Understanding Different Types of Functions and Structures of Organisations
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This assignment report covers various types of business organisations, their legal structures, purposes, scope, and interrelation between organisational functions and objectives.
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UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENT TYPE OF FUNCTIONS AND STRUCTURES OF ORGANISATIONS
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1 P1 Mention various purpose and types of private, voluntary and public sectors along with their legal structure......................................................................................................................1 P2 Discuss about scope and size of various kind of business organisations...............................4 TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5 P3 Mention the relationship between organisational functions and the way they are related with organisational structure and objectives...............................................................................5 TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7 P4 Acknowledge the negative and positive influence of macro environment on business operations including examples....................................................................................................7 TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9 P5 Carry out external and internal analysis of a business firm to acknowledge its weaknesses and strengths................................................................................................................................9 P6 Mention how the weaknesses and strengths have interrelation with the external and internal factors..........................................................................................................................10 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
INTRODUCTION Organisational function is referred as a core procedure or a set of various activities which are performed by the departments in a business firm. These functions include IT, marketing, customer service, warehousing, financing etc. organisational structure is basically a system which outlines the manner in which through with activities and operations are carried out so that organisational goals can be attained(Clarke, Li and Xu, 2016). This assignment report is performed in context with British Airways which is one of the biggest UK airline, headquartered in Harmondsworth, UK. In terms of passenger carried and fleet size, this organisation is second largest UK airline. This assignment report is going to cover about varied kind of business firms along with their different legal structure and purposes. After this, size and scope of different business firms is discussed and role of organisational interrelationship is carried out. Also, macro and micro business environment is investigated so that weaknesses and strength associated with a business are carried out in a proper manner. TASK 1 P1 Mention various purpose and types of private, voluntary and public sectors along with their legal structure In general, all the business organisations are divided into three kinds i.e. voluntary, private and public organisations. companies operating in different sector have their own mission, purposes and legal structures which differentiate them from other business firms. In this context, types and purpose of different sector organisation are stated below: PublicSectorOrganizations:Thissectorofbusinessfirmscomprisesofthose organisation which are managed, run, owned and financed by the government authorities and their officials. Main purpose of public companies is to provide welfare and support to common people so that they can earn a good livelihood. For instance, NHS which is public organisation offering health care service to people.Purpose:The major purpose behind these firms is to provide high quality care to the people in UK so that they can sustain a good life(Deasy and et. al., 2016). National health service ď‚·Product and services: This organisation offers health benefits and associated care service like eye care, medical care etc. to their customers. 1
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ď‚·Size and scope:This business firm have around 200 health centres and clinics within UK and these centres are managed by more than 1 million service providers. Scope of company is very broad as they spends around 116 billion pounds every year to serve needy persons. ď‚·Vision and mission:Vision of company is to offer free health facilities and treatment to the common people and their mission is to provide good health to all the people in UK. ď‚·Business objective:This company has the objective to offer emergency treatment to the common people so that they can live disease free life without worrying about financial issues. ď‚·Stakeholders:Service providers, patients, investors and local community are their main stakeholders. Legal structure: ď‚·Central government:This governmental tier collects funds from people in the form of taxes. This kind of government have the accountability of entire nation(Deshpande, 2018). ď‚·Local government:These government authorities gather funds from people in the form of council tax and they have the jurisdiction to resolve and manage all the affairs associated with cities, local area, towns etc. ď‚·State government:This government authority have the power and jurisdiction to manageoverallaffairofastate.Thisgovernmenttierisaccountabletocentral government for their actions. Privatesectororganisations:Thesebusinessorganisationsaresetup,operatedand managed by individuals on private basis. This type of organisations can either manage their work through partnership or on individual basis. One example in this context is British Airways which is a UK based flag carrier airline, offering their services in global manner.Purpose:Major purpose of these organisation is to attain maximised revenues and sales so that they can became market leader in their respective field. British Airways ď‚·Product and Services:This company provides airline services to their customers in global context. 2
ď‚·Size and scope:Fleet size of firm is 279 and it provides its services for 183 destinations which shows their size of company is big. As this company operates globally and earns a revenue of more than 13,000 million pounds each year, scope of organisation is big. ď‚·Vision and mission:Vision of firm is to became market leader in field of airlines and associated service. Mission of firm is to provide high quality service to their customers. ď‚·Business Objectives:Main objective of firm is to acquire maximised profits so that they can gain business advantage over rivals in a productive manner(Erasmus, Strydom and Rudansky-Kloppers, 2016). ď‚·Stakeholder:Stakeholders for British airlines are their employees, suppliers, investors, managers and other people which are related with organisation. Legal Structures: ď‚·Sole proprietorship:In this legal structure, an individual set up, manage and run entire business on individual basis. All the revenues, profits and risks associated with this business are managed by a single individual only. In order to operate as a sole proprietor, an individual needs license from local authority. ď‚·Partnership:In this kind of business, two or more individuals operates and manage their business by carrying out investing in business. Shares of all the partners can be different and associated risks & profits of business will be distributed among them as per their investment in business. In case of legal obligations, they follow same rules as sole traders. ď‚·Limited Company:To become a limited organisation, organisations requires to register themselves as either public or private limited. Profits linked with these businesses are shareby shareholdersaspertheir shares. Theseorganisationspayscorporatetax according to the earned profitability. For instance, British Airways(Evans and et. al., 2017). Voluntaryorganisations:Thesebusinessorganisationsinvolvesanassociationof different peoplethat came forward to work together with the aim of serving people. These companies are funded by government for their activities and operations. One instance in this context is OXFAM.Purpose:Main purpose of these organisation is to provide good quality services and facilities to the residents of near by areas & other needy people so that each individual can spend a healthy life. 3
OXFAM ď‚·Product and Services:This firm provide health benefits to the people which are traumatised by natural disasters, poverty etc. ď‚·Size and scope:Organisation provide their service in more than 94 countries and engaged more than 2000 local partners to provide their service to people. This shows size of company is high. Scope for firm is wide as around 50,000 volunteers are engaged with firm to support their business activities. ď‚·Vision and mission:Vision of firm is to eliminate poverty in global context. Mission of Oxfam is to serve each people which is getting impacted by natural disasters and poverty. ď‚·Business Objectives:To provide comfortable life to people free from issues like poverty. ď‚·Stakeholders:Staff members, suppliers, trustees and volunteers of company are their major stakeholders. Legal structure: ď‚·Trust:These kind of firms are not a legal entity which means that these organisation do not prefer to enter any specific agreement and serve the customers as per their targets. Oxfam which is a voluntary organisation came under this legal structure(Grewal and et. al., 2015). ď‚·Association:These organisation also do not come under legal entity but they have an agreement and perform their work until they achieve a specific and common goal behind serving people. P2 Discuss about scope and size of various kind of business organisations Small organisation:These type of organisation posses limited growth and scope as their business is managed at very small scale. These companies hire less than 60 workers and earn revenues less than 9 million.Main objective of these companies is to earn stable sales so that they can enjoy a healthy living lifestyle. Market share of these companies are very limited and their profit shares depends upon their overall revenues. In order to grow their businesses, these organisation work hard to increase their operability scale. For example, New London Cafe. Mediumorganisation:Size of these business is limited and their scope is moderate as they operates in a specific region only. These firms hire less than 280 workers and earns a sales of around 50 million pounds per annum. Main objective of these firms is to expand their business so that they can reach to the level of large scale organisations. Profit and market share of these 4
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organisations are high as they have the motive to became market leader in respective region. To achievegrowth,thesecompaniespreferinnovativeideasandtechniques.Forinstance, Rowlinson Knitwear(Hillary, 2017). Largeorganisation:These kind of business organisations needs heavy investment and human power as their size and scope is unlimited. This is because these companies perform their work in global context. These organisations have more than 280 employees and earn higher than 50 million pounds every year. Profits and market share of these companies is very high and to sustain a high growth these companies, operate and targets global audience. For instance, M&S. TASK 2 P3 Mention the relationship between organisational functions and the way they are related with organisational structure and objectives Organisational functions includes the set of business operations and activities which are performed within a business firm. Basic type of organisational functions are human resource, finance, marketing, IT, production, sales etc. Interrelation in different functions of an British Airways and their relation with objectives and structure is mentioned below: ď‚·Marketing and finance department:Marketing team in a business firm have the responsibility to carry out market research so that needs and opinions of people can be identified. Finance team of a company have the role to delegate funds and finances to the marketing team so that they can perform their work in a proper manner. In return, marketing team helps them in finding investors so that British Airways will not face shortage of revenues. Hence, these departments are needed to work together. If these departments will not operate in united manner, marketing team will not get requires capital to perform work and finance team will be short of money. This will leads to disruption in smooth working of organisation. ď‚·Finance and HR department:Role of finance function is to deal with funds and finances of company and prepares an appropriate budget so that all the activities of organisation can be performed in an estimated capital. HR function of a firm have the role to hire, select and train workforce so that these employees can perform their departmental work in a proper manner. In order to perform their work, HR team in British Airways requires a proper budget which is allotted by finance team and in return 5
of this HR department hires skilled employees that work in finance team and allow the department to achieve their target. Hence, these departments works in interrelation and without working together, HR team will not get appropriate funds to recruit talented employees and finance team will not have skilled workforce to perform work(Huang and et. al. 2013). ď‚·HR and marketing department:HR department in British Airways recruit right persons which work in marketing department and overall activities of considered department are carried out in a productive manner. If Human resource team will not perform their work efficiently,unskilledemployeeswillbehiredthatwillbeunabletoperform organisational work. Also, marketing team promote the organisational vacancies due to which large number of people came and apply for the job. Due to this HR team is able to selected desired candidates. In this way, these departments perform work in coordination and helps the organisation in gaining high revenues and profits in a proper manner. Advantage and disadvantage of interrelation among organisational function Advantage:DuetogoodinterrelationamongorganisationalfunctionslikeHR, marketing, finance, sales, IT etc. all the work of a company can be carried out before deadlines. This will help the firm in performing complex work in a simplified manner so that organisational efficiency can be reduced. By this, company will attain high revenues and profits. Disadvantage:Therearesomedisadvantageswhicharerelatedwiththegood interrelation among organisational functions. Due to good relation in different departments like finance, HR, production etc., they will be more reliable on one another and feel reluctant in showing their actual working potential. Due to this, efficiency of British Airways can be compromised and overall profits of company may suffer. Link of business functions with organisational objectives If all the functions in an organisation will be able to perform their work in a proper manner, complex situations can be handled and managed through efficient means. For example, if marketing team will perform their work in efficient manner, this will helps the finance team, production team, finance team and sales team to carry out their respective tasks in a timely and strategic manner. By this, overall revenues and sales of organisation will enhance. This will further helps the company in achieving their objectives and targets in a proper manner without any difficulty(Khan and Quaddus, 2015). 6
Linkage of organisational function with organisational structure Organisational structure of British Airways is divisional in which different functions of a company are divided into regional or product divisions. These divisions can be carried out either in context with geography or any other criteria. Different divisions in British Airways are provided requires functions and resources so that they can perform their work without any interruption. This means that each division posses separate finance, HR, marketing, sales, IT and R&D department so that all the divisional work can be performed without any shortcoming. This kind of organisational structure is very useful for a large scale organisation like British Airways asfacingfailureat singledivisionisnot going toimpactsthe overallprofitabilityand performance of company. But, there is one disadvantage of this divisional structure that they can involve operational inefficiencies which are very different from specialised functions. Also, this structure can increase taxes of company. TASK 3 P4 Acknowledgethenegativeandpositiveinfluenceofmacroenvironmenton business operations including examples In order to identify the negative and positive impact of macro environment on business activities and operations of British Airways, PESTLE analysis can be used. This analysis will help the company in analysing those external factors that can impacts a firm in a considerable manner. PESTLE for British Airways is discussed below: ď‚·Political factors:BA is one of the biggest international airline which provide fleeing services at more than 400 geographic destinations in global context. Aspect like political stabilityandsafetyofpeopleisessentialpoliticalfactorsforBritishAirways. Government in UK is highly stable due to which regulations for Airline service do not change often. Also, government support this sector as it helps in generating huge revenues. This aspects favour British Airlines but due to Brexit, political stability has faced some setbacks which can impact concerned company in negative manner. ď‚·Economic factors:Aspects like currency exchange rates, inflation rate, interest rates and other economical elements has an important impact on the working of British Airways. People in UK have economic stability due to which they can afford transportation via airlines. This factor is in favour of BA sales. Also, reduce rate of oil in UK impact 7
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company in a positive manner. After great recession of 2018, inflation in UK has increased which can impact organisation in negative way. ď‚·Social factor:This element of PESTLE analysis is related with the perception, opinion, value, choice and preference of people which are residing in a geographic region. People in UK are modern and open minded due to which they are habitual of vacations and trips. Due to this, scope of British Airways in UK is high. This impacts the concerned organisation in a positive manner.But, preference of people in UK changes at a fast pace. In future if they avoid travelling via planes, this will impact the revenues and sales of BA in negative manner(KozubĂková, Homolka and Kristalas, 2017). ď‚·Technological factor:These kind of factors are associated with the technological advancement of a company to attract maximum number of customers. UK is treated as one of the most advanced country where people prefer high technology services so that they can save their time. In this context, BA is needed to update their machines and technology on regular basis so that customers can be served and treated in a proper manner. It will influence the business operations of company in affirmative way. ď‚·Legal factors:The legal aspects are associated with the legal norms, procedures and regulations of the nation in which they are operating. Legal laws in UK are very strict and it is important for business organisation to follow them in a proper manner otherwise they may have to pay high fines and penalties. Laws related to airline sector are very strict but favours concerned companies. This will influence BA positively but if company will not be able to serve their customers as per regulations then victims can file a lawsuit that will degrade the reputation of organisation in negative manner. ď‚·Environmental factors:These aspect are based on environment, ecology and preserving nature so that all living beings can live a healthy life. In this context, government of each country have formulated some environmental laws that must be abided by the respective organisations to operate in a region. In case of UK, each company has to prepare environmental assessment report in which company will shows that their activities are not harming environment in any way. Air planes are operated on fuels which degrade environment. This aspects impacts BA in negative manner but as company maintains their air planes on regular basis, impact on environment is less. This elements is in favour of company. 8
TASK 4 P5 Carry out external and internal analysis of a business firm to acknowledge its weaknesses and strengths To acknowledge strengths and weaknesses of an organisation in a proper manner, SWOT framework can be utilised by the manager in British Airways. This framework will help the concerned firm in acknowledging their positive aspects along with those elements which are needed to be changed. SWOT on British Airways is stated beneath: StrengthsWeaknesses ď‚·This company has more than 90 years of experience in their field due to which they have greater knowledge in serving the customers as per their requirements (Wetherly, 2014). ď‚·Company have their own engineering branch so that their aircraft and fleets can be maintained properly.Due to this,aircraftofcompanyreceive regularmaintenanceandtrustof customers for services of company is very strong. ď‚·One of the biggest advantage of British Airlines is its over dependence on UK marketfortheirrevenuesandsales. Due to this, organisation do not try to increase their global presence. ď‚·Companyhasabigunionised workforce.Duetothis,collective bargaining form employees take place regularly.Thisreducestheoverall performanceofemployeeswhich impactorganisationalproductivityin negative manner. OpportunitiesThreats ď‚·In order to further improve their profits andrevenues,companycanincrease theirpresenceinAsianMarketlike China, India, South Korea etc. These marketshavehighscopeforBritish Airways in terms of profit. ď‚·Organisation can increase their online ď‚·Other airlines are offering same kind of service in less amount due to which customers can tilt towards other firms. This will bring a big threat towards the sales of company. ď‚·Airline sector is highly regulated due to which they are needed to perform every 9
presencewhereloyalcustomersof company will be given vouchers. By this,morepeoplewillinteractwith company and their customer base will hike. work in a cautious manner. In case they do not comply with government then British Airways will have to pay heavy fines and taxes. P6 Mention how the weaknesses and strengths have interrelation with the external and internal factors Political factors:Political scenario in UK is in the favour of aviation and airline industry. Government interference is not so high and most of the policies favour organisation and its activities. ď‚·Strengths:BA has near about 100 years of experience in working in UK due to which compiling with UK political scenario is very easy for them. ď‚·Weakness:As this company is very dependent on UK market, changing of political scenario of UK will create issues and threats for British Airways. Economic factors:This type of factor depends upon purchasing power and growth rate of a nation. UK has high GDP and economic growth due to which operating in UK is economically beneficial for British Airways(Burns and Dewhurst, 2016). ď‚·Strengths:Main business of company is operated in UK due to which sales and revenues of organisation are high and stable. ď‚·Weakness:Union labour of company favours regular negotiations related with wages. This can reduce the efficiency of company. Social factors:It is linked to the choice and opinion of people operating in UK. If change and perception of people changes, it will impact concerned company in a considerable manner. ď‚·Strengths:To gain the interest of customers and provide them security, company maintains their air planes and controlling machines on regular basis. ď‚·Weakness:Company do not try to allure the people of other country and nations, if interest of UK population in company will reduce. This will impact the company and its working in negative manner. 10
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Technological factors:These aspects are concerned to technological advancement so that an organisation can interact and communicate with their customers in efficient manner (Fayolle and Gailly, 2015). ď‚·Strengths:This will help the company in dealing with complex situations in a timely manner. ď‚·Weakness:Due to more dependence on technology, confidential information is shared which can be easily hacked by rivals. CONCLUSION As per this discussed assignment, it can be comprehended that to acquire high revenues, company is needed to sustain an appropriate working environment. There are varying kind of business organisation which operates in different sectors like voluntary, public and private section. Business firms have different size like Small, large and medium size and their scope depends upon their operability. To achieve high revenues, it is essential for organisational functions to work in a collaborated manner. By taking the help of frameworks like SWOT and PESTLE, macro and micro environment of business can be identified properly. Interrelation in Micro and macro factors helps a business firm in acknowledging strengths and weaknesses related to their business. 11
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