Understanding the World of Tourism: Development, Impacts, and Future

This report covers the development of contemporary tourism, positive and negative economic impacts, positive and negative environmental impacts, and positive and negative socio-cultural impacts of tourism. It also discusses the historical development of tourism and the future of the industry. The tourism industry is the biggest globally and is essential for the economic development of a country. However, it brings both positive and negative impacts on the environment, society, and culture. Governments need to take initiatives to promote sustainable tourism for the growth of the industry and the country.

Understanding the
World of Tourism

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Development of contemporary tourism..................................................................................1
Positive and negative economic impacts of tourism..............................................................2
Positive and negative environmental impacts of tourism.......................................................3
Positive and negative socio-cultural impacts of tourism........................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
References:.......................................................................................................................................5
Books and Journals.................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is an activity in which people move from one place to another which is away
from their homes to spend quality time with their family friends. It can be for other purposes also
but tourism is a modern way which begun from Western Europe in 17th century. Tourism
industry is that one which involves all the activities and procedures which is used and managed
by the tourists and these are used by them in the stage of travelling(Capocchi and et. al., 2020) .
This industry is the biggest considering globally and the countries earn good amount of revenue
from this industry. This is the only reason by which government promotes the development of
such type of industry in their countries. Contemporary tourism is that tourism which is
considered to be essential for the development of economy and which also tries to bring some
changes on the culture and on environment. This report will cover development of contemporary
tourism, positive and negative economic impacts of tourism, positive and negative environmental
impact of tourism and positive and negative socio-cultural impact of tourism.
Development of contemporary tourism
Contemporary tourism is the most essential part in the tourism sector which has helped in the
development of many developed and emerging economies. It is the essential part which is
helpful in the economic development of a country(Litvin, 2020) (Dolezal, 2019). This industry
is now considered to be the most important sector which is providing good turnover to the
government and they are also taking initiatives to promote such things. Contemporary tourism is
basically an international approach which includes the issues which are faced under the tourism
sector, environmental issues and the crisis with the waste management. In general it provides the
description of the threats and opportunities which are there in the tourism sector of different
countries(Hwang and Lyu, 2018). The contemporary tourism has four significant factors which
are mentioned below-
 generating or source region
 transit route
 destination region
 environment
Tourism in a global way is now being considered to be the most developed one in which it has
helped in increasing the gross domestic product (GDP) of a country and also provided
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employment to the people. The boom of tourism industry is continued and the industry is making
the development in the use of technology which is the most important part for making any of the
thing to be developed(Biryukov and et. al., 2019) (Fyall, 2019). This industry has helped a lot in
brining success to the local economy and business the most. Every country is trying to make
theirs the most amazing and excellent one so that consumers can experience the best things by
visiting those places which will be the most beneficial for the success and growth of countries.
Historical development in tourism
 Pre-historic period travel- The travelling in this period began from 2 million to 20
thousand years ago which involved few people who were not organized but their were
explorers which was not for leisure activities.
 Ancient time travel- It was only limited to Europe in which the Greek travelled to
explore the sites of healing gorge whose motive is just to engage themselves in religious
festivals.
 Renaissance period tourism- This period was from 17-18th century where the
construction of hotels was made for the tourism attractions.
 Industrial period tourism- The technology was developed during this period which was
from 19-20th century. There was a improvement in the transportation which has led to
tourism business. Modern tourism- Now, it has become the biggest industry including many number of
people which has contributed a lot more to GDP.
Positive and negative economic impacts of tourism
Economic impacts of tourism will be considered as those which are helping the economy in their
development which will include more revenue generation, growth in GDP percentage, more jobs
etc. But with the positive factors there are some negative factors also which is created by tourism
on the economy and those are discussed below-
Positive impact-
 Creation of jobs- With the development in a tourism industry it is very clear that there
will be more generation of jobs(Adam, Agyeiwaah and Dayour, 2021). This means when
people from different places and countries will be coming to visit certain places then at
that time there will be the requirement of more things and this will be helpful for creating
opportunities for unemployed people.
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 Revenue generation for the country- When people from different places will come to
visit specific places then at that point they will be helping in making foreign exchange.
The revenue will be generated in the form of providing jobs which will be helpful in
increasing the per capita income of people(Nunkoo, 2019).
Negative impact-
 Jobs are seasonal- It is a fact that tourism helps in providing job as people will come
to visit the places so at that time they will stay in hotels and there will be the
requirement in restaurants also(Moghadam and et. al., 2020). But tourist comes to
visit the places for a specific period of time which makes it seasonal jobs.
 Increase in prices- It has been seen that when the time will come of people coming to
visit the places then the prices in local shops increases(McCartney and Chen, 2020). The
reason for this is higher demand of things and they also thinks of earning more money
during that duration. This is the only reason why local people have to suffer a lot during
this time period.
Positive and negative environmental impacts of tourism
Tourism also makes an impact on the environment which is on the basis of both the sides which
includes the positive and negative and these factors are discussed below-
Positive impact-
 Preserving local heritage- For increasing the revenue which comes from the tourism
then at this point the authorities of a specific country will try to protect the local
heritage(Yusuf, Samsura and Yuwono, 2018). This is sometimes being ignored by them
only and because of tourism this thing is saved and protected. Higher water quality- When the tourist will come from different places then the
authorities of that country will try to ensure that all the facilities are provided to them are
effective. This includes providing better quality of water which is essential for the people
who are coming and for those who are living.
Negative impact-
 Increased level of pollution- When the tourist arrives in any of the specific destination
of a world then at this phase the chances of pollution are large(Yu, Wen and Meng,
2020). The reason for this is there will be heavy use of vehicles for picking the people to
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the destination and this will create heavy traffic jams resulting in excess air pollution in
the environment.
 Disturbance of local culture- When people from other places will come to visit the sites
of any place then the local people will admire them with the way they carry themselves.
This will be the time when there will be loss of local culture as people will try to copy
them which is called as a demonstration effect.
Positive and negative socio-cultural impacts of tourism
Tourism makes an effect on the social and cultural elements of the particular place and this helps
in strengthening the religion and cultures. As people from other places comes to visit the place
which are having direct interaction with the society or the people living there and the cultures for
which the place is famous(Kickul and Lyons, 2020). But still there are some positive and
negative impacts which the socio-cultural factors make and those are discussed below-
Positive impact- Improvement in local life- Tourism is considered to be the largest industry in the world
and which has some power to make effective changes in the society. This includes
providing better improvement in life of local people who are staying there by providing
them the facilities which might not be made without tourist(Armenski, Dwyer and
Pavluković, 2018). Thus, the increase in tourism will help the local people in getting all
the facilities which are important for the living and that includes employment, healthcare,
education etc.
Negative impact-
 Social change- This is a well known fact that when people from other places will come
to visit any of the place then local people will admire them a lot. With the increase in
tourism there will be direct effect on the social change because people will start choosing
their lifestyles and this can create hurdle and loss of culture which existed before the
tourism(Oviedo-García, González-Rodríguez and Vega-Vázquez, 2019).
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CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that contemporary tourism is that tourism which
brings various changes on the environment, social-cultural factors and others. Tourism is a
biggest industry and with this the growth of countries are also dependent and such type of
tourism is helpful to make changes emerging and the developed economies. As known to be the
biggest industry this sector brings some changes which is both positive and negative in their
aspects. In the future this industry can bring good changes in the economic growth which will be
ultimately helpful in the tax revenues and personal income of the people. Environmental impacts
are also there in this industry which can be in a positive way or in a negative way. With the
increase in tourism and the excitement of people to visit different areas globally which has
helped in making good changes for the countries as they also make some efforts to bring good
things in their place. It is the responsibility of a government to make initiative so that the tourism
can be increased on a global scale.
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References:
Books and Journals
Adam, I., Agyeiwaah, E. and Dayour, F., 2021. Understanding the social identity, motivations,
and sustainable behaviour among backpackers: a clustering approach. Journal of Travel
& Tourism Marketing. 38(2). pp.139-154.
Armenski, T., Dwyer, L. and Pavluković, V., 2018. Destination competitiveness: Public and
private sector tourism management in Serbia. Journal of travel research. 57(3). pp.384-
398.
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Biryukov, V.A. and et. al., 2019. Formation of a tourism entrepreneurial environment in the
conditions of competition. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism. 10(8
(40)). pp.1779-1784.
Capocchi, A. and et. al., 2020. Is ‘overtourism’a new issue in tourism development or just a new
term for an already known phenomenon?. Current Issues in Tourism. 23(18). pp.2235-
2239.
Dolezal, C., 2019. Being in the field in Bali: A reflection on fieldwork challenges in community-
based tourism research. In Tourism Ethnographies (pp. 97-111). Routledge.
Fyall, A., 2019. Tourism destination re-positioning and strategies. In The future of tourism (pp.
271-283). Springer, Cham.
Hwang, J. and Lyu, S.O., 2018. Understanding first-class passengers' luxury value perceptions in
the US airline industry. Tourism Management Perspectives. 28. pp.29-40.
Kickul, J. and Lyons, T.S., 2020. Understanding social entrepreneurship: The relentless pursuit
of mission in an ever changing world. Routledge.
Litvin, S.W., 2020. Review and commentary tourism and peace: A review and
commentary. Tourism Review International. 23(3-4). pp.173-181.
McCartney, G. and Chen, Y., 2020. Co-creation tourism in an ancient Chinese town. Journal of
China Tourism Research. 16(2). pp.159-182.
Moghadam, F.N. and et. al., 2020. In search a medical tourism marketing pattern in Iran: The
case of cultural sensitivities. International Journal of Healthcare Management, pp.1-6.
Nunkoo, R., 2019. The Routledge Handbook of Tourism Impacts: Theoretical and Applied
Perspectives. Routledge.
Oviedo-García, M.Á., González-Rodríguez, M.R. and Vega-Vázquez, M., 2019. Does sun-and-
sea all-inclusive tourism contribute to poverty alleviation and/or income inequality
reduction? The case of the Dominican Republic. Journal of Travel Research. 58(6).
pp.995-1013.
Yu, C.E., Wen, J. and Meng, F., 2020. Defining physician-assisted suicide tourism and
travel. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. 44(4). pp.694-703.
Yusuf, M., Samsura, D.A.A. and Yuwono, P.S.H., 2018. Toward a framework for an
undergraduate academic tourism curriculum in Indonesian Universities: Some
perspectives from stakeholders. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Education. 22. pp.63-74.
ONLINE
Contemporary Tourism, 2018 [online] Available through:< https://qs-gen.com/contemporary-
tourism-2/
>.
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Evolution and Historical Development of Tourism, 2021 [online] Available
through:<https://sites.google.com/site/worldtourisminformation/home/introduction-to-
tourism-and-travel/evolution-and-historical-development-of-tourism
>.
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