletswhere custom built LEDdisplays are put. Theselights help in highlighting theproducts as well as featuresof customised ZARA stores(Hrebiniak, 2013). Thedisplays are designed in14

Technologies adoptedcycle as well. Managers of M&S haveadopted a Storm weartechnology in their productsby which they are able tomake products that keeptheir customers safe fromrain and other climaticconditions. This provided astrategic edge to thecompany as no other firmwas using this technology(Keppel and et. al., 2012).such a way that it attractcustomers and providesthem information aboutstores in a hip stylizedfashion. ZARA has adopted RFIDchips technology that isattached with tags of clothes(Kotter, 2012). These RFIDtags are located basically insecurity tags and removedafter a clothing ispurchased. This chip helpsthe company to quicklybring in inventory byautomatically detectingradio signals. Structural ChangesIn case of structuralchanges, M&S is foundresponsible for bringingabout a modification instructure of departmentalstores in UK by bringingmodifications in clothing aswell as home teams(MacKian and Simons,2013). These changes forman integral part of a hugeFor undertaking expansionof business operations,ZARA has initiated anumber of changes in itsstructure as they haveopened new designerboutiques for theircustomers where clothescan be manufactured on apersonalised basis.14

transformational plan that isinitiated by the company.This helps in dealing withcontinuously dropping salesand also enhance theprofits of the company. Differences in Organisational Approaches to ChangeAlthough both the companies deal in same sector yet have a number ofdifferences in their organisational structure. The core business approach of Marks andSpencer involves undertaking a structural process with a number of steps such asanalysis of market gap, reviewing variances between current and desirableperformances in an organisation and also bringing modifications in their overalloperational activities (NHS England, 2016). On the other hand in case of ZARA,managers focus on developing a continuous evaluation system that examines thechanges happening in internal as well as external environment. Also, they check all thenecessary changes that are needed to be implemented in the company. These changesare also communicated to employees of ZARA so that their confidence level ismaintained and they even support in such changes thereafter. Also they have their mainfocus upon customer's demands and accordingly bring about modifications. This furtherleads to long term customer sustainability.Similarities in Organisational Approaches to ChangeThere are few similarities in both the companies that are chosen i.e. Marks andSpencer and Zara. Some similarities that are present in both the companies are thattheir area of functioning is retail sector. Another significant similarity happens to occurbetween their approaches by which changes are implemented. Both these businessconcerns adopt changes in such a way that any new modifications that are brought inthe products and services of these companies increase effectiveness of the business14

processes (Stanleigh, 2013). Also, it helps in fulfilling customer requirements andensuring long term sustainability. P2. Examining internal and external drivers for change management in leadership,decision making and individual behaviours.Change is an essential element of every business entity. Without bringing abouta change in the structure and business processes no organisation can flourish anddevelop in today's fast rapidly changing world. Every company today aims towardsbringing about changes as if companies do not practice major changes in their businessthen achieving a competitive edge over rival firms will be highly difficult. Also, customerbase will be hampered that will further affect sustainability of a firm (Thomas and et. al.,2013). There are various factors that have both positive as well as negative impacts thatan organisation may have to go through and also affect overall functionality of acompany. When these factors get altered the structure and functioning of anorganisation also needs alterations. Drivers of change: Drivers of change refers to the factors which areresponsible for bringing about a change in the overall functioning of an industry. Theseare forces that encourage or influence companies to bring about changes in their overallactions.Changes or alterations that occur in a company are also known to change role ofleaders and thereby have a significant impact on role performed by leaders in anorganisation. In context of change in leadership, leaders need to follow or considerappropriate policies and procedures which may help their teams and subordinates intimely achieving their goals and objectives (Ashley and Empson, 2013). It is importantthat people follow instructions of their superior managers and adopt changes in anorganisation positively. In organisational context, changes occur due to various internalas well as external factors . A combination of both internal as well as external drivers forchange has been explained as under: Internal drivers for change and their impact:Internal drivers for change are basically driving forces that may be present in theform of situations, events or things that are occurring inside the control of a business14

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