Understanding the World of Tourism: Positive and Negative Impacts

This report explores the contemporary world of tourism and its positive and negative impacts on the economy, environment, and culture. It discusses the impact of tourism on employment, foreign exchange earnings, pollution, flora and fauna, heritage infrastructure, and cross-cultural exchange. The report concludes that while tourism has its pros and cons, its positive influence contains more power than negative factors.

Understanding World
of Tourism

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
References:.......................................................................................................................................5
Books and Journals.................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
In the contemporary environment the world of tourism is highly diversified and vast in size and
nature. Tourism is one of the major contributors in the economy of UK because they not only
help the generating revenue but also increase the employment rate of the UK (Timothy, 2019).
Tourism in simple words is the travel for the entertainment or business purpose in which people
move one place to another to experience entertainment and fun or for the business tour and trip.
The tourism can be at international or local level depending on the needs and income of
individual. Within the tourism industry there are the many different small and large size industry
such as accommodation, entertainment, hotel industry, travelling etc. UK millions of Euros in the
economy has been contributed by the tourism sector and also in the modern world the tourism is
rapidly expanding in terms of popularity and through the variety of IT services which creating
large number of occupations. Present report on the world of tourism will discuss the concept of
contemporary tourism. Further in the report positive and negative Economic, environmental and
socio- cultural impact of tourism is highlighted.
MAIN BODY
The tourism industry is evolving constantly which is making the difficult for the researches
to study the contemporary tourism which is an international approach that represents a roar and a
refreshing study of modern tourism. The contemporary tourism highly considered the issues such
as changing order of the world poor tourism destination marketing ethics based on tourism etc.
The most concerned factor for the contemporary tourism is the ongoing threat of terrorism and
health scares (Adie, 2019). Currently chicken temperature tourism is highly important but is also
misinterpreted phenomenal at the global level. It is a form of tourism which was acquired by
many developed countries in order to develop both emerging and future economies. UK tourism
is one of the world's largest industries that it has a significant contribution to the environmental
change as well as also acts as an agent for the cultural interaction. Development of the traditional
tourism to the contemporary tourism system has four elements under the tourism system that is
source region, transit route, destination region and environment. The beginning of Western
Europe in 17th century the tourism became the product of modern social arrangement all at that
time there were antecedents in classical antiquity. Therefore, contemporary tourism is the most
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modern type of tourism, and the aviation industry has benefited a lot from the transformation of
tourism from railways to airlines. This means that the technology has been effectively used in the
tourism industry (Ateljevic, 2020). Contemporary tourism also has an impact on the destination’s
economy, environment and culture, and provides growth and glory for the destination because
tourists make the place popular and visible in the world.
Positive and negative economic impact of tourism
Positive impact
 Higher employment opportunities: the most positive influence of the tourism is over
the employment of the country. Through tourism directly and indirectly job opportunities
are created for local, regional and national level citizens. With Tourism job are created in
industries like food and beverages, travel, entertainment etc. This helps the country in
increasing the employment rate which results in higher GDP rate of the country (Higgins-
Desbiolles, 2018).
 Foreign exchange earnings: the tourism expenditure is helpful for the host country in
generating the economy as when the people travel internationally they operate in foreign
currency which leads to foreign exchange earnings. Therefore, some country acquires or
attracts visitors in order to gain the benefit of foreign exchange earning in developing the
economic growth (Çelik, 2021).
Negative impact
 Increased cost of development: In order to keep running the flow of tourism in host
country the government has to invest more cost in development of the Tourism industry
which results in higher opportunity cost. Also due to some extra investment to beautify
the area extra cost is required which is invested by the government (Paramati, Alam and
Lau, 2018).
 Increased prices of goods and services: with the tourism the demand of goods and
services is increased to great extent and due to lower production of some goods and
services that are seasonal (Santa-Cruz and López-Guzmán, 2017). The prices of such
items are increased that also cause problem to local people as they also have to pay more
money for the same goods and services as the tourist pay. The increased prices
sometimes also lead to lower sales of goods and services which may decrease or impact
the economic growth.
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Positive and negative environmental impact of tourism
Positive impact
 Protection and prevention of flora and fauna: there are many destinations whose
attraction is flora and fauna and by which tourism is accelerated at those places. In order
to continue the same the government and local people of the host destination preserve
their flora and fauna. This indirectly preserves and conserves the wildlife and plants
which is positive symbol for the environment. Also this helps in maintaining the beauty
of the planet for the future generation to experience (Buckley, 2018).
 Prevention of heritage infrastructure: the ancient heritage are the part of the
environment and it is very to maintain their beauty as they attract the visitors in the
tourism industry. The tourism is useful in preventing the heritage infrastructure from
being damaged or harmed by any human cause (Kongbuamai and et. al., 2020).
Negative impact
 Increase of pollution: with the tourism there are large numbers of visitors that visit
different destinations by travelling from one place to another. This increases the
consumption of public transportation in return resulting in higher air pollution. Also due
to tourism soil pollution is increased as people throw plastics and other decomposable
items in soil (Cannonier, and Burke, 2019).
 Cutting of plants and forests: in order to create land for the building of hotels, resorts
and other tourism related infrastructure the plants and forests are cut. This brings a major
negative impact on environment as the cutting of trees and forest decreases the changes
of rain and also due to this many climatic changes occur. Also cutting of forest in order to
gain land also decreases the level of oxygen as the plants and forest create high amount of
O2 (Ferreira, Castro and Gomes, 2020).
Positive and negative socio- cultural impact of tourism
Positive impact
 Cross cultural exchange: The international tourism is highly useful in fostering the
cross cultural exchange. As with the tourism for the business purpose some people make
some alliances with the vendors of other country in order to have export and import of
goods and services (Akadiri, Akadiri and Alola, 2019). This cross cultural exchange
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between two countries is positive as through this harmony is maintained between two
countries.
 Revival of traditional cultural arts and arts: when the people go for vacation in the
foreign country there is very great exposure of new culture. The revival of traditional arts
and crafts is the most positive influence of Tourism. By this two country’s learn about
each other culture and also gain experience of each other’s arts and foods (Nassani and et.
al., 2019).
Negative impact
 Commercialization of culture: with the tourism there is the commercialization of many
products and services and among all this the most negative impact of tourism is the
commercialization of the culture. This hurts the people that have cultural sensitivity and
pray and worship their culture as the highest authority. Thus these factors also lead to
internal disputes between the members of same culture (Carneiro and Eusébio, 2019).
 Increased issue of crimes and terrorism: with the contemporary tourism the issues of
crimes and terrorism have become very often, the crimes have increased to great extent.
This causes a risk to the safety and security of the citizens. This is the most negative
factors out off all as the terrorism not only risk lives of people but also of the nation
(Brauer, Dymitrow and Tribe, 2019).
CONCLUSION
It is concluded form the above information that for every developing and developed country the
full emergence of tourist is highly important in order to have sustainable and sound financial
economies. The tourism helps the countries in increasing their economy. The modern
contemporary tourism industry is more attractive, diversified and has huge potential in increasing
the economy of destinations are local and national level. The tourism has most positive impact
on economy by generating the higher foreign exchange earnings. The tourism also brings a
positive impact on the environment by preserving the flora and fauna and the heritage
infrastructure from being collapsed. Thus, the culture is always impacted positively with the
tourism as through international tourism the cross cultural exchange is established in friendly
manner. But the tourism also has its own negative impact on the economy by adding the
opportunity cost and also on the environment there are negative impacts such as increase of
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pollution. Thus, tourism has its own pros and cons but positive influence of the tourism contain
more power of negative factors.
References:
Books and Journals
Adie, B.A., 2019. World Heritage and tourism: Marketing and management. Routledge.
Akadiri, S.S., Akadiri, A.C. and Alola, U.V., 2019. Is there growth impact of tourism? Evidence
from selected small island states. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(12), pp.1480-1498.
Ateljevic, I., 2020. Transforming the (tourism) world for good and (re) generating the potential
‘new normal’. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), pp.467-475.
Brauer, R., Dymitrow, M. and Tribe, J., 2019. The impact of tourism research. Annals of
Tourism Research, 77, pp.64-78.
Buckley, R., 2018. Tourism and natural World Heritage: A complicated relationship. Journal of
Travel Research, 57(5), pp.563-578.
Cannonier, C. and Burke, M.G., 2019. The economic growth impact of tourism in Small Island
Developing States—evidence from the Caribbean. Tourism Economics, 25(1), pp.85-108.
Carneiro, M.J. and Eusébio, C., 2019. Factors influencing the impact of tourism on
happiness. Anatolia, 30(4), pp.475-496.
Çelik, S., 2021. Factors Affecting the Impact of Tourism on Attitude Change: A Qualitative
Research. In Role and Impact of Tourism in Peacebuilding and Conflict
Transformation (pp. 238-254). IGI Global.
Ferreira, F.A., Castro, C. and Gomes, A.S., 2020, October. Positive and Negative Social-
Cultural, Economic and Environmental Impacts of Tourism on Residents.
In International Conference on Tourism, Technology and Systems (pp. 288-298).
Springer, Singapore.
Higgins-Desbiolles, F., 2018. Sustainable tourism: Sustaining tourism or something
more?. Tourism management perspectives, 25, pp.157-160.
Kongbuamai, N and et. al., 2020. The impact of tourism and natural resources on the ecological
footprint: a case study of ASEAN countries. Environmental Science and Pollution
Research, 27(16), pp.19251-19264.
Nassani, A.A and et. al., 2019. The impact of tourism and finance on women
empowerment. Journal of Policy Modeling, 41(2), pp.234-254.
Paramati, S.R., Alam, M.S. and Lau, C.K.M., 2018. The effect of tourism investment on tourism
development and CO2 emissions: empirical evidence from the EU nations. Journal of
Sustainable Tourism, 26(9), pp.1587-1607.
Santa-Cruz, F.G. and López-Guzmán, T., 2017. Culture, tourism and world heritage
sites. Tourism Management Perspectives, 24, pp.111-116.
Timothy, D.J., 2019. Globalisation: the shrinking world of tourism. In Handbook of
Globalisation and Tourism. Edward Elgar Publishing.
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