This research project focuses on workplace discrimination and the importance of implementing equality and diversity practices to eliminate discrimination. The study is based on Marks and Spencer, a multinational retailer.
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Research Project (Equality and Diversity in the workplace)
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 Research aim...............................................................................................................................1 Research objectives.....................................................................................................................1 Research questions......................................................................................................................1 Rationale of the research.............................................................................................................2 LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................2 Meaning and importance of workplace discrimination...............................................................2 Different practices related to equality & diversity in order to reducediscrimination from the workplace....................................................................................................................................2 Benefits attain by M&S with the help of reducing workplace discrimination by implementing equality and diversity practices...................................................................................................2 METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION...........................................................................2 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS...........................................................................3 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.............................................................................16 Recommendation.......................................................................................................................16 Conclusion.................................................................................................................................16 REFLECTION AND ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................16 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................18
Title: Workplace discrimination INTRODUCTION As per current scenario, workplace discrimination is consider as a major issue that faced by majority of organisation. In this, discrimination in the working environment is based on different prejudices and also occurs when an employee is treated biased and unfavourably due to race, gender, religion, disability and many more (Ali and Konrad, 2017). This may negatively affect employee performance as at the same time it also may create issues and conflicts among employees at working area. Thus, it is significant for director of company to assure that each and every workers treated fairly so that the can perform well and also tries to develop positive or healthy relation with others. Current research is based on Marks and Spencer, is British multinational retailer that operate their business in around the globe for create huge returns. Company also focus on eliminating issue of workplace discriminate by implementing equality and diversity practices at working area. Research aim “To investigate the importance of executing equality as well as diversity practices within the workplace in order to eliminate discrimination”. A study on (M&S) Marks and Spencer Research objectives To understand the concept and importance of workplace discrimination To examinedifferent practicesrelatedto equality& diversity in order to reduce discrimination from the workplace. ToassessvariousbenefitsattainbyM&Swiththehelpofreducingworkplace discrimination by implementing equality and diversity practices. Research questions What is the meaning and importance of workplace discrimination? What are the different practices related to equality & diversity in order to reduce discrimination from the workplace? What are the various benefits attain by M&S with the help of reducing workplace discrimination by implementing equality and diversity practices? 1
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Rationale of the research The main purpose of carry out current investigation is to explore the significance of executingequalityanddiversitypracticeswithintheworkplaceinordertoeliminate discrimination. This topic provide vast information to investigator that contributes in improving the chances of accomplish optimistic results. In addition to this, it also help investigator in increasing skills and knowledge in specified area (Bernstein And et. al., 2019). It may also support them in their career growth and make them able to investigate further research to analysis the aspects of workplace discrimination. In addition to this, it is also beneficial for business organisation in promoting equality and diversity at workplace so that company can attain competitive success by reducing its employee turnover. LITERATURE REVIEW Meaning and importance of workplace discrimination According toTriana and et. al., (2019), workplace destination means taking adverse decision against unemployed in an organisation on the basis of the membership in various groups. In an organisation there are a number of instances where it can be seen that individuals are discriminated on the basis of various grounds which include religion, sex, caste, national origin or their physical disability. It is often seen that individuals are discriminated intentionally on various stereotypes basis for personal project is of some people. For example it can be taken if a woman in an organisation is requesting to work on production line there rejected on the basis ofassumptionthatwomandonotunderstandmachinerieswell.Itisnecessaryforan organisation to take various actions such as hiring people on the basis of only job related consideration, equal pay for both the genders at work, giving promotion opportunities to all the employees which is fully based on their performance and not on any other factor. Different practices related to equality & diversity in order to reducediscrimination from the workplace According toJeong (2017), it is necessary for employers as well as management to make sure that they are taking certain steps which might reduce discrimination in the workplace. Some of the steps can be documenting and treating all the employs same. It is often seen that organisations do not keep their records up to date due to which problem arises later on. The documentation and organisations should be fear and consistent which will help in treating all the 2
employs same. The company policies which are developed by organisation should have strict policy against harassment of employs. The definition of harassment and sexual harassment in these policies should also be clear in order to make sure that employees are aware about their rights.It is also necessary for management to make sure that when they are hiring an employee they are strictly sticking to all the job requirements rather than any other reason. Be sure while selecting employees for the organisation that all their skills and experiences are matching the vacancy in the organisation. In this way organisations can avoid any discrimination lawsuit against them. When someone files lawsuit against them for not hearing them with the believe of discrimination of prejudice it can have a negative impact on goodwill of organisation as well. Benefits attain by M&S with the help of reducing workplace discrimination by implementing equality and diversity practices According toKoburtay, Syed and Haloub (2020), when an organisation is effectively using equality and diversity in the workforce it helps them to add new skills to their team. People with which are coming from different backgrounds can bring their new experiences and a talent and skill in an organisation effectively to improve company’s performance. Diversity in organisation also helps in bringing in new innovations in the organisation successfully. When an organisation is supportive and diversity is used effectively in the organisation innovation in organisation is increased and it also creates more business output for theorganisation. When a business is using equality and diversity in their management they can easily open their activities in new markets. Introducing new people with a different cultural, social and geographical background helps in attaining new knowledge about potential markets throughout globe which is effective for businesses. METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION Types of investigation: It is significant for investigator to chose an appropriate one for executing investigation aspects because it can be helpful in achieving authentic and valid results in an investigation. It can be categorized as per of two typesincluding qualitative and quantitative research. In order to undertake current investigation, quantitative research will be applied because it help in gathering collection of information that is measurable in quality and also give authentic results. 3
Research philosophy: It is related with the content of phenomena where in data needs to be collected, analysed and interpretation. Under this, it is crucial responsibility of investigator for selecting a suitable techniques so that data can be easily analysed (Mizock and et. al., 2017). Mainly, it is determined in two philosophies such as positivism and interpretivism. As per present study, investigator will apply positivism research philosophy because researcher gained knowledge through observation which is measurable in nature trustworthy as well. Research approach: In executing as well as undertaking an investigation approach is refers to the plan and procedure that includes different steps of data collection, analysis and interpretation. It may support researcher in improving the possibilities of attaining reliable and authentic data (Sue And et. al., 2019). It includes two type of research approach such inductive and deductive. In this research, deductive research approach has been included as it is refers to the procedure of moving from premises to conclusion that is based on the fact and truth values. As it provide logical results in which researcher use observation to confirm the truth value and also get a valid conclusion within the investigation. Data collection: It is considered as an effectual procedure to assembling data from various sources with the aim of addressing the specified issues present in the research. Thus, it is crucial for researcher to select appropriate method for collecting information so that overall activities of investigation can be easily undertaken. Mainly, it is divided into two method of data collectionsuchasprimaryandsecondarysources.Bothmethodsareeffectiveinthis investigation to draw a meaningful judgement and reduce the chances of rise any issues. Along with this, primary method of data collection used to gather first-hand information in which researcher prepare a structured questionnaire filled from chosen participants. Apart from this, secondary method assist in providing detailed analysis as per specified research topic. In this, a systematic literature review is undertaken that includes viewpoints of different authors. It may support in attaining reliable results within the study. Sampling: At the time of carry out an investigation,choosing appropriate sample size is crucial because it support researcher in acquiring accurate and authentic data about the research topic. In this regards, it is consider as an important process of selecting sample size from the larger population with the aim of taking right judgement. It is categorised as per two techniques such as probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling (Manoharan and Singal, 2017). Under this research, probabilistic sampling will be implement by researcher in which respondents are 4
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chosen as per random basis also got equal chances to be selected for sharing their view points with researcher. By using this, 40 participants are selected who are the employee of business organisation. Cost-It is one of the most important consideration in an investigation. There is a need to an investigator to arrange the money so that all activities can be attained effectively. To make the whole study effective than it is necessary to keeping the sufficient money for completion of research activities. An investigator requires to cover all necessary expensed which are included in an investigation. To manage the funds, an investigator focusses on developing the money management plan. The cost to conducting research project is £1000. ParticularCosts (£) Implementing technology cost150 Promotional expense60 Internet charges500 Stationary charges90 Training charges200 Total cost1000 5
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS Questionnaire Q1) Are you aware about the issue of workplace discrimination? a) Yes b) No Q2)Accordingtoyou,doesworkplacediscriminationimpactovertheemployee performance at working area? a) Yes b) No Q3) In what manner workplace discrimination arise at working area of Marks and Spencer? a) On the basis of age b) On the basis of gender c) On the basis of race Q4) As per your point of view, promoting equality is necessary for eliminating issue of workplace discrimination within the company? a) Yes b) No Q5) What is the impact of workplace discrimination over the employee performance? a) Lack of employee involvement b) Increase conflicts among workers c) Reduce employee productivity Q6) What are thedifferent practices related to equality & diversity in order to reduce discrimination from the workplace? a) Effective training and development session b) Giving equal job and growth opportunities c) Encourage workers to take participate Q7) What are the different ways to promote equality and End workplace discrimination at working area of Marks and Spencer? a) Identify and prevent unconscious bias 6
b) Put equality policies in place c) Be proactive Q8) What kind of benefits achieve by M&S with the assistance of reducing workplace discrimination by implementing equality and diversity practices? a) Reduce employee turnover b) Develop positive relation c) Boost employee morale Q9) Does eliminating workplace discrimination help Marks and Spencer in retaining talent for longer period of time? a) Yes b) No Q10) Suggest the alternative ways that can be applied by Marks and Spencer in order to reduce workplace discrimination and promote equality. Frequency Table Q1) Are you aware about the issue of workplace discrimination?Frequency a) Yes30 b) No10 Q2) According to you, does workplace discrimination impact over the employee performance at working area? Frequency a) Yes35 b) No5 Q3) In what manner workplace discrimination arise at working area of Marks and Spencer? Frequency a) On the basis of age15 b) On the basis of gender15 c) On the basis of race10 7
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Q4) As per your point of view, promoting equality is necessary for eliminating issue of workplace discrimination within the company? Frequency a) Yes35 b) No5 Q5) What is the impact of workplace discrimination over the employee performance? Frequency a) Lack of employee involvement15 b) Increase conflicts among workers15 c) Reduce employee productivity10 Q6) What are thedifferent practices related to equality & diversity in order to reduce discrimination from the workplace? Frequency a) Effective training and development session20 b) Giving equal job and growth opportunities10 c) Encourage workers to take participate10 Q7)WhatarethedifferentwaystopromoteequalityandEnd workplace discrimination at working area of Marks and Spencer? Frequency a) Identify and prevent unconscious bias15 b) Put equality policies in place10 c) Be proactive15 Q8) What kind of benefits achieve by M&S with the assistance of reducingworkplacediscriminationbyimplementingequalityand diversity practices? Frequency a) Reduce employee turnover15 b) Develop positive relation15 c) Boost employee morale10 Q9)DoeseliminatingworkplacediscriminationhelpMarksandFrequency 8
Spencer in retaining talent for longer period of time? a) Yes30 b) No10 Theme 1: Awareness about the issue of workplace discrimination. Q1) Are you aware about the issue of workplace discrimination?Frequency a) Yes30 b) No10 Interpretation: In a dynamic business environment, workplace discrimination is consider as a major concern for mostly companies as it also affect the employee performance. In this type of issues, employees discriminated as per different basis that may increase the negative working environment. In relation to this, 30 out of 40 respondents think that they have enough awareness about the issue of workplace discrimination and how it affect the organisational activities. On the 9 30 10 a) Yes b) No
other hand, remaining 10 participants do not have enough acknowledgement and knowledge about the current theme. Theme 2: Workplace discrimination impact over the employee performance at working area. Q2) According to you, does workplace discrimination impact over the employee performance at working area? Frequency a) Yes35 b) No5 Interpretation: From the higher up mentioned graphic content it can be analysed that workplace discrimination is an issue or challenge for employee in which they get discriminated. This may affect their working activities and at the same time also reduce their morale towards their job responsibilities. Thus, it is crucial for company to ensure that each and every employee treated equally and does not discriminated at working area. In context to this, 35 participants give their views that discrimination at working area create conflict among workers and also make negative 10 35 5 a) Yes b) No
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working environment. Apart from this, remaining 5 respondents are not aware and familiar with current research theme. Theme 3: Workplace discrimination arise at working area of Marks and Spencer. Q3) In what manner workplace discrimination is arise at working area of Marks and Spencer? Frequency a) On the basis of age15 b) On the basis of gender15 c) On the basis of race10 Interpretation: In business organisation, workplace discrimination is one of the major concern because it directly affect the workers performance and at the same time also reduce company image. In addition to this, it also arise in different basis that can create negative working environment. As 15 out of 40 participants give their views that it can be arise on the basis of age in which employee get discriminated as per their age factor.In addition to this, 15 people said that workplace discrimination is occur as per gender in which female employee pay less as 11 15 15 10 a) On the basis of age b) On the basis of gender c) On the basis of race
compare to male. Furthermore, remaining 10 respondents think that race is also a major factor on which discrimination is arise at working area. Theme 4: Promoting equality is necessary for eliminating issue of workplace discrimination within the company. Q4) As per your point of view, promoting equality is necessary for eliminating issue of workplace discrimination within the company? Frequency a) Yes35 b) No5 Interpretation:Asperabove-namedgraphitcanbeevaluatedthatpromotingequality considered as an important activity for organisation. As it assist in give equal opportunities to each and every workers so that they can easily perform their job roles and also heighten their productiveness level. With the help of this, it may also eliminate the issue of workplace discrimination at working environment. In relation to this, 35 out of 40 participants give their views that promoting as well as implementing equality at working area may contributes in 12 35 5 a) Yes b) No
eliminating bias behaviour with employee. On the other hand, rest of 5 people think that sometime promoting equality is not enough to reduce discrimination at working area. Theme 5: Impact of workplace discrimination over the employee performance. Q5) What is the impact of workplace discrimination over the employee performance? Frequency a) Lack of employee involvement15 b) Increase conflicts among workers15 c) Reduce employee productivity10 Interpretation: Workplace discrimination is refers to the biggest challenges and issue in-front of company and its workers as well because it may create negative working environment wherein employee fail in attaining their set goals and objectives in allotted period of time. In this context, 15 out of 40 people give their views due to workplace discrimination worker are not involve in business activities and any kind of decision activities. It may put negative impact over the overall performance of company and its workforce as well. Along with this, 15 participants think that it 13 15 15 10 a) Lack of employee involvement b) Increase conflicts among workers c) Reduce employee productivity
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also increase the possibilities of creating conflicts among employees that may reduce the efficiencyatworkingarea.Furthermore,restof10respondentssaidthatworkplace discrimination reduce employee productivity at working area. All these impacts are increase employee turnover within the business organisation. Theme6:Differentpracticesrelatedtoequality&diversityinordertoreduce discrimination from the workplace. Q6) What are thedifferent practices related to equality & diversity in order to reduce discrimination from the workplace? Frequency a) Effective training and development session20 b) Giving equal job and growth opportunities10 c) Encourage workers to take participate10 Interpretation: it has been evaluated from the graph that it is important for company to implement appropriate practices related with equality and diversity with the aim of eliminate the challenge of workplace discrimination. This can be beneficial in improving employee and at the 14 20 10 10 a) Effective training and development session b) Giving equal job and growth opportunities c) Encourage workers to take participate
same time also enhance performance of the company. In context to this, 20 people think that effective training development session is one of the effective practice that make workers productive by improving their skills and knowledge. In addition to this, 10 participants think that giving equal and growth opportunities to employee also help in reducing discrimination. Furthermore, remaining 10 respondents said that encouraging workers to take participate in organisation activities is also an appropriate practice to motivate workforce to give their best efforts. Theme 7: Different ways to promote equality and End workplace discrimination at working area of Marks and Spencer. Q7) What are the different ways to promote equality and End workplace discrimination at working area of Marks and Spencer? Frequency a) Identify and prevent unconscious bias15 b) Put equality policies in place10 c) Be proactive15 15 15 10 15 a) Identify and prevent unconscious bias b) Put equality policies in place c) Be proactive
Interpretation: It is crucial for business organisation to promote equality at working area in which manager of company ensure that each and every employee treated fairly. This can be effective in protecting workers form any kind of workplace discrimination. As per view point of 15 respondents identify and prevent unconscious bias is consider as an effective way to promote equality at working area. Along with this, 10 participants think that put equality policies at working area is also refers to the appropriate way that can be used by company in order to promote equality at working area. On the other hand, remaining 15 people said that be proactive isalsoanappropriatewaytopromoteaswellasdevelopequalitysothatworkplace discrimination can be easily eliminated. Theme8:BenefitsachievebyM&Swiththeassistanceofreducingworkplace discrimination by implementing equality and diversity practices. Q8) What kind of benefits achieve by M&S with the assistance of reducingworkplacediscriminationbyimplementingequalityand diversity practices? Frequency a) Reduce employee turnover15 b) Develop positive relation15 c) Boost employee morale10 16
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Interpretation: As per preceding graphical representation it can be analysed that reducing workplace discrimination is an effective activity in which company focus on implementing equality and diversity practices. This will contributes in improving organisational performance and at the same time also develop positive relation among staff members. As 15 out of 40 people give their views that it may reduce employee turnover by keeping them more productive and efficient. Furthermore, 15 participants think that by reducing workplace discrimination company can motivate their workers to develop positive relation. Apart from this, 10 respondents think that it also may support in boosting employee morale as they feel more productive in putting their efforts for accomplishment of set targets in allotted period of time. Theme 9: Eliminating workplace discrimination help Marks and Spencer in retaining talent for longer period of time. Q9) Does eliminating workplace discrimination help Marks and Spencer in retaining talent for longer period of time? Frequency a) Yes30 b) No10 17 15 15 10 a) Reduce employee turnover b) Develop positive relation c) Boost employee morale
Interpretation: As per preceding graph it is analysed that eliminating workplace discrimination play a significant role in business organisation as it may aid in retaining top talent within the company for longer period of time. With the help of this, organisation can easily accomplish their set goals and objectives in an effective way. In this, 30 out of 40 people think that reducing discrimination at working area may help in improving employee performance and also retain them. This will improve positive performance of company at market place. Furthermore, remaining 10 participants are not agree with this statement. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Recommendation As per preceding research it has been suggested that analysing working proper working environmentiscrucialforeverybusinessorganisationasithelpindeterminingoverall performance at workplace. In this context, company is responsible for promoting equality and diversity practices like proper training and development session,Giving equal job and growth opportunities and Encourage workers to take participate at working area. This may beneficial in 18 30 10 a) Yes b) No
keeping employee engage and also encourage their motivation towards their job roles. In addition to this, manager of company needs to Identify and prevent unconscious bias and also put equality policies in place. It may directly contributes in analysing the bias and discriminate with employees. Through this, firm can easily reduce the employee turnover and keep them sustain within the workplace for longer period of time. For attaining the same, organisation needs to maintain or develop healthy working environment wherein each and every workers treated fairly and also get equal opportunities to succed. This can be contributes in attaining all the set targets and at the time also attain competitive advantage at market place. Conclusion From the above discussed research it can be summarised that maintaining as well as promoting equality at workplace is one of the important activity as it help in eliminating workplace discrimination. In addition to this, by providing training and development session as per continuous basis is also effective in improving workers performance. This can be beneficial in improving overall productivity of company and its workforce as well.Apart from this, it is important for manager to provide equal and fair treatment to all the employee because equal treatment at same workplace may reduce the possibilities of arising conflicts among workers. This will directly contributes in retaining employee for longer period of time and also reduce employee turnover. REFLECTION AND ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Reflection I am glad to take opportunity to carry out investigation about the significanceof executing equality and diversity practices at the workplace in order to eliminate discrimination. As a researcher, this research provide wider scope and analysis that helped me in taking right decision. For attaining the same, I have applied various methods for gathering data and information on the basis of particular research topic and area. Mainly, I have prepared a structured questionnaire as it is an effective way to collect first hand information. It help in analysing accurate information towards the specified research area. Apart from this, there are various issues related with insufficient cost and time are arise in-front of me at the time of collecting data. This can be put negative impact over the end results of the investigation. In order to overcome from these issues I have prepare a Gantt chart that consist entire activities 19
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performed in this investigation. With the help of this, I can able to complete study in allotted period of time. Alternative research methodology In this present investigation, information has been collected by using the primary method of data collection. In conducting the present investigation, there has been questionnaire has been used. The questionnaire is research instrument that includes set of the questions to gather information from chosen participants. The main reason behind using the questionnaire method is that it is time saving and easier to collect the more information from large number of the respondents. As an alternative methodology, interview could be considered as it is an effective way to gather primary information as it includes the open ended questions regarding the particular subject area. This will aid in rising the chances of accomplish authentic results within the research. The benefit of this method is to collect the in-depth information. the interviewer can judge non- verbal behaviour of participants. The disadvantage of using the interview is that it is time consuming and costly as comparison to the questionnaire. 20
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