Understanding the World of Tourism: Positive and Negative Impacts on Economy, Environment and Socio-Culture

This essay explores the positive and negative impacts of tourism on economy, environment and socio-culture. It discusses contemporary tourism and its factors, including source region, transmit route and destination region. The essay also covers the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism industry.

UNDERSTANDING THE
WORLD OF TOURISM

Table of Content.
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is a process in which people spending their time away from home in following
of relaxation, pleasure and recreation while making use of the commercial provision of services.
It is a relationship which are develop from the travel and stay non residence as they do not lead
to stay permanently. Most of the people make plans to travelling different locations or countries
for enjoyment and relaxation (Guo et. al., (2018)). Tourism industry is a large range of business
which is associated with the many industries. This may include hospitality, travel company and
transportation and these are give the better services according ,ng to the demand of the tourist
and satisfying the need of customers (Alsamawi, Fritz & Yamano, (2021)). As per WHO,
duration of staying at non residence in leisure time for one or less than year is explained as
tourism. Tourism have negative and positive impact on social, economical, culture and
environmental conditions. This essay includes the development of contemporary tourism and
negative and positive impact of the tourism on economic socio-culture and environmental
impacts (Ruhanen, Moyle & Moyle, (2018)).
MAIN BODY
In the today's era, there is trend for visiting at different locations and popular spot in
spare time continues to grow and this give the rise to the tourism industry. For now, the tourism
industries were very affected as they are close completely in the pandemic. After the pandemic
of Covid-19, the ratio of the people visiting other locations or places was the highest and it result
in prospering the tourism industry (Alizadeh, Mirzaei, & Dittmann, (2021)). Contemporary
tourism is an international approach which presents a new approach to considering the issue
arising in the tourism such as poor tourism facilities marketing, destination and tourism ethics.
There are some internal and external factors by which these industries grow and declines.
External factor includes political, economic, social and technological on the other hand internal
factor includes corporate culture, staffing, finance and current technologies (Avraham, (2020)).
Contemporary tourism also provides the security and risk management plans of actions. It is
seeking to understand the interrelationship between customers and producers. The primary focus
of many tourism is that provide different places or destinations that people want to travel
according to their choice to satisfy their motivations for particular experiences (Beh & Lin,
(2021)).
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There are some significant factors of contemporary tourism which includes generating or
source region, transmit route and destination region. Source or generating region is the factor in
which the places are form where the journey beings and ends. It includes the permanent
residence of the tourist. The major marketing functions of the tourist industry are conducted
there which includes promotion, advertising wholesaling and retailing (Volgger, Taplin & Pforr,
(2019)). It is also described as the location of the basic market of the tourist industry and give the
source of actual tourism demand. Transmit route is the factor which introduce the path through
the region across where the tourist must travel to reach their destinations. It is build a
relationship between source region and destination which includes train, bus services. These
facilities also give the accommodation, separate toilets and food where the tourist want to stop
according to their demand or choice of final destination. Destination region is explained as the
region of tourist demand to visit and is the essential factor of the tourism. This includes the
natural factors, social factors, recreations, historical factors, shopping facilities and food as well
as shelter. It includes the locations which attract tourists to stay temporarily and those features
which constitutional contribute to that attractions (Hobbs, (2019)).
Tourism have negative as well as positive effect on the destination of tourist. The
economic effects on tourism which consider employment opportunities, increment in standard of
livings, improvement in tax revues and personal wedges. Economic factor is described as
through which the financial and economic condition of the country is determined. The tourism
industry contributes directly 3.6% and indirectly 10.3% in the worlds domestic products (Tighe
& Daffen, (2018)). The impact of tourism on economic conditions of the country is divided into
three categories. The first category is including the expenditure made by the tourism, second is
the spending done by business and the last one is the capital which is being inverted. The
positive impact of economics are the happiness and wellbeing of the communities or the tourist.
A positive impact of economic includes the high qualities life to the tourist communities,
increment in jobs and provides the wealthy environment. Direct contribution in the economic is
done when the tourist purchases any good or services. This includes the food and beverages,
hotels, entertainment facilities and any other thing which is being purchased (McGrath & (2020).
Negative impact of economic occurs as the population increases then the natural resources
becomes unsustainable and exhausted. Foreign companies hire non-resident workers and pay
them lower wages which can affect contributes to economic leakage. The most significant factor
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of negative economic impact of tourism is to decrease the traditional employment and over
dependency of the local people (Wondirad, (2019)).
Environmental effects on tourism which may be positive as well as negative. Tourism
cause stress on local land use and can lead to soil erosion, natural habitat loss, increased
population and generated more pressure on endangered variety (Cater, 2019). Tourism help to
ensure higher water quality and better resources for protection of nature and local natural
resources. Environmental effects are associated with the rainforest, lakes and rivers or marine
environment. These natural resources are degraded because of increment in the vulnerability,
natural disaster which includes flood, earthquake etc. (Chong, (2020)). These are affected by
more population, waste water treatment, raw material, food security and loss of more
biodiversity. The positive impacts increase the safety awareness of the natural origin, creation of
natural parks, enforces the protection of the environment, maintenance and repair the heritage. It
is also cause negative impact on environment. In the negative impact of the environment tourism
by the cause of over pollution, poor air quality, unhygienic food, burning fossil fuels and
polluted water. Pollution is increased by the over consumptions of single use plastic as well as
smoke which are generated by the vehicles. These pollutions can affect the human being as well
as wild life. Tourist are visited at different locations and create the waste plastics and non-
biodegradable products. These affect the country's natural resources along with the natural
beauty (Hall, (2018)).
The socio-cultural is explained as the interaction between the people of different culture
provides the platform to know about the various culture. These are also explaining as the human
impacts on tourism industry. This affect with an importance on changes in the quality of daily
life residence at the tourist locations (Tleuberdinova, Salauatova, & Pratt, (2022)). The cultural
impact is related with the transformation in traditional values, norms and identities arising from
tourism. It give the both positive and negative impacts on the tourism. It is associated with the
social changes which includes lives of local people, life style changes and overall increase in
taxes. It is help to generated new facilities for the tourists as well as benefit locals. This is also
assist in the preserving the local culture and heritage, give the provision of social services,
commercialization of culture and art forms (Pan, et. al. (2018)). The positive social impacts in
tourism includes learning about various cultures and increasing tolerance through investing in art
and culture and community pride. This is help to make money from tourists that can be used to
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protect the natural landscapes. It develops the greater demands for local food and crafts. This
increase in demand for public services which increase the more opportunity for the employees
(Khalid, Okafor and Burzynska, (2021)). There are also has the negative effect of socio-culture
on tourism. This includes the social changes and values and cause changes in moral & behaviour.
It is also increase the problems with tourist and local communities relationship. This is decrease
the job because it becomes the job seasonal and based on the time of year. The negative effect
includes tourism, relocation of traditional communities. During Covid-19, this made all the local
people employed, as they were fully depended on the visitor for their living lively hood (Dangi
& Petrick, (2021)).
CONCLUSION
From the above essay, it has been concluded as the tourism is an important factor that can
affect on the development of country economic. The main importance of the tourism is create
income and generate new job opportunities for the people. There are both positive and negative
impact of the economical, environment and socio-cultural effect on the tourism. It is also
referring to improvement and protection of natural sources which are beneficial for the
development of the country. This is also help for the foreign exchange earnings and attract the
number of foreign tourist. Tourism give the opportunity to person for different cultures to
assimilate together. The negative impact of these factors on tourism that includes expenditure,
time consuming, environmental hazards and ecological balance. It is also affect the wild life and
interruption on socio-cultural and economic setup.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Alizadeh, M., Mirzaei, R. & Dittmann, A., (2021). Climate change and its potential impacts on
sustainable tourism development. Anatolia, 32(3), pp.443-455.
Alsamawi, A., Fritz, O., & Yamano, N. (2021). Measuring Economic Impacts of International
Tourism Activities: A Global Inter-Country Input–Output Approach. In Regional
Science Perspectives on Tourism and Hospitality (pp. 211-232). Springer, Cham.
Avraham, E., (2020). Nation branding and marketing strategies for combatting tourism crises
and stereotypes toward destinations. Journal of Business Research, 116, pp.711-720.
Beh, L.S. & Lin, W.L., (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on ASEAN tourism industry. Journal of
Asian Public Policy, pp.1-21.
Cater, C., (2019). History of space tourism. In Space Tourism. Emerald Publishing Limited.
Chong, K. L. (2020). The side effects of mass tourism: the voices of Bali islanders. Asia Pacific
Journal of Tourism Research, 25(2), 157-169.
Dangi, T. B., & Petrick, J. F. (2021). Enhancing the role of tourism governance to improve
collaborative participation, responsiveness, representation and inclusion for sustainable
community-based tourism: A case study. International Journal of Tourism Cities.
Guo, Y., et. al., (2018). Examining the relationship between social capital and community
residents' perceived resilience in tourism destinations. Journal of Sustainable
Tourism, 26(6), pp.973-986.
Hall, C. M. (2018). Climate change and its impacts on coastal tourism: Regional assessments,
gaps and issues. Global climate change and coastal tourism: Recognizing problems,
managing solutions and future expectations, 27-48.
Hobbs, N. (2019). International Students as Tourists: Implications for Educators. In The Study of
Food, Tourism, Hospitality and Events (pp. 203-212). Springer, Singapore.
Khalid, U., Okafor, L.E. & Burzynska, K., (2021). Does the size of the tourism sector influence
the economic policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic?. Current Issues in
Tourism, 24(19), pp.2801-2820.
McGrath, G. M., et. al., (2020). Teaching sustainability in tourism education: a teaching
simulation. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(5), 795-812.
Pan, S. Y., Gao, M., Kim, H., Shah, K. J., Pei, S. L., & Chiang, P. C. (2018). Advances and
challenges in sustainable tourism toward a green economy. Science of the total
environment, 635, 452-469.
Ruhanen, L., Moyle, C.L. & Moyle, B., (2018). New directions in sustainable tourism
research. Tourism Review.
Tighe, P., & Daffen, L. (2018). Asbestos waste disposal in Australia: contemporary challenges
and opportunities for improvement. AUSTRALIAN ENVIRONMENT REVIEW, 33(4),
95-101.
Tleuberdinova, A., Salauatova, D., & Pratt, S. (2022). Assessing tourism destination
competitiveness: the case of Kazakhstan. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism,
Leisure and Events, 1-19.
Volgger, M., Taplin, R., & Pforr, C. (2019). The evolution of ‘Airbnb-tourism’: Demand-side
dynamics around international use of peer-to-peer accommodation in Australia. Annals
of Tourism Research, 75, 322-337.
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Wondirad, A. (2019). Retracing the past, comprehending the present and contemplating the
future of cruise tourism through a meta-analysis of journal publications. Marine
Policy, 108, 103618.
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