Impact of Workplace Discrimination on Employee's Age

This research focuses on the impact of workplace discrimination on the basis of employee's age. It explores the concept of workplace discrimination, its effects on employee performance and company productivity. The study also provides strategies to overcome age discrimination at the workplace. The research is based on Unilever, a British consumer goods firm operating internationally.

Unit 11
1

Executive summary
Equality and diversity is essential factor which need to maintain at the workplace because
that help in maintaining the workplace working culture. It also leads to developing as well as
maintaining the positive as well as smooth working culture for employees. There are several
types of workplace discriminate from which one main is age discriminate and it is essential for
management to overcome it effectively. Unilever is a British consumer good firm which is
operating at the international level. The research describe about impact of workplace
discrimination on the basis of employee’s age at the workplace.
2

Table of Contents
Executive summary .........................................................................................................................2
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
Background to the study.........................................................................................................4
Research topic........................................................................................................................4
Research aims.........................................................................................................................4
Research objectives................................................................................................................4
Rationale for the research.......................................................................................................5
Research questions.................................................................................................................5
Literature Review.............................................................................................................................5
Methodology and Data Collection...................................................................................................7
Research philosophy...............................................................................................................7
Research approaches..............................................................................................................7
Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods...............................................................7
Primary and secondary sources..............................................................................................8
Sampling methods..................................................................................................................9
Questionnaires........................................................................................................................9
Data analysis and interpretations...................................................................................................10
Research Outcomes........................................................................................................................17
Covered in PPT.....................................................................................................................17
Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................17
Recommendations .........................................................................................................................17
Reflection ......................................................................................................................................17
Recommendation of alternative research methodology ................................................................18
References......................................................................................................................................19
Appendix........................................................................................................................................20
3

Introduction
For each establishment it is necessary to follow equality and diversity at their work place
because this makes it capable to evolve and hold effective positive operative surroundings that
increase productivity and profitability (Bhave, Teo and Dalal, 2020). In order to develop as well
as maintain equality and diversity at workplace a company management need to ensure that their
must be no situation•••••••on related to the workplace discrimination. Workplace discrimination
is considered as situation when an employee do biasses with another one in respect of age,
colour, gender, position, salary and many more. Organisation selected for this research project is
Unilever which is a British consumer good firm operating at the international level. It is founded
by Lever Brothers in year 1929. Its head office is located at the London, England, United
Kingdom as well as the products of this firm are skin care, juice, tea, margarine, bottled water,
baby food, drinks, toothpaste, personal care, cleaning agents and many more. The respective
research is based on determining the impact of workplace discrimination on the basis of
employee’s age at the workplace.
Background to the study
Workplace discrimination is determined as situation where employees experienced
situation when they unfavouritism at the workplace on the basis of different aspects such as age,
colour, gender, position, salary and many others (Faroque, Ferdausy and Rahman, 2020). It is
essential for a company to understand and determine workplace discrimination situation which is
mainly arise on the basis of age of employees. By conducting research on respective topic
researcher able to develop their understanding related to age discrimination at the workplace.
According to which they can develop strategies as well as plan because that help in attaining the
desire goal.
Research topic
Equality and diversity at the workplace.
Research aims
“To determine impact of workplace discrimination on the basis of employee’s age at the
workplace. A study on Unilever.
Research objectives
 To analyse concept of workplace discrimination on the basis of age.
4

 To identify impact of age discrimination of the employees performance and company
productivity.
 To determine the ways through which workplace discrimination on the basis of
employee’s age can be overcome at workplace.
Rationale for the research
Researcher selected respective topic in order to conduct this research because it is one of
the main issues experienced by almost every company while performing their work. It is so
because in every company employees experienced issues related to age discrimination which is
one of the major issues that impact on the performance of employees. The primary purpose of
this research is identify the image of age discrimination on the performance of employees as well
as productivity of company (Gough, 2020). Along with this, researcher also want to identify the
ways through which workplace discrimination on the basis of employee’s age can be overcome
at workplace. This will help researcher in attaining their desire goal of researcher as well as they
also able to provide recommendations in order to conduct improvement at the workplace.
Research questions
 What is the concept of workplace discrimination on the basis of age?
 What are the impact of age discrimination on the employee’s performance and company
productivity?
 What are the ways through which workplace discrimination on the basis of employee’s
age can be overcome at workplace?
Literature Review
 What is the concept of workplace discrimination on the basis of age?
As per the view point of John Sherman, Esq. (2019), age discrimination is a act of
treating someone different from the other peoples because of their age. It is worse behaviour and
less favourably act which is done in the workplace because of their over age (What is Age
Discrimination in the Workplace? [Examples & FAQs], 2021). It is basically unfavourable
treatment towards employees because of the time of life. Masses who are age of 40 and aged
than it are secured from work favouritism for which act is passed as age discrimination in
employment act. It protects both the employees who are currently working and that one who are
seeking the task. It is forbidden in any state. Any act which is taken by the employer that effects
5

the employees are over 40 is also age discrimination. It impacts the working of an organisation
the employees feel demotivated because they do not get the equal opportunities to growth as
compared to the others. Not hiring an individual and fire them because the employer wants a
young person for the particular post. Not giving them promotion because they are too old all this
feel them unhappy. It effect seriously on the working environment of business large and small
too.
 What are the impact of age discrimination on the employee’s performance and
company productivity?
According to the view point of Andew Mayfair J.D. (2021), age discrimination is
considered as substantial detrimental which impact on the working environment of a business
unit. It is also determined that age discrimination impact or damage the positive as well as
efficient working relations at the workplace (The Consequences of Age Discrimination at Work,
2021). There are several aspects which show age discrimination impact on the employees
performance as well as company productivity. It is so because when there is age discrimination
employees lose their potential that directly or indirectly affect their productively negatively. It is
generally happen because employees are not treated equally on the basis of age which also affect
their productivity which get decreased. In addition to this, it also consider as impact of age
discrimination according to which company loss their employees. It is so because they face age
discrimination and due to that they not able to conduct work properly and effectively at the
workplace.
 What are the ways through which workplace discrimination on the basis of
employee’s age can be overcome at workplace?
As per the view point of Insperity staff of Texas (2021), it is essential for a company to
implement The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) in order to protect the people
who are more than 40 from getting discriminated on the basis of age at the workplace (6 top tips
for preventing ageism in the workplace, 2021). There are several ways by which workplace
discriminated on the basis of employee's age can be overcome effectively such as company may
adopt diverse culture at workplace according to which they hire people of different age group
and from different locations. In addition to this, it is essential for the management to develop
proper rules and regulation which is necessary to follow by all employees so that no one can do
discrimination to anyone on the basis of age or any other aspects.
6

Methodology and Data Collection
Research philosophy
Research philosophy is consider as belief about ways in that information or data about the
phenomenon must be gather, evaluate as well as used. There are several research philosophies
which a researcher may adopt in order to evaluate the information or plans based on the research
topic. These will include positivity as well as instructive (O’Connor and Kmec, 2020). In regards
of this investigation undertaking research worker is following positivity because through that
research worker will be capable to collect manifest content or information related to subject.
Furthermore it also help them in evaluating subject matter in proper way so that result can be
achieved with success.
Research approaches
The research approach is determined as procedure as well as plan which dwells of time
period of wide anticipations supported on the elaborated methods of information accumulation,
judgement as well as representation. The research approach is effectively bifurcated into two
categories such as approach used for data collection as well as approach of data evaluation or
reasoning. There are two types of research approach i.e. deductive and inductive. In regards of
this investigation and study, research worker is following deductive investigation because by
this they are capable of evaluating theory related to the development or creation of hypotheses in
proper manner. In addition to this, it help in collecting as well as evaluating information or data
in order to test collected hypotheses in proper manner.
Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods
 Qualitative method - Qualitative research is the process of gathering, examining as well
as understanding the non-numerical data, such as language. It is generally adopted in
order to understand how an individual understand and giving meaning to their social
reality (Palumbo and Manna, 2020). It can be characterized as a non numerical data in the
form of video ,texts, paragraph as well. There are different type of qualitative research
methods such as in-depth-interviews,case study research,documents etc. There are
various steps involve in the qualitative research are first of all data is collected form the
various sources than manage the data and familiarisation and coding of all data available
7

data, seeking, reviewing and defining themes, representing, account or narrative than
make the report of the research.
 Quantitative method - Quantitative research is conduct as a process in which data is
collected and analyse numerical data to report, anticipate or control uncertain of interest.
The main aim of quantitative research is to examine the basic relation between variables,
make articulation and generalize results to wide area of population. It is a used as a
theory to evaluate theory to support or reject it (Park and Lee, 2020). Quantitative data
provide the useful information to decision making. It is used to describe data in numerical
form.
In accordance of this investigation a research worker is utilising quantitative research
strategy and by that will be capable to collect and demonstrate the certain message affiliated to
subject matter. Furthermore it also assist in accomplishing the attainment of facts and figures
relevant to topic.
Primary and secondary sources
 Primary source – It is also known as first hand collected information. It is so because in
process researcher gather information or data related to topic by themselves. It is
considered as time taking method but through it an investigator can collect more
authenticate as well as reliable information which help researcher in attaining desire
outcome. There are several ways through which a researcher may adopt primary
information or data such as survey, questionnaires, interview as well as many more.
 Secondary source - It is considered as information which is gathered by a researcher from
the existing sources such as online or offline books, articles, government documents,
newspaper and many more. The benefits of this is that it is cost as well as time effective.
In addition to this, by respective source researcher can understand the perspective of
other authors (Sarwar and Muhammad, 2020). On the other hand, the information that is
available may not match the needs of the research and can be inefficient. This is because
the secondary sources are not necessarily focused on the specific research topic.
In this research, an investigator is adopting both primary research source as well as
secondary research source. In respect of primary source researchers is developing questionnaire
on the other hand in respect of secondary researcher is gathering information from existing
8

sources. This will include online as well as offline books, journals, articles, newspaper and many
more.
Sampling methods
Sampling is considered as procedure which is used in order to conduct statistical analysis
for which predetermined number of audiences are taken from a huge population. This is mainly
use to determine sample from the large population (Waite, 2020). In respect of this research
method researcher is adopting simple random sampling and the number of audiences selected is
50.
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Name -
Age -
Contact Number -
E mail ID -
Q 1. Do you have understanding regarding the equality and diversity?
a) Yes
b) No
Q 2. Do you think equality and diversity impact on the staff's performance as well as
productivity?
a) Yes
b) No
Q 3. What strategies a company may adopt in order to implement equality and diversity at the
workplace?
a) Develop fair culture
b) Always send clear message
c) Provide equal opportunities
d) All of the above
Q 4. Are you aware to the concept of workplace discrimination?
a) Yes
b) No
9

Q 5. What are the types of workplace discrimination occur in an organisation?
a) Age discrimination
b) Religious discrimination
c) National origin discrimination
d) All of the above
Q 6. Do you think age discrimination is an issues at the workplace?
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be
Q 7. What are the impact of age discrimination on the employee’s performance and company
productivity?
a) Decrease in employee productivity
b) Increase conflict situation
c) Decrease profitability of company
d) All of the above
Q 8. What are the ways through which workplace discrimination on the basis of employee’s age
can be overcome at workplace?
a) Motive employees
b) Provide training related to issues
c) Develop rules and policies
d) All of the above
Q 9. Is it is essential for Unilever to implement The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of
1967 at their workplace?
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be
Q 10. Do you want to provide any suggestions for conducting improvement …............................
…......................................................................................................................................................
…................................................................................................................................................. .
10

Data analysis and interpretations
Theme 1 - Understanding regarding the equality and diversity
Q 1. Do you have understanding regarding the equality and
diversity?
Frequency
a) Yes 40
b) No 10
Interpretation – the research worker of this undertaking and collect info from 50 respondents
and from which 40 are alert to the concept of equality and diversity at workplace. On the other
hand 10 are not aware to this concept so it is essential for company management to organize
session to aware employees about the concept.
Theme 2 - Equality and diversity impact on the staff's performance as well as productivity
Q 2. Do you think equality and diversity impact on the staff's
performance as well as productivity?
Frequency
a) Yes 35
b) No 15
11
40
10
a) Yes
b) No

Interpretation – In respect of above given graph it is determined that out of 50 respondents 35
think that equality and diversity impact on the staff's performance as well as productivity
whereas 15 are not in favour of same.
Theme 3 - Strategies a company may adopt in order to implement equality and diversity at the
workplace
Q 3. What strategies a company may adopt in order to
implement equality and diversity at the workplace?
Frequency
a) Develop fair culture 10
b) Always send clear message 10
c) Provide equal opportunities 10
d) All of the above 20
12
35
15
a) Yes
b) No

Interpretation – In respect of this graph it can be interpret that out of 50 respondents different
audiences have different perspective related to strategies a company may adopt in order to
implement equality and diversity at the workplace. Most of the respondents i.e. 20 think
strategies are develop fair culture, always send clear message and provide equal opportunities.
Theme 4 - The concept of workplace discrimination
Q 4. Are you aware to the concept of workplace discrimination? Frequency
a) Yes 40
b) No 10
Interpretation – According to this graph it is determined that out of 50 respondents 40 are aware
to the concept of workplace discrimination where as leftover 10 are not know about the same.
So company need to enhance their understanding about the same concept.
13
10
10
10
20
a) Develop fair culture
b) Always send clear
message
c) Provide equal
opportunities
d) All of the above
40
10
a) Yes
b) No

Theme 5 - The types of workplace discrimination occur in an organisation
Q 5. What are the types of workplace discrimination occur in an
organisation?
Frequency
a) Age discrimination 15
b) Religious discrimination 10
c) National origin discrimination 15
d) All of the above 10
Interpretation – In respect of 50 respondents they have different perspective related to types of
workplace discrimination occur in an organisation such as according to most of the respondents
i.e. 15 that is age discrimination as well as national origin discrimination. So it is essential for
company to avoid respective types of situation properly.
Theme 6 - Age discrimination is an issues at the workplace
Q 6. Do you think age discrimination is an issues at the
workplace?
Frequency
a) Yes 30
b) No 10
c) May be 10
14
15
10 15
10
a) Age discrimination
b) Religious discrimination
c) National origin
discrimination
d) All of the above

Interpretation – Researcher of this research gather information from 50 respondents and
according to that different perspective on age discrimination is an issues at the workplace. In
respect of 30 respondents they think it is a issues whereas according to 10 respondents it is not.
On the other hand according to 10 respondents it can be an issues or not be a issues at workplace.
Theme 7 - The impact of age discrimination on the employee’s performance and company
productivity
Q 7. What are the impact of age discrimination on the
employee’s performance and company productivity?
Frequency
a) Decrease in employee productivity 17
b) Increase conflict situation 8
c) Decrease profitability of company 10
d) All of the above 15
15
30 10
10
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be

Interpretation – Investigator want to know perspective of 50 respondents on the impact of age
discrimination on the employee’s performance and company productivity. From which most of
the respondents say that age discrimination leads to decrease in employee productivity. So it is
essential for every company to understand the issues and develop strategies and plans to resolve
it properly.
Theme 8 - The ways through which workplace discrimination on the basis of employee’s age
can be overcome at workplace
Q 8. What are the ways through which workplace
discrimination on the basis of employee’s age can be overcome
at workplace?
Frequency
a) Motive employees 16
b) Provide training related to issues 10
c) Develop rules and policies 9
d) All of the above 15
16
17
8 10
15
a) Decrease in employee
productivity
b) Increase conflict
situation
c) Decrease profitability of
company
d) All of the above

Interpretation – According to different numbers of audiences there are several ways through
which workplace discrimination on the basis of employee’s age can be overcome at workplace.
In respect of most of the respondents company strategies and plans must be based on the
motivating employees to work effectively.
Theme 9 - Essential for Unilever to implement The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of
1967 at their workplace
Q 9. Is it is essential for Unilever to implement The Age
Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 at their workplace?
Frequency
a) Yes 20
b) No 15
c) May be 15
17
16
10 9
15
a) Motive employees
b) Provide training related
to issues
c) Develop rules and
policies
d) All of the above

Interpretation – In regards of some of the respondents i.e. 20 out of 50 it is essential for Unilever
to implement The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 at their workplace. This is so
because that help in avoiding age discrimination at workplace.
Research Outcomes
Covered in PPT
Conclusion
Through the evaluation of above discussed topics it is determined that for every company
it is essential for management to develop strategies and plan in order to implement equality and
diversity at their workplace. It is determined that there are several types of discrimination
conducted at workplace such as based on age, nations, colour and so on. It is essential for
company management to develop strategies and plans related to age discrimination because that
is essential to resolve. It is so because that directly impact on the company's employees
performance and productivity.
Recommendations
By conducting evaluation of above mentioned topics it is determined that there are
several recommendations which a company may adopt in order to ensure that they are
conducting their work in smooth manner by adopting equality and diversity at workplace. In
respect of this it is essential to for a company to ensure that at the workplace their will be no
discrimination done on the basis of age of staffs. In addition to this there are several other
recommendations for a company management which help in avoiding respective situation such
as management must develop strict rules, regulations and policies as well as they must also
18
20
15
15
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be

ensure that everyone is strictly following it properly. Moreover, company may also organize
training session for employees so that they know how to work in team with different age group
people.
Reflection
While conducting this research I get to know several things about my self as I determined
that I have several skill which are my strengths as well as some of them are weaknesses. I
determined that my strength skills are communication skill as I effectively communicate with my
team members while conducting work. In addition to this I also able identify my some other
strength skills such as team working skill, understanding skill, problem solving skill and many
more. On the other hand I also determined my weak skills such as presentation skill, critical
analysis skill and so on. Moreover while conducting this research I enhance my understanding
related to workplace discrimination conducted on the basis of age.
Recommendation of alternative research methodology
In order to conduct this research, researcher develop questionnaire which is time taking
as well as not much helpful in gathering authenticate information. So in order to collect more
authenticate and reliable information an investigator may adopt different research methods such
as conduct interview. It is due to which aids in assemblage of more than manifest as well as
dependable message. Furthermore it also help in collecting deep and effective subject matter or
information accompanying to subject matter.
19

References
Books and Journals
Bhave, D.P., Teo, L.H. and Dalal, R.S., 2020. Privacy at work: A review and a research agenda
for a contested terrain. Journal of Management, 46(1), pp.127-164.
Faroque, O., Ferdausy, S. and Rahman, M.S., 2020. Factors affecting the job satisfaction of the
employees in the private commercial banks of Bangladesh. Journal of Management
Research, 6(1), pp.17-33.
Gough, M., 2020. A Tale of Two Forums: Employment Discrimination Outcomes in Arbitration
and Litigation. ILR Review, p.0019793920915876.
O’Connor, L.T. and Kmec, J.A., 2020. Is It Discrimination, or Fair and Deserved? How Beliefs
about Work, Family, and Gender Shape Recognition of Family Responsibilities
Discrimination. Social Currents, 7(3), pp.212-230.
Palumbo, R. and Manna, R., 2020. For better or for worse? Handling the side effects of
organizational change on workplace discrimination. Journal of Organizational Change
Management.
Park, J. and Lee, K.H., 2020. Organizational politics, work attitudes and performance: the
moderating role of age and public service motivation (PSM). International Review of
Public Administration, pp.1-21.
Sarwar, A. and Muhammad, L., 2020. Impact of employee perceptions of mistreatment on
organizational performance in the hotel industry. International Journal of
Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Waite, S., 2020. Should I Stay or Should I Go? Employment Discrimination and Workplace
Harassment against Transgender and Other Minority Employees in Canada’s Federal
Public Service. Journal of Homosexuality, pp.1-27.
Online
What is Age Discrimination in the Workplace? [Examples & FAQs]. 2021. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.johnshermanlaw.com/signs-of-age-discrimination-in-the-
workplace/>.
The Consequences of Age Discrimination at Work. 2021. [Online]. Available
through:<https://smallbusiness.chron.com/consequences-age-discrimination-work-
15806.html>.
6 top tips for preventing ageism in the workplace. 2021. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.insperity.com/blog/preventing-age-discrimination/>.
20

Appendix
RESEARCH PROPOSAL FORM
Student Name: ______________________ Student ID: ____________
Centre Name: _____________________
Tutor: ________________ Date: ___________________
Unit: ____________________
Proposed Title: Equality and diversity at the workplace.
Section One: Title, objective, responsibilities
Title or working title of the research project (in the form of a question, objective or
hypothesis)
“To determine impact of workplace discrimination on the basis of employee’s age at the
workplace. A study on Unilever.
Research objectives (e.g what is the question you want to answer? What do you want to
learn how to do? What do you want to find out?):
Research Objectives
 To analyse concept of workplace discrimination on the basis of age.
 To identify impact of age discrimination of the employees performance and company
productivity.
 To determine the ways through which workplace discrimination on the basis of
employee’s age can be overcome at workplace.
Research Questions
 What is the concept of workplace discrimination on the basis of age?
 What are the impact of age discrimination of the employee’s performance and
company productivity?
 What are the ways through which workplace discrimination on the basis of employee’s
age can be overcome at workplace?
Section Two: Reasons for choosing this research project
Reasons for choosing the project (e.g links to other subjects you are studying, personal
interest, future plans, knowledge/skills you want to improve, why the topic is important):
The main reason of conducting this research is that now it is essential for every company
21

management to develop as well as maintain equality and diversity at the workplace because
through it they able to ensure that all the works or operations are conducted in smooth manner.
This will also help in ensuring that every employees as well as employers are getting equal
chance which motivate them and ensuring that their productivity get enhanced which leads to
attaining high profitability as well as market shares. In is also determined that workplace
discrimination is based on several aspects on which main reason is age.
Section Three: Literature sources searched
Use of key literature sources to support your research question, objective or hypothesis:
 What is the concept of workplace discrimination on the basis of age?
According to the perspective of Paul Mckinney, (2020), age discrimination is considered
as aspect in which there s discrimination takes place among the employees on the basis of
age. It is so because in a company there are numbers of people working at the different
department and roles as well as their age are different that makes difference among them.
 What are the impact of age discrimination of the employee’s performance and
company productivity?
As per the view point of Ramanakumar Anam (2020), there are several impacts of age
discrimination on the employees as they feel demotivated as well as discourage that affect
their productivity. Due to age discrimination there is high change that it will leads to
increase in conflict situation which affect working environment negatively.
 What are the ways through which workplace discrimination on the basis of employee’s
age can be overcome at workplace?
According to the view point of Alison Doyle (2020), there are several strategies which can
be adopted by a company in order to avoid workplace discrimination on the basis of
employee’s age can be overcome at workplace such as they adopt anti discrimination law,
they may also develop proper law and ensure that every staffs follow it.
Online
What is Age Discrimination in the Workplace? - Definition, Cases & Examples. 2020.
[Online]. Available through: < https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-age-discrimination-
in-the-workplace-definition-cases-examples.html>.
The consequences of age discrimination. 2020. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.longdom.org/proceedings/the-consequences-of-age-discrimination-
22

51563.html>.
Age Discrimination Issues That Workers Face. 2020. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.thebalancecareers.com/age-discrimination-issues-in-the-workplace-2058453 >.
Section Four: Activities and timescales
Activities to be carried out during the research project (e.g research,
development and analysis of ideas, writing, data collection, numerical
analysis, tutor meetings, production of final outcome, evaluation, writing
the report):
Activities Start time End time
Introduction 20/02/20 26/02/20
Aims and Objectives 27/02/20 09/03/20
Literature review 10/03/20 27/03/20
Research methodology 20/03/20 22/04/20
Submission of Research
proposal
23/04/20 27/04/20
Data collection 28/04/20 04/06/20
Data Analysis 05/06/20 07/07/20
Conclusion and
Recommendations
08/07/20 15/07/20
Recommendations 16/07/20 21/07/20
Submission of final
project
27/07/20 23/07/20
How long this
will take:
Milestone one: _________________
Target date (set by tutor): ____________________
Milestone two: _______________________
Target date (set by tutor): ______________________
Gantt Chart
23

Section Five: Research approach and methodologies
What type of research approach and methodologies are you likely to use and why? What
your areas of research will cover:
Research methodology
Research philosophy – It is determined as belied which is considered as way in which
24

information about the phenomenon will be gathered, evaluated and used. The word
epistemology that means, what is considered as a true which opposed to the doxology which is
related to believe which is true are the aspects which encompasses several philosophies of the
research. There are different types of research philosophy such as pragmatism, positivism,
realism and interpretivism. In respect of respective research project manager is adopting
positivism because through that they can evaluate information and data in more effective way
that provide proper outcome.
Research approach – It is considered as plan as well as procedure which consist of phase
related to broad assumptions of the detailed methods related to data collection, analysis or
evaluation as well as interpretation. In addition to this, it mainly based on the nature of
research issues which are being addressed in the file. There are mainly two types of research
approach i.e. deductive as well as inductive. In respect of respective research project manager
is adopting deductive research approach because through it research able to evaluate theory to
developing or creating hypotheses. Moreover, it will also help in collecting as well as
analyzing information to test collected hypotheses.
Research strategy – It is considered as strategies which are adopted by researcher in order to
gather information or data related to topic so that they can get proper outcome.
 Qualitative research – It is considered as methods through which researcher able to
gather qualitative information for the research. The respective method is effective
when researcher will use inductive approach as well as intrepretivism approach. It will
include methods resources like observation, clinical research, and content analysis and
so on.
 Quantitative research – It is considered as methods through which researcher able to
gather and analyze statistical as well as numerical information that help in attaining
desire goal as well as outcome successfully. It is effective for the deductive as well as
positivism approach that is used in respective research. In addition to this, resources
which can be adopted in respective method are survey, questions, observations and
many more.
In respect of respective research project manager is adopting quantitative research
strategy because that will help them in gathering authenticate as well as reliable
25

information related to topic.
Research methods – It is considered as sources through which researcher able to gather
authenticates as well as reliable information related to topic. There are two research methods
i.e. primary methods as well as secondary method.
 Primary method – It is considered as method through which researcher able to gather
information or data related to topic by themselves. This is also known as first hand
gathering information as well as these is more authenticate as well as reliable
information. But it is time taking as well as costly method. In respect of this researcher
may adopt several methods such as questionnaire, survey, observation and so on.
 Secondary method – It is considered as method according to which researcher gather
information from the existing sources as well as documents. It is time as well as cost
effective. It is also effective because through this researcher able to evaluate other
authors perspective on the similar topic. In this researcher mainly search information
in old books, online articles, newspaper and so on.
In respect of respective research project manager is adopting both primary as well as
secondary research method because through it they able to gather authenticate information for
the project. For primary method researcher is developing questionnaire and for secondary they
find information from existing sources.
Sampling methods – The sample size selected by respective research researcher is 50
respondents and they are the employees of respective firm.
Comments and agreement from tutor
Comments (optional):
I confirm that the project is not work which has been or will be submitted for another
qualification and is appropriate.
Agreed: ________________ (name)_______________ Date ______________
Comments and agreement form project proposal checker( IV sampling)
Comments (Optional):
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I confirm that the project is appropriate.
Agreed /Disagree: (Name of the IV) Date
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RESEARCH ETHICS APPROVAL FORM
All students conducting research activity that involves human participants or the use of data
collected form human participants are required to gain ethical approval before commencing their
research. Please answer all relevant questions and note that your form may be returned if
incomplete.
For further support and guidance please see your respective Unit Tutor:
Before completing this form, we advise that you discuss your proposed research fully with your
unit tutor. Please complete this form in good time before your research project is due to
commence.
Section 1: Basic details:
Project title: Equality and diversity at the workplace.
Student name:
Student ID number:
Programme:
College Name:
Intended research start date:
Intended research end date:
Section 2 Project summary
Please select all research methods that you plan to use as a part of your project:
 Interviews Yes No
 Questionnaires Yes No
 Observations Yes No
 Use of personal records Yes No
 Data Analysis Yes No
 Action Research Yes No
 Focus Groups Yes No
 Others (Please specify) :
Section 3: Participants
Please answer the following questions, giving full details where necessary.
Will your research involve human participants?
Yes
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Who are the participants? Tick all that apply:
Ages 12-16: Young people aged: 17-18 Adults: 20-30
How will participants be recruited (identified an approached)?
Through random sample sampling method.
Describe the processes you will use to inform participants about what you are doing:
By using e mail source.
How will you obtain consent from participants? Will this be written? How will it be made
clear to participants that they may withdraw consent to participate at any time?
Yes consent is in written form and it will be based on responses related to questionnaire.
Studies involving questionnaires: will participants be given the option of omitting
questions that do not wish to answer?
Yes No
If no please explain why below and ensure that you cover any ethical issues arising from this
Studies involving observation: Confirm whether participants will be asked for their
informed consent to be observed.
Yes No
Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation (i.e give them a brief
explanation of the study)?
Yes No
Will participants be given information about the findings of your study?(This could be a
brief summary of your findings in general)
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Yes No
Section 4: Data Storage and Security
Confirm that all personal data will be stored and processed in compliance with the Data
Protection Act (1998)
Yes No
Who will have access to the data and personal information?
Project manager can access it.
During the research:
Where will the data be stored?
Stored in personal computer.
Will mobile devices such as USB storage and laptops be used
Yes No
If Yes, please provide further details:
After the research:
Where will the data be stored?
Stored in personal computer.
How long will the data and records be kept for and in what format?
Will data be kept for use by other researchers? Yes No
Section 5 : Ethical Issues
Are there any particular features of your proposed work, which may raise ethical concerns? If
so, please outline how you will deal with these:
It is important that you demonstrate your awareness of potential risks that may arise because of
your research. Please consider/address all issues that may apply. Ethical concerns may include,
but are not limited to the following :
 Informed consent.
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 Potentially vulnerable participants.
 Sensitive topics
 Risk to participants and /or researchers
 Confidentiality/anonymity
 Disclosures/ limits to confidentiality
 Data storage and security, both during and after the research (including transfer,
sharing, encryption, protection).
 Reporting
 Dissemination and use of your findings.
Section 6: Declaration
I have read, understood and will abide by the institution’s Research and Ethics Policy:
Yes No
I have discussed the ethical issues relating to my research with my Unit Tutor:
Yes No
I confirm that to the best of my knowledge:
The above information is correct, and this is a full description of the ethical issues that
may arise in the course of my research
Name: Date:
Please submit your completed form to your supervisor and also attach to the Research
Proposal when submitting to Turnitin.
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