Literature Review Analysis and Summary

This assignment requires the analysis of various literature reviews related to health care, social work, and public health. The reviews cover topics such as collective leadership in healthcare, online support groups for health, population ageing, and palliative care. The assignment also includes a summary of relevant studies on patient and public involvement in health research, big data in healthcare, and qualitative methods for health research. A detailed analysis of the reviews is required, including an understanding of the research methods used and the findings presented. This will enable the reader to gain a comprehensive understanding of the current state of knowledge in these areas and identify potential gaps in the literature.

Understanding Specific
Needs in Health and Social
Care

INTRODUCTION
Social and health care plays major role to provide specific needs to individual who are
with the special requirements. Social and health care providers should be cautious for
requirements and needs of care recipients. Care worker has to know about all specific needs of
care users. To understand the needs which are specific, care worker should be provided with
training to give treatment and care, this is best way to get knowledge about specific needs related
to health and social care. There are various regulations and rules are created by government of
United Kingdom to protect rights of the care users and care workers (Söderqvist, Sjöblom and
Bülow, 2016). Therefore this is very essential for social and health care worker to understand
specific needs of individuals. Health care professionals try to understand how to give faster and
better services to individual. They should not abuse individuals who are with specific needs. This
assignment will include specific needs given in case scenario and impact of legislation made for
the people. As well as how can specific needs can be supported, approaches, effective
interventions and challenges are faced during understand & fulfil specific needs of any
individual.
Case scenario
Forty-three-year-old man Tom could not survive due to lack of support and treatment as
he was suffering from brain injury. The accident which developed long-standing mobility,
substance misuse and mental health problems. As Tom was vulnerable so social and mental
health professionals were not able to provide care according to needs. He was using drugs and
alcohols to numb the mind. Tom's partner Liz also had brain injury so Tom used to take care of
her. The patients suffered with insomnia and chronic pain that made him to used alcohol and
heroin. One day patient was found naked screaming and shouting at his partner, and Tom used to
take money from Liz by threatening not to take care of her. Assessment had limited study for the
mental capacity which failed to explore his role as Liz's partners and carer. And at the end due to
risk of the health damage and being homelessness as well as mobility limitations it was difficult
to live.

TASK 1
1.1 Concept related to disability, behaviour, illness and health
This thought of social and health care is so famous in UK and this is very essential
services in which nurses should get knowledge about the importance of health and social
services. Health care professionals such as doctors, physicians, staff and nurses should provided
with training of care and treatment. Disabilities is most common problem in these services. Most
of individuals will not able to use their body parts to perform particular task hence in that case
they need some care and support by health and social care services. Generally health refers
physical and mental well being of individual (West and Pasmore et. al., 2014). A good health of
particular individual indicates the complete good feeling and also all diseases will be absent that
individual is considered as a healthy individual. Illness is a subjective matter which can work
person to person and base will be personal perception and emotions so concept of illness is very
important in sickness & diagnosis. This type of behaviour can also referred as manner in which
person regulates the body, interpret and define their symptoms, actions for remedial as well as
use health care system. As according to case patient was not healthy with the physical and
mental body which was creating specific needs and that could be provided by social & health
care services.
1.2 Perceptions of specific needs have changed over time
Individuals with special needs have been ignored by their families as well as government.
Most of people become more aware and enlightened that these individuals are as essential as rest
of the people only that such kind of people need specialized care for their health to perform daily
chores. The government in past had build some hospitals which catered for the people who are
suffering from mental and physical illness that were later closed. There were families who were
not given good care to needy individuals and sent them to the facilities that became
overcrowded that make professionals to provide poor services. To better services which are
provided, government transferred staffs who are working in facilities to the social care so that
they can boost quality of care given. Social care helps people to learn how they can live with
their disabilities by providing support and care (Chung, 2014). Individuals who were disable

with their body both physical as well as mental were put in asylums and poor houses, they were
not provided opportunity to socialize with individuals in society.
This type of thought of disability changed with the period of time. Many social & health
care constructed to give support and care, people who were with the special needs. Introduction
of assistive systems, disable individuals able to utilize the public spaces & also the special
education for the people who were with special needs. Change of perspectives about impairments
and disability have helped people who wants to live normal and do not want to be discriminated.
In case of Tom there were no improvident in the care and treatment. Day were passing and his
special needs were increasing but Tom was not able to get treatment for all the health issues.
With time due to use of drugs Tom's mental and physical ability was getting worse .
1.3 Impact of legislation, social policy, society and culture on individuals with specific needs
There are several impact of social policy, legislation, culture and society on services
made for users of social and health care with the specific needs. In health and social care, health
and social policy with legislation and culture play major role when it is about availability of
people's necessary service who have special needs. Legislation is very important at both
individual and mass level such as to promote comprehensive health service is responsibility of
state's secretary in UK that will lead to improvement in mental as well as physical health of
people (Beard and Bloom, 2015). In addition service will aid not only in prevention but also
diagnosis of physical and mental problems. Outcome of social and health care services cam
measured based on quality, experience and effectiveness of concerned individual. To make good
practice sustainable the system has to work in flexible way so it can make changes when they are
required.
Social policy of society is major extend responsible for making sure services available for
individuals with special needs are effective (Goodwin, 2016). Culture can not avoided regarding
services, it provides possibility of possessing the services for individuals with the specific needs.
The patient should be be aware with social policies and legislation. As in case Tom died with the
specific needs but could not get care and support from health and social care. Such people in
society majorly avoided due to their irrelevant behaviour but that's not the solution. Family
support is very important because in such condition person can not fight alone for the needs.

TASK 2
2.1 Needs related to care of people who has specific needs
Intensive & extra care is for the patients who are not able to get specific needs and have
some special requirements regarding their health because this kind of individuals are very
deprived and oppressed. Individuals are not provided what they need to be provide in this case
social & health care services should be get worried for such people to provide good quality of
care (Thompson, 2015). It is very essential that every activity and programme are designed in
such a way which can take into the account presence of groups who are with their specific needs
and also integrates their concerns. Targeted response can be needed to make sure protection in
accordance with the vulnerabilities and needs, it may be through the community-based activities.
Care needs of individuals are several and different types of the care needs that are required to be
fulfilled. Needs can be related to safety, food & nutrition, medication and secure environment
and also support from environment to so that individuals can get progress. Every person wants
well treatment and care so that they can have a good life by reducing their health complications.
In the given case patient is brain injury and along with that drug abuse which is affected
his mind along with that Tom has to take care of partner who is also with brain injury. Such
condition changed Tom to use drug and alcohol that impacted on patient's mental health. Tom's
mind was almost lost, he started screaming on Liz and used to blackmail for money in reverse to
provide care. If patient do not get the appropriate care which is required for health in that case
there are chances that person can suffer more and it makes health more complex by creating
requirement of other needs.
2.2 Present system to provide support to individuals who are with specific needs
Various systems which support and care people in order to give their required needs in
United Kingdom. Person who is special needs has to be corroborated for betterment &
improvement of society. Generally people who has their own special needs are legal and general
in the such kind of society. Extra and special arrangements can be provided to people to ensure
social care services and facilities are available to provide them care and support so that they can
overcome their health issues (Aveyard, 2014). Advice and guidance for current system to
support people, it provides improvement of physical and mental of users of social and health
care. Advices can be provided to people who are adult and children can be supported by

necessary guidance for their special needs. Counselling is essential phase in social & health care
which gives the need that people requires for their daily life such individuals has been given
counselling to encourage and motivate them so that it can help them to increase their confidence.
Patients who are suffering with mental problems, they face several problems in their normal life
which is difficult for such patients. Currents social and health care system gives the people
counselling and the other related services that improves mental health condition.
Current social and health care service provide individuals who are with specific needs
with the further services and facilities which brings them to better condition to adjust with other
people and live a normal life in convenient way. Personal development program are very
important for the development and progress person's condition. As per the case there were health
and social care which was trying to help Tom with his special needs. It was hard for care
professional as patient's behaviour was vulnerable for those care workers which made them to
not provide proper care and treatment to patient.
2.3 Available services in the locality for people with needs
Social and health care services are present in the particular area and locality are very
essential component for the assessment of the standards for the people who are lining in that
area. Checking services that are present in the particular area may interept requirents of people
who are lining there and has to make best place to live for those people who has their own
specific need. Improvements and changes has to be recommended on basis of evaluations
(Krumholz, 2014). In this eastern London is taken for the service assessment which are present
in that locality. Particular area has all the required services such as Somerset partnership NHS
foundation trust, council for drug and alcohol and emergency care plan and other social
services which provide care and treatment to people who has various kind of specific needs
related to physical and mental health.
As case shows that after all the services in this locality no care is provide to Tom. In this
case Tom had multiple needs and to fulfil multiple needs the multidisciplinary care required.
Patient was not able to get all support and care for every need that was having a negative effect
on the family and person's health. Particular patient could not get treatment for the brain injury
and other issues like drug and alcohol abuse which made Tom's life complicated and years were
passing but there were no support and care which can be provided to patient and help to live
peacefully. NHS have several services which helps patient to get treatment according to their

health issues but in this case patient was not able to get treatment and support due to multiple
needs (Stewart and Wild, 2014).
TASK 3
3.1 Interventions and approaches available to support individuals with their specific needs
There are numerous approaches and interventions to support people with social and
health care but approaches and interventions should be best and effective. The main challenge is
that every individual aspect as example health care may be appropriate in their own position but
this comes to collaboration approaches will be different. Approaches and intervention can make
care and treatment much better such as continuum of care and substance use disorder treatment.
This can be follow in such cases that can help people with their special needs. Service that can
include counselling, supportive services and medication designed to change people to decrease
the drug, alcohol and other substances use (Green and Thorogood, 2018). This type of
medication are associated to mental or physical health issues and which also restore patient to the
maximum functional ability. Continuum of care is integrated system of the care which guides
individuals and tracks them over time through the encompassing array of social and health
services suitable to person needs. Continuum of care can involve early interventions, continuing
care, recovery support, treatment and prevention.
In this case multi-disciplinary care could improve the health of patient. Working in a
team helps professionals to provide good quality of care. As the individual was with multiple
different needs which can be fulfil by giving a good treatment. In such cases care should be more
effective so that it can reduce physical and mental issues of the particular patient. Using the
above strategies and interventions may help person to get good care and support that can help
them with their specific needs.
3.2 Effectiveness of interventions strategies for individual with specific needs
The major purpose of health care sector is making improvement in the quality of the life
of patents. These all things happen on the basis of opportunities, participation in social events,
citizenship, empowerment and providing equivalent rights and others. In this case study, it can
be determined and monitored that all the above intervention strategies can be used and applied
by the medical practitioners which are helpful and useful for providing better treatment to those

patients who are suffering from insomnia (Sanjari and et. al., 2014). Regarding this, it can be be
analysed that these intervention strategies can be beneficial for medical practitioners in context
of disenchanting the mental unfit persons to take treatment on regular basis. It help the medical
staff by providing better treatment to patients through which they can make improvement in the
condition of these persons so that they can live their previous lifestyle (Murtagh and Higginson
et. al., 2014). According to the case study, it can be analysed that psychological intervention
strategy can be beneficial for making improvement in the health condition of Tom. The major
advantage for medical practitioners in context of improving their medical condition are
mentioned as below:
 Psychological intervention help in putting positive upon the persons who are suffering
from this disease and useful for practitioners in order to providing better treatment to
patients.
 With the help of this strategy, they can conduct counselling sessions for patients which
help in making these patient comfortable and motivated them to use their own efforts to
make improvement their own medical state.
 These counselling sessions attract other people who are suffering with this problem and
they also can make participation in these kind of sessions on regular basis for improving
the medical health.
These sessions help in maintain positive atmosphere for patients in which they can easily share
their problems with counsellor and getting solution to them. This feel them relax and help in
improving their metal and medical health.
3.3 Potential impact of emerging developments on support for individuals
In each and every sector and industry development and growth is necessary and essential.
In context of health care sector, it can be analysed that technological innovation is most
important because it will help medical practitioner in offering better treatment to the patients.
With the help of this innovation, they can make important in the health of them (Bates and et. al.,
2014). In context of those patients who are mentally unfit and disturb by their mind, it can be
analysed that advance technology is useful for making improvement in their situation. For
example, with the help of CCTV cameras, medical practitioners can monitor and analysed each
and every activities of them so it is easy to them provide better treatment to these patients
according to their problem. It is also helpful for the medical staff because with the help of it they

can easily analysed the wrong activities and actions. These technologies helpful in reducing and
resolving unethical actions and reduce the chances of misshapenness which could occur in
patients cell (Stroumsa, 2014). This provide a free atmosphere to patients so that they do not
surrounded with doctors all time. It feel them relax and help in improving their medical
condition.
TASK 4
4.1 Various concepts of the challenging behaviour
Challenging behaviour, it can be explained as the behaviour that is not fit for culture like
intensity, frequency that physical security of individual behaviour that is limited to utilization of
the average community facilities. Mostly challenging behaviour involves the behaviour in which
person can injured self such as they can harm themselves or to other people and become
aggressive easily. There are different theories which helps to explain challenging behaviour in
people. The first theory is pre specific theory which is defined as people believed that this type of
behaviour is due to some type of superstitious effects & powers (Brett and et. al., 2014).
According to this theory people also believed that it can be possessed by some kind of negative
power like demons or superstitious power which can cause in people to act in such a way, and
this also impact on behaviour of person due to that person act so differently because of such kind
of beliefs, such people were not given consideration to provide them some sort of help with their
behaviourally challenged patients for their treatment and medication. Second theory is named as
biological belief, this theory is totally based on the logical base, given concept is consideration
could be provide to given medical & social support for this challenge to improve the condition
with their illness. This is mainly associated to the medical model of the disabilty (Shi and Singh,
2014).
Last theory is social construction theory which is similar to the social model the
disability. In this theory people who are with behaviourally challenged were reasoned as the
normal people that who had various specific needs & this kind of behaviour instead of those who
have normal behaviour. Individuals are provided with the better support in this social care helps
so that every person can be considered as normal.

4.2 Impact of challenging behaviour on social and health care organizations
Several impacts which can be occurred because of challenging behaviour that can create
problem in health and social care organization. These types of impacts are mainly involve
impacts which are legal, work related stress due to personal problems, health related issues and
other social problems. When more behaviourally challenged service recipients in social care
organization has to provided some excess support to provide care and treatment to service users.
If people will be challenged with behaviour that can be difficult & hard for nurses to provide
support to such kind of people. And such condition will put load to nurses and carers to recover
them and provide every specific need of individual (Lewin and et. al., 2015).
According to case Tom was dealing with challenging behaviour, patient was so
vulnerable, action and behaviour can not be predicted. In this condition it was so hard for care
professionals to provide treatment according to all specific needs. Tom could not able to control
the irrelevant behaviour it could harm to anyone as the partner Liz was victim in this case.
Patient used to shout and scream on the lady. Sometimes Tom's behaviour was unpredictable,
one day person found naked on the public place. And such type of behaviour can be prevented by
providing appropriate care and support to overcome the challenging behaviour.
4.3 Approaches to work with people who are with challenging behaviour
Social & health care organization use various strategies to function to such individuals
those who have challenged behaviour & this can impact on the health and social organization
these impact are those which can behaviourally challenged individuals who are having on the
health & social care organization has to be ignored, then it can be decreased in order to build
operation care programs and support which are related to organization much effective and this
makes staff to work easily (Williams, Priest and Anderson, 2016). Holistic assessments of this
behaviourally challenged individual help social and health organization have good understanding
of the way patients are behaving and requirements which are need to provide them care.
In this case if person provided with strategies and approaches regarding to person's
challenging behaviour. This type of behaviour can be reduced by giving proper treatment and
support to individual.

CONCLUSION
The above assignment is concluded as understanding specific needs of any individual is
required to identify support and related care that will be given to them. There are some concepts
related to illness, disability, behaviour and health which are associated to social care and service
users. Needs which are specific for individual have different perception that changed over the
time. Legislation and social policies have major impact on the individual and the services which
is given to them. Ever individual has their own care needs and there are certain systems that
support them to get needs. To provide care and treatment in particular area there are some
interventions and approaches which are used to fulfil the demand of individuals and has to be
provide the appropriate support and care which is related to social and health care.

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