Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3 P1 Analysis of organisational culture, power and politics on employees...................................3 M1 Critically analysis and affect of culture, politics and power................................................6 TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6 P2 Content and process theories to achieve organisational goals...............................................6 M2 Evaluation and outcome of motivation on behaviour of others............................................9 D1 Critical evaluation of all the above mentioned factors..........................................................9 TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9 P3 Effective team and its essential aspects.................................................................................9 M3 Group and team related theories.........................................................................................11 TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12 P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour......................................................12 M4 Evaluation of all concepts & philosophies related with the organisation behaviour..........13 D2 Evaluation of the relevance for different team development theories.................................13 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15
INTRODUCTION Organisational behaviour is the study of the behaviour of employees in an organisation so that the reasons behind their behaviour can be known which will help in motivating them so that they can improve their performance and productivity. This will help the company in achieving its aims and objectives on time as employees are the most useful asset for a company. Also this helps in understanding the impact of organisational structure, culture, communication, leadership etc. on the employee behaviour which can be changed so that their productivity can be enhanced. For studying the organisational behaviour Waitrose & Partners is taken which is a British supermarket chain which is known as largest employee owned retailer with its headquarters located in England, UK(Antonakis and House, 2013). It is the eighth largest retailer of groceries in UK with 5.1% market share having 353 retail outlets and 65 little Waitrose convenience shops. In this report the impact of organisational culture, politics and power on the employee behaviour will be studied in detail. Also the motivational and leadership along with their application so as to improve their performance will be studied so that all the employees can be made better at their efficiency to complete their work. TASK 1 P1 Analysis of organisational culture, power and politics on employees Employees use their skills and abilities to achieve the goals and aims of a company within time so that its sustainability, success and growth can be achieved. However, their behaviour is affected by the power, politics and culture that prevail in the organisation which affects their efficiency to perform well. Managers and leaders determine the politics and power exercised in the company whereas organisational structure determine its culture which have influence on behaviour of all the members of company(Chemers, 2014). Influence of organisational culture on team and individual behaviour: The shared assumptions, beliefs and values of all the members of company determine organisational culture and the way in which roles and responsibilities are assigned and performed to achieve company goals. Various organisational cultures can be studied by using Handy's cultural typology:
Power culture: A flat structure is found in such organisations with the centralization of power with leaders of company. This culture is mostly found in start-ups and re relatively flexible in decision-making with few rules and regulations.Role culture: This culture is mainly found in bureaucratic organisations and high job orientation is present. Strict rules and regulations exist and status is more important than performance(Chevallier and et. al., 2012). Clear job descriptions and procedures are present for taking any decision.Task culture: These are found in result-oriented organisations where the employees are experiencedprofessionalsandhaveproblem-solvingorientation.Resultsaremore important than rules and employees are highly cooperative in nature which helps them in completing their task on time. Person culture: This culture is found in organisations where people work in their individual capacities and are highly educated and work with their own expertise. This culture is found in law firms, multi-speciality hospital etc. In case of Waitrose the type of organisational culture which is followed is task culture which helps it in completing its task on time and with great efficiency. Influence of organisational politics on team and individual behaviour: With the use of politics in an organisation the employees can be made to perform some work so as to achieve desired results. Though politics can be used to influence workers to work in a desired manner but usually creates a negative impact on the behaviour of employees. Following are some negative impacts on individuals and team behaviour:Decrease in productivity: As employees get involved in company politics their focus on workreduceswhichdecreasestheirefficiencytoperformwell.Thedecreased productivity of employees creates a negative impact on the results of company.Increased distraction: Company politics distract employees from their work and they get more interested in playing politics than perform their work(Geppert and Dörrenbächer, 2014). Demotivation: The negative impact of politics demotivate employees due to increase in favouritism which affect all the employees and they become dissatisfied with their jobs. Influence of power on team and individual in organisations:
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Power is the ability of managers to influence employees so that they can be made to perform a work in the manner desired by the managers. It is the ability to control and influence the behaviour of employees which can be exercised in an organisation through following ways:Reward power: In this the employees are rewarded based on their performance which helps managers in motivating them so that they can perform well. This helps Waitrose in improving the efficiency with which work is performed along with creating a healthy competition among them(Vance, Siponen and Pahnila, 2012).Coercive power: It is the the use of threat or force so as to make employees perform certain work. Firing the employees, cutting their salaries etc. are the ways in which this power is exercised so that employees do not behave in an undesired manner.Legitimate power: This power is exercised by managers of Waitrose based on their position which help them in controlling and influencing the employee behaviour. Expert power: It is the power which is exhibited by the way of knowledge and expertise possessed by experts so that they can influence others to perform in the manner desired. The team leader generally exhibits this power so as to lead the team members which will help in achieving team goals. Impact of above mention factor on the performance of individual and team BasisInfluence on individual behaviourInfluence on team behaviour PowerWithpositivepoweritiseasyfor employee's to increase their efficiency whichhelpsemployee'stoperform theirworkaswellastoachieve organisationalobjectivesindecided time period. Positivepowerleadstodevelopbetter cooperation among team members in order to achieve company targets effectively by overcoming from organisational problems. CultureThe main role of culture is to promote thosewaysbywhichemployee'sof organisation interact and associate with each other so that organisational goals are motivated towards skills and talent asperemployee's(Kiatkawsinand Team behaviour work to perform task as per motivationandcommunicationthat develops better organisational structure in order to solve problems through effective decisions as well as to gain high results.
Han, 2017). PoliticsPolitics decrease ability of employee's forperformingallworkinefficient mannerbydivertingtheirrolesand responsibilities.Thisisalsousedto performtheirworkbyenhancing productiveness of operations. Bydiversifyingideasbetweenteam memberstherearevariousproblemsof organisationisaffectedthatdecreases efficiency of work performance. This also refersthatobjectivesoforganisationis impactingbecauseofunstablepolitical conditions. M1 Critically analysis and affect of culture, politics and power The positive and negative impact on team and individuals behaviour is mention as below: BasisPositive ImpactNegative impact CultureCulturehelpstomotivateworkersto coordinate and complete all task with in exactmannerforachieving organisationalgoalseffectivelyin specified time period. Workersareboundtowardsaspecific culture due to which it restrict and bound freedom of employee's. PoliticsAn effective leader and political system helps to delegate work equally from top tolowerlevel.Soemployee'swill perform their work effectively. Duetoinstabilityinpoliticalsystem employee's are diverted from their roles due to stress and work pressure. PowerWith positive power target are achieved bypushingworkerbeyondtheir capabilities. Employee'salwaysperformtheirwork with stress as they must perform all task against their wish. TASK 2 P2 Content and process theories to achieve organisational goals The term motivation is an important factor that helps to encourage employee's so that the performance of employee's will be enhanced in order to perform their operations effectively. Motivation also improve efficiency of workers and their willingness for improving performance of organisation(Goh,Ritchie and Wang, 2017). Moreover, managers of Waitrose implement
processandcontenttheoriesofmotivationtomotivateitsemployee'sforachieving organisational goals and objectives which are mention as follow: Content theory-The content theory of motivation refers that the needs and wants of employee's are dynamic in nature. So with content theories Waitrose and partners easily satisfy demand of customer's. Maslow's Hierarchy of needs-Maslow's theory was introduced by Abraham Maslow and according to them each person fill their demands from lower level to upper level for satisfying all needs in appropriate manner.Psychological needs-The psychological needs refers to the basic needs which consider food, shelter and water. Waitrose develops an effective payment structure that fulfil basic needs of employees in accurate manner as management follow all essential rules and regulations.Safety needs-Safety is the another concern for the individuals and as from perspective of Maslow theory it is related with job security and safe environment at workplace(Dartey- BaahandAmoako,2011).Somanagementmustperformalltaskthroughwhich objectives of organisation are achieved under safe and positive environment.Social needs-Social and communication with other persons is the main aspect of Maslow's theory as it provide connection with colleagues and other members due to goals of organisation are achieved with team efforts.Esteem needs-This is related with self work and recognition of their roles as well as appreciated from other employee's. In context of Waitrose employee's are rewarded to get long term benefits in organisation for performing all work in effective manner.Self actualization needs-Employee's must manage their work at both level from professionalandpersonalitisthelaststageinwhichindividualsdevelopbetter coordination between professional and personal work. McGregor's X and Y theory-McGregor theory of motivation states that there are two ways through which authorities motivate individuals for performing their work in effective manner. Theory X and Y are two ways by which managers motivate their employee's. According to the X theory it is identified that workers mostly dislike work so managers must deal with such persons for performing all task effectively through motivating individuals. On the other side, theory Y states to motivate workers Waitrose provides right rewards in proper manner(Bakotić,
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2016). The main motive of such theories is to perform all task in an organised manner such as to delegate right responsibilities to right individuals due to which goals of organisation are achieved in proper manner. Process theory:Process theory describes that how and why the employee get motivates. As it describes the different consequences by which the employee behaviour got changed and that is related to the efforts what an employee puts to achieve its goals. There are some process theory of motivation that is followed by Waitrose these are as follows as. Vroom expectancy theory:Waitrose use Vroom expectancy theory to keep motivate their employee's. Vroom expectancy theory describes that the employee's motivation dependsontheprobabilityofgettingtherewardsinfavouroftheirworkand performance. This theory also known as VEI theory where V stands for valency, E for expectancy and I is for instrumentality.Valencydescribes the different consequences under which the employee get the reward or the value of the employee performance in form of reward.Expectancydescribes the efforts what employee made to improve its performance because employee get reward as per the performance.Instrumentalityis the preferred probability that if employee work better then there is a chance to get the reward(Kiatkawsin and Han, 2017). Waitrose use this theory of motivation by which the performance of each individual increases because they get the reward according to the performance. Thus to get the reward each employee works with full commitment and an effective manner which leads the Waitrose performance as well. Goal-setting theory:Waitrose uses this theory to motivate their employee as Goal- setting theory include the formation of goals for all the employee by which everyone knows about the goals and they get the exact direction to achieve their target. This theory sets the clarity in employee mind and they all work according to that plan and this gives the effective result to the individual and the company as well by achieving organisational goals in decided time-frame(Laforet, 2011). The performance of employee and their performance increases according to the goals. The higher the goal more the efforts and higher the performance. Waitrose uses this theory as they set the goals, as what they want to achieve and that gives the direction to the employee to what to do and how to do which turns to be the most effective
outcomes. By this theory Waitrose achieve its target in a more suitable manner and the efforts what employee made will also increases that enhance the overall performance of both employee and Waitrose. M2 Evaluation and outcome of motivation on behaviour of others The term motivation plays an essential role for encouraging employee's in order to utilise theirskillsandcapabilitiestowardsthedirectionoforganisationalgoalsandobjectives. Managers implement various theories of motivation which depends on workforce and working environment of organisation(Owoyemi and Ekwoaba, 2014). This results all functions that are performed by management are goal-oriented and work with motive of achieving company goals due to which behaviour of employee's will be improved. It also helps to generate trust among employee's and managers for performing all task in efficient manner. D1 Critical evaluation of all the above mentioned factors Organisational culture refers to the way by which persons as well as individuals are associated with company behaviour and work performance of their task. On the other side, job satisfactionandmotivationalsoworkaseffectivetoolwhichimproveproductivityand performance of task. Culture, power and politics are used by management in a coordinate way for encouraging workforce to achieve organisational task in minimum time period and budget. Some recommendation for Waitrose are as follow: Employee's will be rewarded according to their performance level. Proper training leads employee's to increase their skills and capabilities. With right appraisal technique and method employee's are rewarded on fair basis. By using power and politics with positive approach employee's will perform their work efficiently. TASK 3 P3 Effective team and its essential aspects According to present market conditions, majority of organisation are competing with each other at global level. This refers that it is mandatory for Waitrose and partners to recruit effective team members due to which all operations are performed in coordinate way. Further, Waitrose also grow as well as develop competitive edge in market through recruiting effective
team members that leads to accomplish organisational objectives effectively(Wong, Ormiston and Tetlock, 2011). Some characteristic of effective team Establish company's goal- Effectively team members directly helps to achieve and establish organisational goals by performing all task in effective manner. This also refers that individuals are also motivated to complete work in performing their task with in minimum time period. Clear purpose- The purpose and motive of organisational goals is to complete task define all task as well as the major goals of Waitrose. This determines that effective team and its members are also familiar with visions and mission of company(Silva, Hutcheson and Wahl, 2017). So they accomplish organisational goals in minimum time period. On the other side, teams are recognised as ineffective when there is lack of communication, improper leadership, lack of attention on operations. The major drawback of ineffective team is that it generates dis-balance in work performance of organisation. Moreover, characteristic of ineffective team is mention as below:Errors-If the operations are performed with inefficiency then it is complex for team members to perform operations because it will include errors in team performance. This refers due to confusion and complexity in work negative results will be gained by management. Jobdistribution-Duetoineffectiveworkdistributiontheworkproductivityof organisation is impacted. This refers that there are high chances due to which Waitrose face complex challenges in its functions because of inefficiency in operations. Effective teamIneffective team Effectiveteammembersworkwithgoal- orientedapproachinordertomakefair decisions at complex situation. Along with this by following right instructions of leaders it is also easy to achieve company goals in time. Ineffectiveteamsgeneratesconfusionfor achievement of goals. This refers work which performed by management is not accurate that refers to effective solution for situation due to which there is delay in achievement of goals.
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Belbin Theory-Belbin theory refers that each and every individuals implement different style and work pattern for each situations. Along with theory is divided into different roles which are mention as follow: Shaper-Management will hire those individuals who are able to increase work area of business. The main role of shaper is to develop and increase market for Waitrose so management provide guidelines for influencing employee's work towards business growth(Mouriño-Ruiz, 2016). Implementer-By implementing decided strategy all operations of organisation are performed as per plans and objectives. Complete finisher-Managers must assure those methods through which all task are completed by implementing appropriate strategies to overcome from problems in minimum time period. Coordinators-Management must assure that all employee's are motivated to perform their work with proper coordination and integration for achievement of company goals. Teammember-Teammemberperformtheirworkwithbettercooperationand coordination to achieve goals as per view from team leaders. Resource investigator-This is mandatory for all employee's to select right resources for considering and implementing right knowledge and skill for managing proper investigation due to which all task are efficiently performed. It also help to analyse risk factor and to develop corrective measures for formulating all task effectively. Plant-Planter refers to those persons who are responsible to come up with creative and innovative ideas in order to achieve organisational goals with unique approach as well as to compete with in effective manner. Monitor evaluator-Individuals who are selected as team members must be good evaluator about the situations so it is easy for them to identify benefit and disadvantages related with business decisions. It also helps to come up with creative and new ideas for solving all problems in effective manner(Demerouti and et. al., 2015). Specialist-Business and its transaction must focus to select right team members which are professional to perform work. Due to this all problems are solved immediately through completing functions and operations in order to gain top position in market.
M3 Group and team related theories Belbin theory can be defined as the most appropriate theory for developing effective team in the organisation. High skilled team members are able to achieve organisation goals and objectives through understanding all team members and their roles. It also helps to develop effectiveteambyanalysingstrengthandweaknessesofteammembersforachieving organisationalgoalseffectively.Moreover,withseparateskillandtalentsitiseasyfor management to develop effective cooperation so that company will perform their work with profit methods. TASK 4 P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour Path goal theory-With the implement of path goal theory an organisation identify leadership style which is applied by management in its ingratiation. Moreover, path goal theory also based on behaviour of employee's and environment in which company operate their business. Categorisation of path goal theory- Employeesattributes-Thiswillfacilitateemployee'stoacquirerightskillsand information for performing assigned roles with in efficient manner. Therefore, managers plays a crucial role to develop skills and capabilities for motivating them as well as to provide better guidance to employee's. Project and situation characteristics- This majorly focus on the issue which come in the process to execute better activities and its allotment at workplace. This results organisation will able to achieve their goals and objectives in effective manner. In context of Waitrose managers and workforce put maximum efforts in solving company issue by developing effective framework structure(Mouriño-Ruiz, 2016). Leadership styles-In the present scenario, managers implement various leadership style that helps to control, guide and monitor employee's that their efforts will be directed towards achievement of organisational goals. Leadership style which are consider as per path goal theory is mention as follow: Directive Leadership-In directive leadership style leaders will guide employee's of organisation to perform their work as per guidance and direction that helps to achieve company
goals according to promotion and designation methods. This results it is easy for organisation to provide accurate rewards as per performance of employees. Participative Leadership-With participative leadership style Waitrose will encourage the employee's to participate in organisational activities that helps to make effective decisions. This determines lower and operational level employee's are familiar with organisation rules. So it is easy for management to motivate employee's by recognising them as integral part of company. Supportive Leadership-With the supportive leadership style employee's will get constant support from leaders. It also refers that by treating all employees with equal and fair decisions positive working environment will be developed in management. Waitrose utilise supportive leadership style when company feels its employee's are in stress. AchievementOrientedleadershipapproach-Inachievementleadershipapproach. Leaders decide those challenges which they put before employees and perform work according to project. The major concern under achievement leadership is to generate more improvement in results for organisation(Silva, Hutcheson and Wahl, 2017). M4 Evaluation of all concepts & philosophies related with the organisation behaviour All concepts and philosophies that are related with organisational behaviour must be followed by company. This determines with proper management and follow of rules and regulations with in market and organisation it is easy to enhance overall productivity of company. Moreover, it relates with monitoring, controlling, coaching etc. to deal with feedback of organisation. It also refers that by monitoring regular rewards all task will be performed in effective manner. Moreover, it also helps in diversifying workforce to deal with barriers of organisation. D2 Evaluation of the relevance for different team development theories All theories which are related with team management are focused towards behaviour of individuals. This also governs that all individuals undertake different set of skill and culture as per their background culture. So the main motive of organisation is to perform all work with positive approach. All teams are developed by involving several team members so it is essential to delegate better results by working all functions in coordinate way. This results organisation will perform all of its work within short intervals. Further, the main benefit which is achieved relates with motivating and boosting morale of workforce for performing all task effectively.
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CONCLUSION From the above mention report it is concluded that organisation behaviour perform an essential role for the growth and success of a company as it totally depends on contribution of employee's. Management which are performing their work at global level must perform several task such as to allot power, control politics and maintain of culture at workplace. This also helps organisationforincreasingmotivationineffectivemannerbymotivatingindividualsfor achieving long term results. This is also mandatory for individuals to perform all work as a team for developing positive environment. Moreover, an organisation also encourage leaders and managers to maintain better results by using different theories such as content and process theory.
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