Preparing and Using Lathes for Turning Operations (Doc)
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This document covers all the possible 21 questions/queries based on th "Unit 011 - Preparing and using lathes for turningoperations". Check out another document on "Using Lathe in Turning Operations" if you want get more about lathe and turning operations.
Preparing and Using Lathes for Turning Operations (Doc)
Added on 2020-04-15
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Unit 011 Preparing and using lathes for turning operationsUnderpinning knowledge1.Describe the safe working practices and procedures to be followed when preparing and using lathesSafety Practices Wearing fitting overalls and boots is critical in protective gear. Safety googles prevent harming the eyesight when shaping the wood or metal pieces. Have safety equipment and attire for preventing sharp objects and particles. Remove jewellery, accessories or hanging clothesSafety ProceduresIt is important to monitor the rotating drive. Having proper mounting of tools is important. Checking for damages and faults in machines prevents accidents. This monitoring process ensures that the instructor is aware of any gaps. Keeping clean is also an important measure for any rotating tool. Ensure that the tool has a correct isolation in the machine before the mounting process. Devices that require work-holding procedures must have well-fitting and adjustable machine guards. 2.Describe the hazards associated with the turning operations HazardsSharp parts or edges cause cuts and loose flying particles can prick or cut users and people around. Dust particles also hurt sensitive parts of a body like eyes and nose. Loud sounds cause noise pollution and interfere with the hearing. Breathing toxic dust from wood is harmful to the respiratory system. Falling metals can cause fatalities and loose hanging clothing may stick into rolling machines to cause choking. How to reduce risksObserve proper gear when working protects the user. For example wearing gloves when sanding protects the hands from friction and sharp cuts. Following procedures protects the people around. Safe practices are reminders of proper use of machines. Checking for proper functioning of the machines prevents accidents. Keep alert when using the machine to prevent operational risks. 3.Describe the personal protective equipment to be worn for the turning activities Turning operations in metals have sharp debris that can hurt the eyes. Safety glasses protects the eyes from such risks. Other parts of the body are also at risk and a face shield is an appropriate cover for the ultimate cover. It also serves as reliable protection for wood surfaces with turning processes that release toxic dust particles. Using a dust must is also a necessity. Turning also places the machine operator at risk of cuts and bruises[ CITATION Bah14 \l 1033 ]. Wearing fitting overalls and preventing avoiding hanging clothes prevents this danger. Tying long hair, removing any hanging jewellery prevents accidents caused by an entangled process
when using the machinery. Protective footwear prevents falls and hearing protection preventsthe eardrum (especially when the turning process is noisy).4.Describe the safety mechanisms on the machine Safety on MachinesIt is important to minimise risks by using standard procedures when using machined and different equipment. Holding the machine firmly prevents unexpected turning. Operating the machine at low speed prevents a rough process that is more prone to flying particles. It is advisable to use proper speed for the specified surfaces. Using the right tools for cutting, and pressing know when to use emergency treadle breaks or stop buttons to avoid unnecessary injury. MaintenancePeriodic reviews or checking for proper functioning is an important maintenance strategy. As part of compliance, machine operators need training on how to use machines and operations. Removing the tool test when sanding, switching off the power when not in use and setting up the machine properly ensures that the parts are secure. Ensure secure mounting, checking for transmission, quality accessories, clamping and locking. 5.Describe the correct operation of the machine controls in both hand and power modes, how to stop the machine in both normal and emergency situations, and the procedure for restarting after an emergencyCorrect OperationWith the tools in perfect condition, use right tool for specific tasks. Ensure proper alignment measures. Keep proper maintenance by regular examination for faults. Check for cleanliness in the machine control. Follow the laid out manuals and manufacturer’s instructions. Position and secure properly. Prevent hazards and injuries through protective gear. How to stop the machine properlyStopping a machine in a normal situation involves switching off the machine process using the push button [ CITATION Woo12 \l 1033 ]. Use emergency stop in a hazardous event to avert injury or accident. Consider the risk on the person, machine or ongoing work. Restarting the machineComplete a safety checklist and use the switch mode or general-purpose switch to start a normal operation. 6.Explain how to plan and prepare to carry out the machining operations Check for safety measures, complete a machinery checklist, and report any hazards or safety concerns. Listen to the machines for odd smell and check the tools. Obtain the right documentation for the specific job. Use standardization measures for speed and positioning todetermine the machine required. Draw or use readymade designs for the proper machine sequence. Select the right material such as tool cuts for roughing and finishing cuts. Check for machine capabilities in accordance to ISO standardization and choose the work holding methods. Identify turning and drilling devices in order to determine the right frequency, rotating speed and cutting depth. Check for proper machine condition.
7.Explain how to use and extract information from engineering drawings and related specifications Identify and extract the specific information from the type of drawing. Start with the engineering type and its symbols. Check the title blocks and safety standardization (British Standard or ISO standardization). Refer to drawing specification including general isometricsand projections, abbreviation and symbols. These are important for standard dimensions, machine quality and catalogues. Interpret the third angle drawings by making the right elevations. Make sense of the imperial and metric measurement. Use the work piece reference points and system of tolerance for logical dimensions of the specifications. Accountfor operational requirements in the specifications given. 8.Describe the main features of the lathe and the accessories that can be used The main parts, influencing the speed and rotation are the bed, which is the main body with bolted components. On its left is the headstock, which acts, supports the gear chain and spindle. The lead screw is below the bed and it moves the carriage automatically. The tool post is for holding the tool in the right position. The chuck, which has either four or three jaws, holds the workspace. Bolted on the floor, the legs carry the machine load. The Chip panholds all chips from the work piece and the speed controller monitors speed. The spindle holds the chuck and rotates it while the guide ways monitors the tail stock movement and, carriage. Others are the lead screw, gear chain, tool post and cross slide, and split nut. The carriage has a cast iron material and is between the head and stock. On it is the apron with accessories for moving and controlling the carriage. Attachments are the taper turning, profile, fixed and travel steadies. Fixed and travelling steadies are found in the work piece and other accessories are the saddle, capstan/turret head, and compound slide, 9.Explain how to position and secure workholding devices to the machine spindle, and the checks to be made Clean the machine or seating position and check for damages. Choose the machine configuration through optimum alignment. Ensure that the workholding device location marks are in line with the machine spindle marks. Check the tightness of all bolts, cam locks and other tightening bolts. Make the necessary checks on carriage adjustments by hand. Check the right procedure for the power feeds depending on the type of machine. Secure the saddle and rotate the compound making adjustments using angle referencing.Check for cutting speed, spindle speed, work piece rigidity, lathe size, condition and material.These are important for depth cut and diameters. 10.Describe the effects of clamping the workpiece in a chuck/workholding device, and how this can cause damage or distortion in the finished components.Clamping applies improper pressure and reinforcement on the material and may cause a safety hazard leading to injury or damage work. This also interferes with the smooth operation of the work piece poor configuration could cause machine overwork, time and material wastage due to the damaged work. Inaccurate clamping arises from differences in
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