Understanding Organisations (Cadbury)

This essay provides an understanding of the Cadbury company as a great example of a large and complex organisation. It explains the role of leadership and motivation in the company and provides an in-depth understanding of these topics with the help of theoretical frameworks.

Understanding
Organisations
(Cadbury)

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................2
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................2
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................8
REFERNCES:................................................................................................................................10
Books and Journals:..................................................................................................................10
Online: ......................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
An organisation is a place where two or more people join their hands together with a
motive to earn something with the help of a business. In order to run a business in successful
manner it is essential for an entrepreneur to learn from great leaders who are responsible for the
success of large organisation. In order to understand a large and complex organisation Cadbury
can be considered as a great example. Cadbury is a multinational organisation well known as
confectionery brand which has been established in the year 1824 in the Birmingham, England
later shift their headquarters at Uxbridge, London (Kimberley, 2020). Cadbury is a large
organisation having large number of employees in the organisation. This essay contains a proper
understanding about an organisation and its culture and also have a role of leadership and
motivation in an organisation like Cadbury. This essay also contains an in-depth understanding
of these topics with the help of theoretical framework.
MAIN BODY
Cadbury was founded in the year 1824 by John Cadbury who was Quaker in the bull
street of Birmingham, England. The company was started to sell tea, drinking chocolate and
coffee in the market and later started to sell varieties in cocoa and drinking chocolate which
increases the cost of production for the company. This resulted in the sale of products and
services by the company to the high class and wealthy people only. Later in the year, John has
join his hands with his brother Benjamin and change the name of the company as “Cadbury
Brothers”. But due to high cost of production it has been noticed that the company has gone in a
great decline in the months of late 1850s. Later in the year 1854, the company has opened its
store in London and in 1861 the son of John Cadbury has joined the office. At the time of their
joining the company was facing a great decline and as a result of their joining the company has
provided a great cocoa to the market in the year 1866 and gain its profitability back. Later, from
that year the Cadbury company has gone through several innovations in the company which has
been resulted in the great success of the company (Nordberg, 2020). Now the company has
become a part of global market having their supplies in approximately all parts of the world. All
this requires a great leadership and motivation among employees in the company.
In the year 2010, the Cadbury has been completely owned by a company name as
Mondelez international Food group. The Mondelez international Food group is originally known

as a Kraft foods and is a parent company of Cadbury since 2010. The company denied two times
to be a part of Mondelez international food crop but lastly found a deal in which both the kraft
foods and Cadbury agreed. This requires the Kraft foods to purchase the share of Cadbury
company at a rate of £8.40 per share. To reach at this position the company is require to take a
lot of handwork which has been depicts with the help of the success of the company in the
market. To be successful a company requires an effective leaders, motivation in employees and a
good or well organisational culture. The productivity of a company is based on their human
resources and in order to manage the human resource the company is require to have effective
leadership and motivation in the company(Baloyi, 2020).
The Cadbury company has a good organisation culture and there are so many influencers
in an organisation who have its impact on the behaviour of an organisation. These influencers
can be individuals groups, organisation and the business environment. The individuals are the
people of the organisation whose productivity helps an organisation can help in organisational
success. The George and Richard are two individuals who have a great impact on the business of
Cadbury and provide the company a great height. Their influence on the company helps the
Cadbury to raise their position in the market. Another influencer in case of a company is an
organisation. In order to run a business it is essential to complete the work in organised form for
a which a proper structure has been created between groups and individuals to influence them
regarding the orders and systems to be followed in the company.
One of the influencer of a business is the business environment which has a great impact
on the business of an organisation. This business environment can be of two types one is the
internal environment whereas another one is the external environment. In order to achieve
success in the market the new entrepreneurs of the company George and Richard in the year
1861 has worked upon both the environment. In case of internal environment, it includes the
factors which can be controlled and managed by an organisation and external factors are those
which are not controlled and managed by organisation rather they are required to take decisions
in accordance to the external business environment. External environment includes various
factors which are explained with the help of PESTLE analysis. PESTLE analysis includes factors
like political, Economic factors, Social, technological, legal and environmental factors of a
business environment. As Cadbury run their business in global market it is required for the

company to manage the business environment of various countries (Sheehan, Garavan, and
Morley, 2020).
The Another influencer of the business of Cadbury are the groups which helps the
company to achieve their target in efficient and effective manner. Almost every organisation
have several groups and especially a large organisation like Cadbury whose operations are not
possible without suitable groups in the organisation. Every individual in the organisation is a part
of group in the company. In order to manage these groups in effective manner it is essential for
the company to have a great leaders to manage these groups. The success of the company lies in
the hand of the productivity of labours in the company and that is the reason it is essential for
Cadbury to talk about the leadership and motivation of employees in the company. It has been
noticed between the year 1850 to 1866 that how a good leadership can transform the success of
an organisation. A great leader became great with his capabilities to guide their employees and
motivate them towards their work in effective manner. In order to achieve success.
The leadership and Motivation are two interrelated concept and requires to to be
understand by an individual in effective manner (Megheirkouni, 2020). It is because the idea that
leadership in an organisation is inefficient without motivation in the employees in an
organisation. To understand the value of motivation and leadership there are so many theoretical
framework which has been provided for guidance. There are so many theories which helps an
individual to became an effective leader. A trait theory, good man theory, behavioural theory,
transactional theory, transformational theory and situational theory. These theories argues on
several qualities that a leader should possess in order to manage a team in effective manner. The
leaders of Cadbury inspires so many individual to became an effective leaders as they have
effective learning and leadership qualities which motivates employees to be effective in their
work. The first leadership theory is the trait theory which is based on an approach of human
personality to became a leader. Trait means the thought, behaviour and emotions of a person and
this theory defines an effective leader as an individual who is a leader from their behaviour
thoughts and emotions. According to this theory a leader is a leader with the help of his
personality and internal qualities. These qualities are the natural qualities of a leader which helps
him to became a good leader. Richard and George are son of John Cadbury and contain some of
the qualities which are required to became an effective leader naturally (Schlappa, Imani, and
Nishino, 2021). The Great man theory is an another theory which works in an old concept that

effective leaders cant be developed they are born and also provides that leadership is an inherent
quality. According to this theory, a leader by born contains some natural qualities like courage,
confidence, intelligence etc. Another theory that is the behavioural theory is based on the
environment in which an individual grows and not on their natural qualities. According to this
theory, the environment in which a person is born is responsible to make him or her a leader and
not only the natural qualities of a person. In case of Cadbury company, the leaders of the
company should work on the abilities of individual to make them effective leaders and ensures
the high productivity from their group members.
One of the theory of leadership is a transactional theory which deals with the
management theory and requires rewards and penalties to lead people in an organisation. This
theory makes the leader understand that in order to have effective leadership they are required to
be hierarchical and result-focused and should focus on the order and structure of an organisation
for systematic working. The transformational theory of leadership deals with establishment of
positive relations with the leaders and team members. In order to build a positive relation, a
transformational leader is require to motivate their employees with the help of their passion and
enthusiasm (Phong, and Son, 2020). And in the last theory of leadership that is the situational
leadership theory which is based on a fact that no leadership style is best suited for every
situation and in order to become an effective leader a person is require to have a quality to
effectively use a leadership style in accordance to the situation. This leadership theory is best for
every organisation as it helps a leader to learn various leadership styles and later help them to
develop and grow their several skills in effective manner.
An effective leader is require to have a good knowledge of motivation and should be able
to motivate their employees in effective manner (Mowbray, Wilkinson, and Herman, , 2020).
Motivation helps a leader to enhance the productivity of their employees and develop them for
their growth opportunities. The motivation can be provided to employees in two manner the first
includes the extrinsic factors and second is the intrinsic factors. The intrinsic factors includes the
desire in an individual to satisfy their needs. The high the desire shows high motivation in an
individual. In extrinsic factors, it includes the physical motivators such as bonus for hard work
and many more. In order to provide the various factors the authors has produced so many
theories for the motivation of employees.

Their are several motivation theories which has been provided by authors to help an
organisation to motivate their employees in effective manner such as Maslow's hierarchy of
needs theory, Herzberg's dual factor theory, and McClelland's acquired needs theory. These
theories helps an individual to know various factors which helps them to motivate a group of
individuals in effective manner. In order to have effective motivation in employees the Maslow's
hierarchy of needs theory helps to identify several needs of an individual in an hierarchical
format explaining the needs of individuals in a pyramid format in which the lowest level needs of
the pyramid are the basic needs of employees in the company. The first need in accordance to
this theory is the physiological needs of employees and includes their basic needs. It is essential
for an organisation to provide food, rest, warmth and water to their employees as they are the
basic needs of a company (Mather, 2020). In case of Cadbury company the company are among
the large companies and fulfil this need of their employees in effective manner. The second need
of employees is after fulfilling their first basic need and is the safety needs which is also a basic
need to sustain in an organisation. The Cadbury company sign an employment contract with their
employees to help them to fulfil their safety needs which includes job security and safety of
employees in the company.
According to the Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the employees if they fulfil their basic two
needs to fulfil their psychological needs in order to get motivated in the company, the first need
in the psychological needs of an individual is to feel love and belonged to the company. Friends
and other relationship in office helps the employees to feel connected with the company and
keep them motivated towards their work. The second need after love and belongingness is the
esteem needs of employees which helps them to fulfil their prestige needs and a feeling of
accomplishment in the company. This requires to motivate the employees with the help of
enhancing their self respect in the company (Tran, and Nghia, 2020). This can be provided with
the help of providing reputation and respect to the employees for their behaviour and
productivity in the company and that can e provided with the help of achievement, dignity, status
and prestige to the employees in an organisation. The last need of an individual in an
organisation according to the Maslow's theory is the self-actualization needs to be provided to
the employees which will keep them motivated for the long period of time in an organisation. In
case of Cadbury, the company has a proper performance management and an appraisal system
which helps the company to provide appraisal to their employees in effective manner based on

their performance in a company. This helps the company to keep their emplopyees highly
motivated in accordance to the Maslows hierarchy of needs theory. Apart from the theory which
has been given by Abraham Maslow, there are other theories which helps a leader to understand
the ways in which they are able to motivate and inspire employees to give their best in the
company (What are motivation theories, 2020.).
McClelland's “Acquired Needs” Human Motivation Theory is a theory which has been
given by David McClelland in which they argue that the needs of an individual are not fixed and
changed or even developed with time (Marques, and Gomes, 2020). McClelland does not focus
on the idea of satisfaction to the employees but provides for the motivation of humans with the
help of three needs that are Achievement, Affiliation and Power in an organisation. In case of
Achievement, if any employee in the organisation achieve some goals and targets of the
company they are required to provide effective opportunity for the same. The employees should
be ensured that if they achieve some targets in the company then it will help them to get some
opportunity for their growth in the workplace. This will help the employees to keep themselves
motivated towards their goals and objectives. In case of Cadbury company the leaders of the
company are effective enough to provide great opportunities to their employees in case of
achievement of their targets in the proper deadline. Another need of human to keep themselves
motivated in an organisation is the affiliation. The people feel motivated if they have a sense of
acceptance and belongingness in an organisation. This requires a leader to create a friendly
environment in the company for which the leaders of the Cadbury company involve their
employees in various kinds of activities (Kim, 2021). The next motivation factor for employees
is power. The power has been divided into two parts by McClelland as personal power and
institutional power. Personal power is achieved with the help of a desire to come into a power
observing other people to get the power in the institution. This helps an individual to keep
themselves motivated in the company and give their best to achieve that power in the
organisation. Another kind of power is institutional power in which an individual who gets a
position or power in an organisation feels motivated to give their best at that position which is
also a source of motivation for employees to work in the organisation. In case of Cadbury the
employees feel secure to work in a large company and are always motivated to attain a position
and power in such a large company.

All the above given theories and description helps to identify that all the theories that are
provided above are interrelated with each other and requires to be followed in the company to be
successful (Du Plessis, and Keyter, 2020). Every organisation is require to follow both
leadership and motivation in the organisation as they both are interrelated concept. This is
because that the theories helps to identify that an effective leader is require to have a good
knowledge of various motivational factors for their employees so that they can be able to work in
an effective manner. Effective leadership is required to understand the basic needs of the
employees, their superiors and peer members which is essential means to motivate people in an
organisation (Luu, and Phan, 2020).
CONCLUSION
The above discussion helps to conclude that the Cadbury company is a large organisation
who faced a lot of problem in their organisation. But the leadership and motivation among
employees help the company to achieve a great success in the market. The history of the
company helps to identify that the leadership of some people help the company to enhance their
market and increase their global presence. The various theories of leadership and motivation
helps the Cadbury company to have an efficient as well as effective staff which results in good
productivity to the company.

REFERNCES:
Books and Journals:
Baloyi, G.T., 2020. Toxicity of leadership and its impact on employees: Exploring the dynamics
of leadership in an academic setting. HTS Theological Studies, 76(2), pp.1-8.
Du Plessis, D. and Keyter, C., 2020. Suitable leadership styles for the Covid-19 converged
crisis. Africa Journal of Public Sector Development and Governance, 3(1), pp.61-73.
Kim, S., 2021. Education and Public Service Motivation: A Longitudinal Study of High School
Graduates. Public Administration Review, 81(2), pp.260-272.
Kimberley, J., 2020. Edward Cadbury–Paternalistic employer or Quaker-inspired pathfinder of
British industrial relations pluralism and women workers’ champion?.
Luu, D.T. and Phan, H.V., 2020. The effects of transformational leadership and job satisfaction
on commitment to organisational change: a three-component model extension
approach. The South East Asian Journal of Management.
Marques, T.M. and Gomes, J.F., 2020. Responsible leadership andversus responsible
management. In Research Handbook of Responsible Management. Edward Elgar
Publishing.
Mather, P., 2020. Leadership and governance in a crisis: some reflections on COVID-
19. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change.
Megheirkouni, M., 2020. Servant leadership, trust and knowledge management in sport
organisations. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 20(3-4),
pp.211-231.
Mowbray, P.K., Wilkinson, A. and Herman, H.M., 2020. High-performance work systems and
employee voice behaviour: an integrated model and research agenda. Personnel Review.
Nordberg, D., 2020. The Cadbury Code and Recurrent Crisis. Springer Books.
Phong, L.B. and Son, T.T., 2020. The link between transformational leadership and knowledge
sharing: mediating role of distributive, procedural and interactional justice. Journal of
Information & Knowledge Management, 19(03), p.2050020.
Schlappa, H., Imani, Y. and Nishino, T., 2021. Relational leadership: An analytical lens for the
exploration of co-production. In The Palgrave Handbook of Co-Production of Public
Services and Outcomes (pp. 471-490). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Sheehan, M., Garavan, T.N. and Morley, M.J., 2020. Transformational leadership and work unit
innovation: A dyadic two-wave investigation. Journal of Business Research, 109,
pp.399-412.
Tran, L.T. and Nghia, T.L.H., 2020. Leadership in international education: Leaders’ professional
development needs and tensions. Higher Education, pp.1-17.
Online:
What are motivation theories, 2020. [Online] Available through:
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