This presentation provides an overview of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, including the dysfunctions caused by hyperglycemia. It also discusses the foundational nursing concepts and the role of RNs in providing care for type 2 diabetes patients. Legal codes and standards related to diabetes care are also mentioned.
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Diabetes Diabetes being a disease causes excessive blood glucose (sugar) levels while rising it to higher than normal and hence also called hyperglycemia. The different types of diabetes include type 1, type 2, and a condition called gestational diabetes (Mingrone et al., 2012). A person’s body having diabetes, either doe not generate enough or insulin, or it can’t use the insulin it does make very well, or both. Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Type-2 diabetes typically consists of a series of dysfunctions by hyperglycemia and causing by the combination of less insulin secretion, resistance to insulin act, and excessive glucagon secretion exactly like in the image shown below (Leroith, 2012): Understanding Type 2 Diabetes Foundational nursing concepts of type-2 Diabetes 1.Screening, prevention and early detection of type 2 diabetes 2.Promoting self-care 3.Mental health care 4.Nutrition 5.Urine monitoring 6.Blood glucose monitoring 7.Injectable therapies Role of RN while providing caring in type-2 Diabetes The RN plays a vital role in early detection of diabetes and hence one is able to manage and intervene the patient’s condition early on. Thus, RNs should have a specialist qualifications in diabetes. RNs should be qualified to prescribe well (Leroith, 2012).The RNs require to have a detailed knowledge base of oral therapy and insulin's. RNs play a role of key professionals while deciding on treatment’scommencementandtypewhichisappropriate. Therefore, by a regular screening and constant care, the RNs are capable to decide when oral medication requires adjusting as well as when insulin doses require titrating. In this way, RNs play a major role while providing a high quality service which empowers patientsformanagingtheirconditionandavertillnessand hospital admissions. Professional Frameworks, Legal Codesand Standards and Ethical Codes of Decision- Making Prevention Identification Clinical care of adults patients Empowering humans with diabetes Clinical care of children and young people Care of diabetic patients during admission to hospital Pregnancy and Diabetes Management of diabetic emergencies Management and Detection of long-term complications (Wang, 2016) Informed consent and treatment Legal codes and standards Food Standards Australia New Zealand Act 1991 The Spam Act 2003 The Privacy Act 1988 Aged Care Act 1997 National Health Act 1953 Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act 2009 References •Diabetes Australia. (2015)General practice management of type 2 diabetes.[PDF] Available at: https://static.diabetesaustralia.com.au/s/fileassets/diabetes-australia/ 5ed214a6-4cff-490f-a283-bc8279fe3b2f.pdf [Accessed on 17/05/2019]. •Leroith, D. (2012) Pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome: implications for the cardiometabolic risks associated with type 2 diabetes.The American journal of the medical sciences, 343(1), pp.13-16. •Mingrone, G., Panunzi, S., De Gaetano, A., Guidone, C., Iaconelli, A., Leccesi, L., Nanni, G., Pomp, A., Castagneto, M., Ghirlanda, G. and Rubino, F. (2012) Bariatric surgery versus conventional medical therapy for type 2 diabetes.New England Journal of Medicine, 366(17), pp.1577-1585. •Wang, C.C. (2016) Closing the gap in nursing education: Comparing nursing registration systems in Australia and China.Chinese Nursing Research, 3(1), pp.1-6.