Understanding the World of Tourism: Positive and Negative Impacts on Economy, Environment, and Socio-Culture

This essay explores the positive and negative impacts of tourism on economy, environment, and socio-culture. It discusses the importance of sustainable tourism and measures being taken to reduce the negative impacts. The essay also highlights the role of tourism in creating employment opportunities and improving infrastructure. Subject: Tourism, Course Code: NA, Course Name: NA, College/University: NA

Essay

Table of Contents
INTRDOUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................1
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................2

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is a human action or an activity of spending time out of the home in order to
change frame of mind or feel delight by using commercial source. This is an industry which is
connected to the opinion of person or a group of persons who travel to different places whether
in their own nation or the other country for different purposes such as leisure, social or business
and so on(Higgins-Desbiolles, 2020). The modern tourism is a global formulation which
represents a new and fresh concept to examine tourism by taking into consideration the
challenges which the world is facing currently. It highlights the ongoing threats and health
anxiety that is currently faced by tourism industry. In this report, contemporary issues related to
tourism is taken into consideration. The will explain the thought of how development of tourism
industry can be done with significant factors(Gabor,and Oltean, 2019). The concept will also
help in understanding the positive and negative impact on economic, environmental and socio-
culture tourism.
The tourism industry is changing constantly and play a crucial role in developing the
world that is related to the economic growth. It encourages profitability to the country, creates
thousand of lines to work, develop the structure of a nation and evolve awareness about the
culture of different countries (Nikazachenko and et. al., 2018). The worldwide opportunities for
employment have been created by tourism industry that may include agriculture sector,
communication sectors, health sectors and educational sectors. Tourism creates great
opportunities to the young entrepreneurs to establish new products or services which allow them
to gain profits. Government also rely on the tourism for getting the revenue from the investment
made for the development of the nation. It makes effort to bring more tourist for visiting their
land where facilities are also enhanced for safety purpose. Many tourist travel to the hosting
destination which is beneficial for the restaurants, shopping centres and stores as it increase their
revenue(Goffi, Cucculelli and Masiero, 2019). Organisation authorities also make profits from
demonstration of location and guiding tourists. There are certain key factors which affects the
development of tourism industry that includes economic factors, socio culture factor and
environmental factors. Tourism is the fast growing industries in many countries which invest a
good amount to the GDP of the the country. Even the people who were not able to enjoy their
holidays out of the country are able to go out presently. Socio-culture also plays an important
role because people are generally friendly towards tourists. People also like various culture,
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spoken language, religion and customs of another country and visit there to experience
them(Suhartanto and et. al., 2020). The environment is also got damaged due to increase in the
pollution, carbon emission, amount of waste and sewage etc.
Tourism industry have both positive and negative impact on the economy. This is
positively impacted in the sense of rising income as the living expenses of people are lower than
their income attained (Dixit,2020). The persons who were unable to go out earlier due to their
lower income, are now able to afford international tourism. The economic growth of the country
is increasing continuously which provide benefits to the commercial enterprise. Tourism industry
assists in improving the infrastructure which includes roads and rails improvement, airport
development, improvement in utilities such as water supply and telecommunication and so on.
Safe and innovative infrastructure allows smooth flow of good and services. The local people
also benefits from the improved facilities are provided to the tourists. Tourism industries also
have some negative impact on the economy which includes the prices of goods and services
which becomes high when lager number of visitors have come to an specific area. Due to this
problem local people also have to pay more for the respective products and services which mean
that shops that provide goods to tourist charge more than they charge from people who are living
there. Sometime, they contributes extra amount for extra services such as treatment facilities or
tourist information centres which are provided for the tourists. Another negative impact is over
dependency, when the number of tourists visiting particular area get reduce, this may result in
loss of employment and business closing(Konovalova and et. al, 2018). This can be caused when
the tastes and fashion changes at the respective place and the perspective of persons get change
which may affect economy of country. As the population increases so it do impacts to the
economy because resources are limited which may cause to unemployement.
Tourism industry has more counter effect on the environment than affirmative effect but
it is still creating awareness for careful environment management which would help in reducing
negative impact of tourism(Wang and et. al., 2020). There are many areas where tourism have a
negative outcome in the surroundings that can be forced to change. So, a initiative would be
taken where historical places and abandoned areas would be preserved and develop as tourist
attractions. The disused places would also be restored so that they can be utilized for the tourism
purposes. Tourism can also help in increasing funds for the redevelopment activities of the
historic places such as palace, forts, church in order to safe for the country's economic
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improvement. The tourism level is getting increased and also improving because people like to
go out to freshen up themselves anywhere in the world which led to a massive increment in the
pollution levels from the air plane, ships, and other vehicles(.Garau-Vadell and et. al., 2018).
This can cause atmospheric pollution which contribute to climate change. The air pollution is the
main cause of polluting the environment and building as well. The noise pollution is also another
issue which are caused by the vehicles which becomes threat to the safety of the people and
animals. The people also make the water contaminate by throwing garbage in this. Another
negative environmental impact of tourism is congestion and overcrowding which increases the
carbon emissions in the area and traffic become jam on the roads which result in wasting of time
or pollution in the area that damage the ecosystem. This can occur when there are too many
visitors in a beach, walking around an historic town or trying to reach a viewpoint at natural
attraction(Eslami and et. al. 2018). Due to over tourism flora and fauna or the entire ecosystems
are getting destroyed at natural destination due to environmental issues. It also lead to the large
amount of accumulation of waste which creates problem of disposal and impurity.
Socio-culture factors also affect the tourism industry in positive way because cultural
tourism has become a trend for the people mainly in youngster where they choose the
destination that is based on social media, influencers, television programmes and films. It is a
motivating factor for travelling which encourages coming together with new people and learn
their different cultures. Tourism also help in greater understanding among persons living in
different societies(Akadiri and et. al., 2020). Another positive impact is cultural curiosity in
which people want to know more about the foreign taste worldwide where they want to visit and
experiences their cultures as well. Tourist gains a greater respect for the life style of the citizen
living in the area where they visit. This also lead to improve the skills of local communities and
their social status also. The citizen who are living there, are also encouraged to undertake
education and training so that they get enable themselves to be a part of the social development.
Socio-culture factor also have negative impact on the tourism industry. These are related to the
conflict between tourist and the community. Consequently, people who are living in the area
dislike visiting of tourist at their places because some traditional roles are lost in order to provide
tourist service. The people living at the particular place think that their culture and believes are
minimise due to the behaviour of the tourist. Also local language might be lost because people
prefer to use international languages. It also includes the crime which may increase in the area
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because of more visiting of tourist at a place with their social problems.(Dirushanth, 2018). The
another negative impact is seasonal employment where people have work for the limited time or
when the tourists visit their places. The local shops might be closed that are open solely for the
tourists and their traditional jobs also get lost as an area switches focus in providing for tourist
needs. The government develop plan of action to maintain a flow of visitors throughout the year
which result in reducing the impact of seasonal unemployment(Jehan and et. al., 2022). These
issues are more common in certain destination that are less developed.
In conclusion, it is fair to say that environmental factor plays an important role in
tourism industries which has major negative impact of pollution which is needed to be dealt with
for the tourism industry to become more sustainable. The major environmental changes caused
by mas tourism which has damaged the ecosystem, cognition, pollution, increase in carbon
emission and so on. There has been a growing acceptance of the harmful environmental impacts
of travelling for which more measure are being taken to help in reducing the impacts. Tourists
also increase the amount of waste and sewage in the area which is needed to be dealt in
sustainable manner. Government authorities also has taken several initiatives to reduce the
pollution and trying to make the better environment and make the beaches safer for the tourists.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Higgins-Desbiolles, F., 2020. The “war over tourism”: Challenges to sustainable tourism in the
tourism academy after COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(4).pp.551-569.
Gabor, M.R. and Oltean, F.D., 2019. Babymoon tourism between emotional well-being service
for medical tourism and niche tourism. Development and awareness on Romanian
educated women. Tourism Management, 70.pp.170-175.
Nikazachenko and et. al., 2018. Modern approaches to assess tourism industry-related
environment. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, 9(2 (26)).pp.298-303.
Goffi, G., Cucculelli, M. and Masiero, L., 2019. Fostering tourism destination competitiveness in
developing countries: The role of sustainability. Journal of cleaner production, 209,
pp.101-115.
Suhartanto and et. al., 2020. Tourist loyalty in creative tourism: the role of experience quality,
value, satisfaction, and motivation. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(7).pp.867-879.
Dixit, S.K., 2020. Marketing gastronomic tourism experiences. The Routledge handbook of
tourism experience management and marketing.pp.322-335.
Konovalova and et. al, 2018. Forming approaches to strategic management and development of
tourism and hospitality industry in the regions. Journal of Environmental Management &
Tourism, 9(2 (26)), pp.241-247.
Wang and et. al., 2020. Dynamic assessment of tourism carrying capacity and its impacts on
tourism economic growth in urban tourism destinations in China. Journal of Destination
Marketing & Management, 15, p.100383.
Garau-Vadell and et. al., 2018. Economic crisis and residents’ perception of the impacts of
tourism in mass tourism destinations. Journal of destination marketing &
management, 7.pp.68-75.
Wang and et. al., 2020. Dynamic assessment of tourism carrying capacity and its impacts on
tourism economic growth in urban tourism destinations in China. Journal of Destination
Marketing & Management, 15.p.100383.
Eslami and et. al. 2018. IMPACT OF NON-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON
RESIDENTS'SUPPORT FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN
LANGKAWI ISLAND, MALAYSIA. Economics & Sociology, 11(4), p.181.
Akadiri and et. al., 2020. Examining the causal impacts of tourism, globalization, economic
growth and carbon emissions in tourism island territories: bootstrap panel Granger
causality analysis. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(4).pp.470-484.
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Dirushanth, Y.P., 2018. The Impact of Tourist Activities on Economics, Socio-Culture Aspects
of Host Community in Kalkudah Zone (Doctoral dissertation, Uva Wellassa University
of Sri Lanka).
Jehan and et. al., 2022. Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Tourism on Local
Community in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan: a Local Community Prospective. Journal of the
Knowledge Economy.pp.1-20.
Sudana and et. al., 2020. Impact of Backpacker Tourists on the Social, Economic and
Environmental Aspects in Ubud, Bali, Indonesia. Journal of Social and Political
Sciences, 3(4).
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