Analysing Change: Strategy, Operations, Leadership, and Implementation

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of understanding and leading change within an organisation, using Marks & Spencer and Morrison's as case studies. It examines the impact of change on organisational strategies and operations, focusing on how changes in the business environment necessitate adaptations in management practices. The report evaluates internal and external drivers of change, such as political, economic, social, and technological factors, and their effects on leadership, team dynamics, and individual behaviors. Furthermore, it identifies barriers to implementation and their impact on organisational decision-making. Various leadership approaches to managing change are explored, alongside measures to minimise negative impacts on organisational behaviour, utilising models like the Burke-Litwin Model. Desklib provides solved assignments and past papers for students.

Understanding and leading change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Different
organisational
examples where there
has been an impact of
change on an
organisation’s strategy
and operations.............................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
Evaluate the ways in
which internal and
external drivers of change
affect leadership, team
and individual behaviours
within an organisation................................................................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
Measure to minimise the impact of changes in the organisational behaviour............................8
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
Different barrier for implementation and how they impact on the leadership and decision-
making of organisation..............................................................................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
Leadership approaches
to deal with change
in a range of

organisational contexts.............................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Leading and managing change in the organisation consists of implementing new policy,
structure, technology and operations that maximise organisational productivity and expansion of
business. In simple terms, change is the key factor for growth and this aids management for
accomplish new opportunities, analyse of global economy, etc. through adopt and induce policies
that match with current trends of business. Change roles is communicated as well as delegated by
the leaders of organisation in order to implement them among all departments (Abel and et. al.,
2020). Marks & Spencer is selected as a business for this report and this is a well-known retail
organisation of UK which is especially recognised for their clothes and food products. Moreover,
this report will cover impact of change on organisation strategies and operations, effect of
changes in the organisation behaviour, barrier which influence on the leadership and decision-
making of organisation. In the last, various leadership approaches to deal with organisation
change and situation will also be included in this report.

TASK 1
Different
organisational
examples where there
has been an impact of
change on an
organisation’s strategy
and operations
Change take place to identify new opportunities and this relates with business growth and
performance with motive of inducing new ideas and developing essential skills for individuals
that improve business performance. Changes are implemented by the management of Marks &
Spencer to perform work according to the workplace trend. Along with this change among the
products and technological factors consists of all those factors that helps to perform work
according to target audience (Aizawa and et. al., 2020).
Marks &
Spencer
Specific changes Drivers of change Impact on
strategy
Impact of
operations
Change in
strategy
Implement of new
organisation strategy
and this is because of
change in economy
of business.
Change in
management
The
organisation
strategy is
impacted
because of
change in day-
to-day of
operations of
business.
Majority of the
methods to
perform
company
operations is
changed and this
is because
management
implement new
strategy.
Change in
operations
This is related with
modification among
the organisation and
Implement of new
operations
Operational
strategy is
impacted
With the change
in organisation
operations. This

with change in legal
rules management
perform operations
as per legal action.
because
management
perform work
in a large
scale.
is understand
that additional
operational cost
is also deducted.
With understand of the above factors this is understand that Marks & Spencer induce
change in the company operations and strategy and it is because management identify the
amendments in economic and legal actions of business (Aquilina, 2021). With induce of the
company operations and functions this is understand that by adopting changes this is easy for
respective organisation to complete their operations according to decided strategy.
Morrison's Specific changes Drivers of
change
Impact on
strategy
Impact of
operations
Change in
company
structure
Modification in the
company structure.
Political factor
is the major
driver of
change.
This impact on
operation
strategy and this
is because now
organisation sale
products at a
large scale.
With change in
company
structure
management
also considered
towards
implement of
new operational
strategy to
manufacture and
offer products as
per current
changes.
Engage of
experts or
professional
To recruit or hire
professional for
manage work as per
social perspectives.
Recruit of
professional
Strategy is
impacted because
previous strategy
that relates with
company
operations and
With change in
management
and by engage
of professional
operational
manager

functions is
modified.
majority of
company
operations is
improved by
manage them as
per current
market.
The change in company structure results that overall company operations are improved
and modify in order to perform all work according to the current business perspectives. Along
with this by engage of professional in company operations overall productivity is maximised and
it also helps to generate and accomplish competitive-edge in the market (Berisha and Cotella,
2021).
TASK 2
Evaluate the ways in
which internal and
external drivers of change
affect leadership, team
and individual behaviours
within an organisation
With understand of different changes in the organisation this is identified that each small
or large change impact on the leadership, team and individual behaviour. It results organisation
goals and objectives are also impacted if changes are not induced by monitoring the internal and
external driver of changes. PEST and SWOT of respective organisation to manage change
according to internal and external driver is mention as follow:
PEST analysis consists of all those factors that relates with political, economical,
technological and social and with this tool management improve their productivity (Bezzina,
Camilleri and Marmarà, 2021). With analyse of company performance by analyse of overall
efficiency. Some aspects related with PEST are mention as follow:

 Political- This assess about government policy, rules and regulations that impact on
company efficiency. The current political conditions of UK is not stable and this is
because of Brexit decisions. This consists of external driver that impact on company rules
in a broader manner. So change is identified among organisation rules to manage task
according to company perspective.
 Economic- Inflation rate, interest rate and employment factors are the major factors
which demonstrate the economy of a country (Burk-Rafel and et. al., 2020). Along with
this economic aspect is also work as an external factor that impact on Marks & Spencer
growth. Like, if the inflation rate of country is low than this impact on the company
operations as sale of organisation products is reduced. It make changes in financial
budget of company that aids to accomplish opportunities for business.
 Social- This include the growth of population, cultural trends, demographic factors that
impact on the company image. Behavioural changes impact on organisation as with
analyse of all social factor management improve number of organic products. This
consists towards the enhance of products sales because it relates with business factors.
 Technological- It assess about all those technical factors which are related with current
trends and also support retail organisation to perform work to engage the innovation in
the business (Ford, Gillan and Thein, 2020). Moreover, the current technical factors aids
management to maximise their profits through use innovation.
SWOT Analysis
SWOT analysis consists the strength, weakness, threats and opportunities that aids na
organisation to formulate right business plan and also to overcome from challenges.
Strength
 Clear brand image is a major strength
of business and this improves the value
among products.
 Innovation- With understand of
innovation perspective this is identified
that Marks & Spencer utilise invention
to retain in market for longer period.
Weakness
 Customer Satisfaction is one of the
major issue faced by management and
this is because the return policy of
products is too high.
 Supply chain scalability is another
weakness and this define that
organisation has poor scalability of
supply chain.

Opportunities
 New segments fashion is an evolving
business so new segment are identified
as an opportunity on regular basis.
 Increase in developing countries this
leads to perform all work with decided
factor specifically, to introduce
business in new market.
Threats
 High competition this is identify as
one of the major challenge and it
creates problems for business.
 Change in customer preference the
current market conditions is too
dynamic and also buyer has so many
options so change is identify as a threat
for M&S.
Change Internal/external Impact on
leadership
behaviour
Impact on
team/
departmenta
l behaviour
Impact on
individual
behaviour
measures to
minimise
negative
impacts
Change in
political
factor
This is related
with external
factor of business
and it will
change company
rules.
Political
factor
impact on
the
behaviour of
leaders and
this is
because
each leader
require top
position.
Team-
behaviour is
impacted
due to
change in
political
behaviour
and it
results that
biassed
results are
generated.
The
behaviour of
the individual
or engaged
employees is
impacted
because
political
factor create
complexity
for business
to sustain.
To minimise
the negative
factor this is
identified that
all policies
are induced in
an organised
manner to
perform work
as per current
systems.
Involve
new
segments
With engage of
the current
scenario, this is
identified that by
engage of
Behaviour
of leaders is
impacted
because now
they require
Team-
behaviour is
impacted as
new teams
require
The
individual
behaviour is
impacted
because
In the last, to
minimise the
impact of
changes and
to enter in

internal factor
organisation
introduce new
segment to
perform work in
an appropriate
manner.
more
motivation
to perform
work into
new market.
more
persons to
enter into
new
segment.
change
consists of all
those aspects
that match
with new
factors of
business.
new market
management
make changes
according to
the current
demand of
customers.
Formulatio
n of new
budget
The current
concepts related
with business
consider towards
introduce and
induce of better
and effective
financial plans to
perform work as
per decided
budget.
Leaders are
responsible
to
implement
the budgets
so this
consists of
all those
factors that
increase
profits for
business.
The
behaviour of
teams is
also
impacted
and this is
because new
budgets
leads to
perform
work as per
company
rules.
Individual
behaviour
leads to
perform work
and this helps
to complete
task
according to
decided
factors that
leads to
improve
overall
efficiency.
To minimise
impact of
financial
factors
professional
are recruited
to complete
work in a
professional
manner.
TASK 3
Measure to minimise the impact of changes in the organisational behaviour
Marks & Spencer induce various factors that helps to implement changes in the
organisation such as to motivate the workforce, introduce of new policies, engage professional
etc. and this helps management for minimise the impact of changes in organisation (Gunapala
and et. al., 2020). Some steps of the Burke Litwin Model are mention as follow:
 External Environment- With analyses of all external factors this is understand that
competitors and government are the major factor that impacts on company performance.

On the other side, management of M&S formulate strategy to minimise the impact of
external factors at workplace.
 Mission and strategy- It explain the purpose and goals of organisation so to achieve this
management consider to perform all work with decided growth factors specifically, to
manage work according to company vision.
 Leadership- They give the path to organisation and also formulates strategy for influence
management that helps for complete all work by motivating individuals to complete their
task in a proper manner.
 Organisation Culture- This refers to the belief, norms, behaviour and value which are
followed by the organisation and it also influence on future growth of organisation
change (Ifenthaler, 2020). So positive culture is generated by management of M&S at
workplace to reduce the negative impact of changes.
 Structure- With change in the company structure M&S authorities measure the impact of
changes and to improve overall financial based structure is formulated by management to
perform work in a decided manner.
 Systems- Rules and procedure support an organisation to perform all work according to
the decided systematic structure. Administrator utilise the systems for perform all task
according to the shareholders that aids management to reduce negative impact of
organisation.
 Management practices- Manager of M&S utilise the working methods and to improve
the organisational productivity organisation formulate efficient results that helps for
complete all work according to the decided strategy.
 Work unit climate- With analyse of overall issue this is understand that by change in
policies management improve their work environment to formulate appropriate
relationship.
 Task and skill- This unit help to measure the impact of change by understand all skills
related with company programmes for complete work with decided responsibilities.
 Individual value and needs- Most of the workforce relates with different background
and culture so they also have different ideas (Jiang and et. al., 2020). So manager
consider that change not impact on the business as this relates with individual factors.

 Motivational level- This helps to inspire the workforce as this is used for set the decided
goals. It also update the persons for manage work with decided factor to achieve all goals
with high motivation.
 Monitor overall performance- This assess about those factors which maximise the
performance of organisation. The main motive of monitoring performance is to induce
appropriate strategy that leads to minimise negative impact of organisation.
TASK 3
Different barrier for implementation and how they impact on the leadership and decision-making
of organisation
Force-field Analysis- one of the most appropriate framework which is used to analyse
the variances between the driving forces and restraining forces. The main purpose of force-field
analysis is to determine all those changes that take place within the organisation. In the context
of M&S the respective framework is used to analyse the decision-making of company (Macauley
and et. al., 2020). One of the main purpose of this tool is to identify the force that whether to
continue or strength changes towards company goals. Some of the major steps for analyse the
company barrier with use of force-field analysis is mention as below:
 Change in substance- First step is to define all those objectives which is required for
changing substances and this helps for analyse the situation of existing environment
through use of different tools and techniques that aids to determine the expected results
of changes in organisation. Moreover, manager also utilise this to ascertain the internal
and external environment both for formulate an effective strategy for business.
 Identify of changing forces- This ascertain about driving forces and also restraining
forces for analyse all situations that are in favour and against the changes. It supports for
manage the changes according to company goals and this helps to understand and
identify forces in organisation.
 Identification of forces against alterations- Eliminate and select those forces that
demonstrate which force is most suitable for adopt change in organisation. The current
perspective relates with effective areas and this helps to manage the task of business.