Understanding Specific Needs in Health and Social Care

This document provides an in-depth understanding of specific needs in health and social care. It explores the concept of specific needs, the impact of perception, legislation, and culture, and the importance of meeting care needs. The document also discusses the system and interventions available for individuals with special needs.

Understanding Specific Needs
in Health and Social care

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1...........................................................................................................................................1
1.2...........................................................................................................................................2
1.3...........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1...........................................................................................................................................5
2.2...........................................................................................................................................5
2.3...........................................................................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
3.1...........................................................................................................................................8
3.2...........................................................................................................................................9
3.3.........................................................................................................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
4.1.........................................................................................................................................10
4.2.........................................................................................................................................11
4.3.........................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Health and social care can be comprehensively said to be a corporate sector which is
concerned with the provision of care services and/or medical treatment to individuals who are
struck with any kind of disability, disease or health problem. This field or professional is largely
aimed at making sure the health and well being of people at large (Andrews and et. al., 2020).
The health care professionals provide individuals with medication and treatments in order to cure
them in a rapid course of time. In this regard, it is identified that there are certain individuals
with special needs who need to be provided with excessive care and attention so that they can be
well taken care of. Individuals with special needs are the people who tend to possess emotional,
physical or mental kind of disability. These mainly comprise of people struck with mental or
medical impairment ranging from epilepsy to autism to visual impairment. Such personnel are
not able to effectively carry out their living in an independent manner. They need assistance on
the part of a nurse or health care practitioner so that they can sustain a quality life. It is often seen
that health care practitioners even carry out researching to identify and comprehend the pattern
of diseases within individuals. This tends to provide assistance to them in developing and
implementing interventions which are effective in preventing and curing diseases or disabilities
within public.
The current project is based on the case study given on the life of Hannah. She is
stricken with cerebral palsy and is a wheelchair user however this does not restrain her from
living the kind of life that she had always desired. She is an active member of a trust whereby
she participates in some activities and even encourages others there to do the same. The project
throws light upon concepts of illness, disability and behaviour along with the effects of laws,
social policy and culture over the health care service provision. The report also encompasses
approaches, system and various kinds of interventions available for individuals having special
needs. Overall, the manner in which an individual having special need is treated and their
challenging behaviour is dealt with is covered within this project.
TASK 1
1.1
In medical terms, concept is said to be or considered as an abstract objects, mental
representation of it is take another ability which helps in understanding the fundamentals that are
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linking to thoughts along with the believes of society in relation to healthcare. In other terms,
concept specifically considered as invention or idea that helps developing different range of
interventions in order to help human race (Canny, 2020).
Health consists of different elements like social, emotional, physical well being. It is said
that, if all these factors are effectively working in rifle manner within a person's body then and
the individual is considered as a healthy person (Gjesdal and et. al., 2020). On the other hand,
health is not only considered as the phase where a person is healthy but it also ensure that the
individual is carrying strong immune system in order to compete with any sort of disease or virus
like Covid-19.
Illness alludes to a specific circumstance which encourages anticipation of an
individual’s body and brain to perform regularly because of essence of infection or affliction. It
very well clarified as an encounter of signs which can't decide through biomedical classifications
of sickness including causes like extraordinary variables, powers, feelings and relational
segments.
Behaviour can be considered as the activities and response of an individual under
explicit conditions by controlling themselves in an ideal way (Hulst and et. al., 2020). On the
other hand, it is also characterized as a total of the reactions or responses or developments
arranged by a person in explicit circumstance.
Disability is said to be a condition in which an individual is debilitate by explicit piece of
body which make trouble in their lives for leading certain capacities (Lloyd-Sherlock and et. al.,
2020). It incorporates various sorts of debilitations including tactile, mental, physical, subjective,
instability and a few sorts of ceaseless illness.
1.2
Perception within the confines of healthcare sector can be defined as the views and
ideologies held by users towards the care services provided by healthcare professionals
(Henderson and et. al., 2020). Within healthcare industry, perception specifically plays an
important role and it has been analysed that an individual's choice specifically changes from time
to time (Kinsella and et. al., 2020). Over the different centuries, the perception in relation to
specific needs has been changed and these are presented underneath:
Perceptions in 16th century - In setting of sixteenth century, most of the individuals
stayed violent in that time and murder level has been expanded to more significant levels. Yet,
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after some time, individuals have changed their discernments towards savagery and the homicide
rate began diminishing which assists with starting production of tranquil condition (Kelly and et.
al., 2020). Better correspondence encourage to government to act consistently laws get changed
for improving security of individual. The medicines which were given were bad, they totally
relied upon Ayurveda for rewarding them which likewise lead to contaminations and afterward
demise. This portrays as far as treatment there was nothing, it was simply people need to battle
for their endurance. This means absence of administrations as patients simply need to sit tight for
death and they can't do anything as opposed to this as medicines were not accessible.
Changes in Perceptions within 19th century – If it talk about Great Britain then, then
Queen Victoria started administrating the parliament where crazing situation took place and
brought ample number of changes to develop huge financial and modern development in view of
Industrial Revolution and the creation of steam motor (Jahnsen and et. al., 2020). Individuals
gave such discernment, that second rate class of incompetent labourers are considered as
underclass people. There isn't enactment around then for sparing these residents from any sort of
misuse or issue.
Changes in Perceptions within 21st century – In present time where individuals become
progressively taught and tolerant through utilizing innovation for each part of their day by day
life. Individuals have recognition in put stock in functional ideas as opposed to odd notions.
Laws and rules become progressively severe to forestall kid work and improved soundness of
individuals (Reilly and et. al., 2020). At present situation, there have been heaps of headways
even Government is offering types of assistance as insignificant and even free administrations
for people with the goal that they can lead a wellbeing life. These headways has lead to
production of better expectations for everyday comforts of people as they have treatment for
limit of sicknesses.
1.3
Legislation in context of healthcare sector can be defined as the laws or regulation that
stipulate accepted behaviour in relation to provision of care services to users and compliance
with health & safety norms at workplace for employees (Greet and et. al., 2020).
Policy within healthcare sector can be comprehensively referred to as the plans, action
and decisions which are executed for the accomplishment of specific healthcare goal and
objectives in society (Stone and et. al., 2020).
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Culture can be defined as the shared values and norms, behaviours and patterns pertinent to the
health care sector (Canny, 2020).
If it is talked about the different sorts of rules and regulations then, Care Act, 2014 which
has a fundamental rule of shielding adults that belongs to different age groups from abuses
alongside boosting up their personal satisfaction. It comprise Mental Capacity Act, 2005 guide
experts to give lawful system to acting and settling on choices for grown-ups who need capacity
to settle on explicit choices. Away with this, Equality Act 2010 give guidelines to different
specialist doctors that are working as neuro physicians, neurologists to keeping up uniformity
and give powerful and proper office to each individual for their prosperity. In addition, Data
Protection Act, 2018 states that medicinal services associations ought to keep exacting standards
to build security of individual data of their client. Social strategies comprise to concentrate on
specific variables like physical air, air contamination and additional utilization of auto mobiles to
diminish important medical issues (McDonald and et. al., 2020). It comprises to carry on
equivalent with individuals experiencing an incapacity or sickness and bolster them to recuperate
from the equivalent without any problem.
Social approach of setting up good cause subsidizes which can assist tolerant with dealing
with serious medical issue to get sound. The enactment of keeping up fairness is useful to each
individual for increasing right clinical office when required to stay prosperity. It will impact
emphatically on those networks that are confined by society to increase better administrations for
staying sound.
Similarly, not many of people can make issue to get offices earlier which impacts
adversely as it isn't positive for giving consideration administrations to individuals appropriately.
The social approach of building up noble cause supports impacts emphatically on those
individuals who are not fit to manage the cost of costly treatment to get wanted offices. Be that
as it may, it can be abused by somebody which impacts contrarily on mentality of individuals
because of which they end may noble cause reserves (Carter and et. al., 2020). In setting of
Hannah, Prince's Trust ought to follow in general enactments while rewarding her for improving
her ways of life. It has been suggested that social approaches ought to be made to help cripple
people like Hannah for making their lives solid.
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TASK 2
2.1
Care needs are those requirements that an individual seeks for during the time of any
disease, illness or injury. In this they seek to treat to get desirable treatment and medication. This
has been identify that there are numerous form of desires in which certain desire are related to
psychological need, mobility requirement, physiological need and emotional requirement (Wang,
Huang and Kong, 2020). Mentioned below need of an individual is further being defined with
the evaluation of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Maslow hierarchy of needs is defined as a strategic framework in which basic need of
individual defined in hierarchical order. These needs when fulfil can motivate a person by
improving their efficiency, productivity and capability to accomplish actual desire (Henderson
and et. al., 2020). In this psychological need include human being basic requirements related to
food, clothing, shelter, water, sleep and air. Secondly, safety needs is defined as an individual
need related to safety in which they seek protection of stability, security and protecting elements,
freedom from fear and more. If it is talked about third need of Maslow Hierarchy which is love
and belongingness need in this a person is having need of friendship and acceptance, trust, love
and affection and intimacy. Further esteem needs involve need of dignity, achievement, desire
for reputation and respect from other individual. Lastly Maslow hierarchy include self
actualisation needs in which individual seeks for self development, peak experiences, own
potential and personal growth.
In terms with present scenario it is essential for Prince's Trust to effectively identify
Hannah basic needs in order to motivate her efforts and ability to maximize improvement in her
living standards. This is recommended to them to effective identify all the basic needs related to
patient in order to further facilitate their motivation towards well being.
2.2
System is mainly defined as a formative collection of different type of practices and
policies that are required to be effectively undertaken by employees by operating their daily
routine work (FIGUEIREDO and et. al., 2020). With the help of the set guidelines healthcare
workers can effectively provide accurate treatment and correct medication facilities. Mentioned
below current system that having duly undertaken to support individual is being defined:
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Statutory system: These are termed as a government framework that involve process
and practices that are required to be obliged by individuals with healthcare organisation
(Koskinen and et. al., 2020). These legislations provide healthcare and social care workers to
offer efficient desired and accurate treatment to patient it involves obligations like The
Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, The Electricity at Work
Regulations and more.
Voluntary system: These practices are being formulated by government and can be
undertaken by organisation as a voluntary measure to offer better treatment to individual. This
helps in establishing their image as voluntary system includes services for poor people who
cannot referred medical facilities that are expensive (Michelsen and et. al., 2020). In this
institutions like World Wildlife Fund, YMCA, Melinda Gates Foundation, World Vision etc are
offer voluntary health care facilities to individuals who cannot afford costly treatment.
In terms with Hannah it is essential for Price's Trust to take advantage of voluntary
system as this trust is operating their function as a charitable trust. Thus, this system allows them
to provide efficient and every facility to Henna to facilitate her in a comfortable lifestyle.
2.3
Specific needs can be referred to as one of the various extremities from physical,
behavioural, learning or emotional difficulties, which make a person require specialised or
additional services (Rudebeck, 2020).
There are a wide range of services available in Barnet which is also largest London
Borough in terms of population. It is situated in North London, England and founded in 1965. In
terms with present scenario it has been evaluated that Hannah is mainly suffering from cerebral
palsy disease. This locality has wide range of services available especially for those individual
who are facing same problem as Hannah. In this they include facilities related to leisure pass,
Barnet development team, leisure centres and disability sports.
Along with this, Barnet Youth services also provide much helpful and passionate
opportunity for individuals who are suffering from cerebral palsy and are seeking towards
learning, drive and develop them with great efficiency (Thompson and et. al., 2020). This
locality also offer attractive facilities like Fostering & adopting, Barnet Children's services –
improvement journey, childcare, keeping children safe, support for parents & families and
Barnet children & young people plan.
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Further, the individuals aged upto 19 years and having disability and/or autism, are
provided with activities to choose from such as:-
 Performing Arts – Drama, Dance, Musical Theatre
 Music and Media – Radio Production, App Design, Learn an Instrument, Graphic
Design
 Arts and Crafts – Fashion, Painting, Screen Print
 Life skills – Cooking, Learning through Horses, Journalism
 Mental Health and Wellbeing
 Healthy Relationships
 Watersports – Sailing, Canoeing
 Sports and Fitness – Circus Skills, Multisports, Skateboard
Merits & shortcomings of services of Barnet
Merits Shortcomings
 Services that are being providing by
Barnet proves to be very beneficial for
those individual who are suffering from
cerebral palsy, as the service has
capability to provide them immense
level of comfort for better livelihood.
 There are various type of services that
locality is provided that make patient
families to strongly deal with certain
situation to encourage patient towards
well being.
 Due to lack of information not many
individual can have access to the
facilities provided by Barnet which is
one of the major disadvantage.
 Less awareness of services are
impacting facilities especially for
cerebral patient adverse manner, thus it
is suggested Barnet to create awareness
among individual for their available
services (Rudebeck, 2020).
Possible improvement of services:
It is suggested that the respective Borough should focus upon creating widespread
awareness among the people in UK regarding the services provided by it. It should especially
focus upon communication the services it provides to people with autism, cerebral palsy, and so
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on. This will help Barnet in gaining the attention of more number of people in need and
providing them with effective services in a timely manner.
TASK 3
3.1
Approaches are the methods through which proper teaching can be provided to learners in
an efficient manner (Thompson and et. al., 2020). There are different types of approaches
through which efficient learning and teaching can take place.
Intervention is defined as an action that is being duly undertaken to make significant
improvement in medical disorder condition (Kelly and et. al., 2020). With the assistance of these
approaches individuals who are diagnosed with cerebral palsy can be treated with more efficient
clinical practices.
In terms with cerebral palsy approaches, they include laboratory tests for screening genetic,
magnetic resonance imaging, metabolic problems, cranial ultrasound and electroencephalogram
(EEG). With the help of these approaches proper test can be conducted in order to identify issue
that individual are facing that can include intellectual disabilities, impairment of vision,
movement disorder and hearing and speech delays (Greet and et. al., 2020).
With the assistance of interventions, individuals suffering from cerebral palsy can be
provided with efficient care by desired care professional that include orthopaedic surgeon,
paediatrician, speech language pathologist, physical therapist, special education teacher,
paediatric neurologist and occupational therapist. Along with this medication intervention
include isolated supporting that involves abotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injections, these are the
injections that are directly put into muscles, nerve or both. Along with generalised spasticity
include drug like baclofen (Gablofen), dantrolene (Dantrium) and diazepam (Valium). Along
with it has been evaluated that there are different type of therapies at are available for individuals
who are suffering from the same disease like recreational therapy, physical, speech & language
and occupational therapy.
Further it has been identified that there are some certain form of efficient surgical method
that include severing nerves and orthopaedic surgery. In terms with present scenario of henna it
is important to provide the efficient medication and desired therapies in order to make her live a
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life in a comfortable manner (Thompson and et. al., 2020). This is recommended to undertake
efficient and appropriate diagnosis approach in order to identify actual issue and cause to further
provide the appropriate and efficient treatment in order to support her living standards that are
affected by syllable policy cerebral palsy.
People like Hannah, who are having cerebral palsy can take effective use of the above
mentioned interventions and approaches. This will provide due assistance to them in getting
support services and proper medication with the help of which they can relieved from their
medical conditions to a certain extent.
3.2
Intervention strategy is one of the most efficient actions by considering which individual
conditions can be significantly improved. In this efficient diagnosing procedures are being
undertaken that prove to be beneficial to identify actual issue for the occurrence of abnormality
in human body. With the help of this correct decision can be taken place through which
appropriate as well as desire treatment can be provided to patient. This has been evaluated that
diagnosis methods like electroencephalogram (EEG), like magnetic resonance imaging and
cranial ultrasound helps in proper identification of problem in terms with Hannah that further
allow providing efficient medication facilities (Rudebeck, 2020). However it has been identified
that this approach is also having certain limitation in which has been identified that every
diagnosing method does not get applicable in every case of second visual those who are facing
issue of cerebral palsy.
In addition to this has been identified that therapies, intervention of treatment and
medication can provide many significant beneficial and efficient measures to make improvement
in a person living condition. With the help of these therapies and medications patient can be
provided with comfort treatment as per according to their requirements. Along with this
according to the evaluation this has been evaluated that these therapies and medication make
individual to feel free and independent and allows them to remain happy which is the most
important component to spend healthy living life. Contradictory it is having certain set of
limitation as every treatment cannot provide beneficial result for all the patients thus, it is
essential to have proper understanding of all the therapies and medication treatment to overcome
their negative impact upon human body.
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3.3
Over the course of time, technology has extensively advanced to support the lives of individuals
with specific needs such as Hannah. There have been changes introduced within the legislations,
laws and policies in order to support the people who are stricken with cerebral palsy or similar
diseases. There have been several medical advances which provide assistance to individuals like
Hannah to carry out living in an independent manner. In this relation, health care practitioners
maintain constant contact with Hannah through the usage of technological equipments which
allow spot monitoring results. Further, several technical advances are now commonly used for
people with specific needs, like wheelchairs, hearing aid, sensor, pocket coaches to assist
individuals with effectively carrying out their routine schedules (Umar, Adamu and
Abdulkareem, 2020). Such medical and technological advancements allow individuals such as
Hannah to carry out healthy life with relatively lesser support from any other individual.
Automatic wheelchairs are also available in market which can be used by Hannah to tackle her
physical disability. Further, hearing devices can be used by her to deal with the hearing issues
raised as a result of cerebral palsy.
TASK 4
4.1
Challenging behaviour can be referred to as culturally abnormal behaviour of such an
intensity, frequency or duration that the physical safety of person or others is likely to be placed
in serious jeopardy which is likely to seriously limit or deny access to use of ordinary community
facilities. A person with challenging behaviour may tend to be self hurting, aggressive, impulsive
etc. All of this holds a severe impact over the functions of their bodies. A number of concepts are
linked to individuals having challenging behaviour. These concepts can be categorised into pre
scientific, social constructive and scientific (Carter and et. al., 2020). With reference to pre
scientific concept, it can be laid down that scholars believed individuals to be creation of God
who were created fearfully as well as impeccably. However, with the passage of time and
implementation of scientific concept, it can be said that scholars perceived people with
challenging behaviour to be physically and/or mentally disabled, implying their distinction from
normal beings in terms of attitudes, communication, and movement and so on.
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The social conservative concept perceived challenging behaviour to be linked to
postmodernism as well as post structuralism whereby an individual tends to encounter issues in
terms of adapting to their environment (Robinson and et. al., 2020). This happens as they are
alcohol addicted, irritated, aggressive, impulsive, drug addicts etc. This makes them prefer to live
by themselves and be afraid of facing public. Contrary to these 3 concepts, Hannah was an
individual who never gave up on her life and neither did let other individuals to do so too. She
encouraged others to proactively participate in activities, thereby challenging the perceived
notion regarding people with disability.
4.2
The individuals with challenging behaviour need to be dealt with in an effectual way so
that they can carry out quality life without much dependence over others. The prime aim of
health and social care organisations is also to make sure that individuals with challenging
behaviours are provided with due care and treatment in a timely manner so that they can be
cured. In this relation, whenever individuals having challenging behaviour are admitted to health
and social care organisations, they tend to hold a potential impact (Stone and et. al., 2020).
Health care professionals need to practice due diligence and due care while dealing with such
personnel. Further, it is important for such entities to make sure that the health care standards are
put in force in a stringent manner. This seeks to guarantee that employees of the health care
organisations do not act against the interests of law. Further, it makes the health and social care
entities ensure that the code of practice is followed by all the practitioners and the care staff at all
the times. In addition to this, it put pressure upon the organisations to reinforce the health care
policies and procedures so that they are duly followed by the individuals providing care to the
people with challenging behaviours.
4.3
The practitioners working in health and social care context need to undertake a few steps
with the help of which they can ensure that people with challenging behaviours are properly
dealt with. In this relation, there are several strategies or interventions that may be put to use to
tackle the individuals having challenging behaviour. These are critically analysed as follows:-
De-escalating tactics
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When agitation hit a person but their behaviour do not cause harm to themselves or other
persons, then at that time, de-escalation tactics are put to use. These encompass some points
which are enlisted beneath:-
 Leverage on the go listening
 Acknowledge the underlying or expressed feelings of individuals such as distress, anger
and so on.
 Maintaining verbal instructions, quite easy and minimum to ensure ease and convenience.
Benefits: It allows an entity to set communication with agitated clients for understanding,
managing and resolving the concerns and queries of patients. In addition to this, it tends to
reduce the aggression levels of personnel and aid them in handling critical situations which
provides due assistance in improvement of morale as well as confidence (Rudebeck, 2020).
Drawbacks: One of the major shortcomings of this strategy is that it mainly uses verbal
communication that tends to restrict the personnel having difficulty in hearing. This results in
reduction of confidence as well as morale of people having challenging behaviour.
Behavioural management plan
In cases whereby individuals constantly depict challenging behaviour, it becomes
important for organisations to put forth some effective interventions or strategies in place so that
these individuals can be dealt with effectually. This consists of strategies which are put to use for
the purpose of removing the behavioural triggers. The main aspects pertinent to this plan are
briefly enlisted beneath:-
 Collecting significant and reliable data related to personnel
 Convene any meeting taking place between the two members.
 Intent to get drafted BMP
 Refining the behavioural management plan (BMP)
 Signing BMP
 Provision of copies to staff members
 Reviewing and concluding with execution of corrective action so that care services
can be provided to behaviour challenging
Benefits: This is considered to be the most solid determinant in terms of inflating an
individual’s behaviour towards coping with a circumstance in an effectual manner.
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Drawbacks: This results in extensive frustration or irritation amidst individuals if this
intervention is not effectively used.
Positive Reinforcement
This is considered as a prominent strategy inclusive of several incentive levels that are
given during acquisition of desirable behavioural from individuals.
Benefits: This provides assistance in inflating the existing level of person’s performance
while also providing assistance to them in term of tolerating the stress levels. This results in
emergence of positive attitude.
Drawbacks: This tends to decrease the strength of signals and some times, also results into
causing fatigue in individuals.
CONCLUSION
It is summarised on the basis of information covered above that health and social care is a field
of work which is concerned with the principle of due care and due diligence. It is concerned with
impartment of treatment and care to people having any kind of disease, health issue or disability.
Besides this, it is recognised that individuals having special needs are needed to be provided with
special care and treatment so as to enable and empower them to carry out an independent life.
Further, there are various laws and legislation that have specifically been passed to provide
people with special needs with equal treatment as others along with creation of a charity fund for
their funding. Apart from this, the needs of an individual falling under the health and social
context can be identified with the help of Maslow’s Need Theory. The aim of health and social
care field is to make sure that individuals are given all sorts of medication, care and medical
treatment required by them so that they can lead a healthy life in an independent manner.
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