Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 P1) Influence of organisation culture, power, and politics on individual and team performance .....................................................................................................................................................3 M1 Impact of power, culture and politics on individual and team behaviour and performance5 TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6 P2) Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques, enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context...........................................6 M2 Critical evaluation of influence of organisation on behaviour of others..............................9 D1. Critical evaluation of the relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation....9 TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................13 P3) Demonstrate an understanding of what makes an effective team, as opposed to an ineffective team.........................................................................................................................13 M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of dynamic cooperation.................................................................................................................15 TASK 4.........................................................................................................................................16 P4) Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour....................................................16 M4 Justify and evaluate a range of concepts and philosophies in how they inform and influence behaviour in both positive and negative ways..........................................................16 D2 Critically analyse and evaluate the relevance of team development theories in the context of OB concepts and philosophies that influence behaviour in the workplace..........................17 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................17 REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................18
INTRODUCTION Organisational behaviour is defined as the procedure which is adopted for evaluating work performance of the organisational activities and make a prominent path for accomplishing objectives as well(El-Maghrabi, and et. al., 2018). This is requisite by the business that behaviour within workplace is to be maintained so that standard and operational quality can be enhanced. This report is based on numerous aspect of organisational behaviour in the context of Hays Travels. Hays is known as one of the prominent travel agent in UK and the company is best known for high business values and outstanding customer service. In the year of 2019 the company has purchased whole the portfolio of Thomas Cook so their shops has been increased from 180 to 737 and employees have increased form 1700 to 4200. This report includes impact of culture, politics and power on organisational behaviour and various motivational theories which are required to be used by business for motivating their workforce. P1) Influence of organisation culture, power, and politics on individual and team performance In a business there are various factors which are remained in the business in order to draw immense impact via power, politics and organisational culture and these are assisting the organisation to attain overall objectives as well. These factors are having high impact on organisational goals and by this performance can be hindered as well. In the background of Hays Travels these are the factors which provides high impact on operational activities in business and productiveness as well. The same are elaborated as under: Influence of power on team and individual performance Manager of an organisation is exerting power so as to carry out efficiency within employees. Themanagers of Hays Travel is utilising varied power so that to obtain high efficacy of their employees and enhancing working productivity as well. This is associated with rewards and appraisals which is aligned with individuals performance for providing better opportunities for the organisation. There are numerous theories which can be used by Hays Travels to impact behaviour of their teams and individuals. Psychologists John and Ravan has explained 5 types of power which are explained as under:Coercive power: This power is utilised by individual those are working in an organisation and showing poor performance. This power is used for punishing them and firing them for bad performance as well. The manager and CEO of Hays Travels is utilising this kind
ofpowersoastomaximisebusinessoutputandenhancingteamandindividual performance as well.Reward power: This power is used by Board of directors of the business so as to intensify morale of their employees. For Hays Travels by using this power themanagerial personnel are giving prominent rewards to their employees. This is helpful for the business in attaining their goals and objectives which is providing direct impact on improvising team performance and meeting overall business standards. As employees of Hays Travels are obtained with appropriate rewards for their performance then this is imperative that their performance may have positive inclination(Kasemsap, 2016) (Laforet, 2016).Legitimate power: This power is usedby CEO of Hays Travels for controlling and executing various activities within employees. This power is useful in controlling team performance in proper manner so that to manage overall organisational performance. This power is helpful for Hays Travels in managing their team performance in such a manner that high efficiency can be attained.Referent power: This is the power which is used by leaders of Hays Travels so as to boost level of confidence. The leaders are using power to motivate their employees by which their teams and individuals are working with high efficacy as well. This power is leading to high performance by which loyal employees can be created within Hays Travels. Expert power: This type of power is utilised by managers and those personnel who are having prominent knowledge and capabilities. The manager of Hays Travels are laced with high proficiency of managing complex situation in such a manner thatbusiness efficacy can be drawn. Similarly this power is giving high efficacy so as to align their goals and objectives in prominent manner. Influence of politics on individual and team Politics is the aspect which is reflecting decision making in right place and time. Manager of Hays Travels is taking numerous decisions in which they are managing propounded politics arising in the organisation. Explanation of some factors are drawn which are having impact on team and individual performance.
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Adverse impact on productivity:This has been seen that existence of politics may lead in generation of negative productivity. This may results in vanishing targets and aims of the company within specified time frame. Spoils the Atmosphere:Politics within business is resulting to unbalanced environment due to which relationship between employer and employees get tarnished(Chang and et. al., 2016). Fluctuations in attitude of employees:Politic may change mind of employees due to which inequality may be arise and this leads in generation of attitude conflicts. This is the major reason by which employees loose their interest in operations and get demotivated. Influence of culture on individual and team This is the factor by which value of a company get affected as culture is sum of contribution given by employees. This aspect can be defined by taking hep of Handy's cultural typology model which is being divided into four dimensions and the same are elaborated as under: Power culture:This aspect contributes to render a centralised control over the business. Hays Travels manage is utilising this culture model so as to control their workforce by which performance of employees can be enhanced and direct implications can be seen on business productiveness. Role culture:This culture is related with roles and responsibilities of the manager of Hays Travels to assign various roles to each and every employee according to their skill and capabilities. Person culture:This render opportunities to every employee for showcasing their abilities due to which creative innovation ideas can be inhaled in the business. Task culture:For influencing employees this is imperative that high enthusiasm can be rendered. This is the reason which is responsible for making teams effective and setting a clear path of goal achievement. M1 Impact of power, culture and politics on individual and team behaviour and performance Individualbehaviourand performance Teambehaviourand performance PowerIf employees are not able to finishtheirassignedtaskin In the condition of excessive power usage performance of
propermannerthen performanceistheaspect which is negatively impacted fromthis.Thiscreateshigh complexitiesinworking culture of the business. theemployeesmaybe affected and this may lose theirinterestontheir operations. CultureWhenpowerisgivento inappropriate personality then dissatisfactioncanbearisen among employees and delay in task completion can be seen. Ontheotherhandwhen culture of organisation is not flexibleanduptothe requirement then this leads in eliminatingoverallefficacy (Taylor, 2018). In case of any alteration in cultureworkingstyleof employees may get change andnegativeimpacton performance can be seen. On the other hand delay in task completion can be seen as performancegetdecreased due to unclear culture. This leadsindelaysinwork completionandlossof market image as well. PoliticsIn case of high involvement in politicsperformancecanbe affected. Due to unlikeness in communicationwithother colleaguesthisleadsin generation of adverse output. Incontextofteam, individualaretheperson whoareresponsiblefor demolishingattitudes. Politicsmayimpact performanceofteamin negative manner as working environment get tarnished.
TASK 2 P2) Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques, enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context Content theory of motivation: Content theory of motivation is related with fluctuations in human needs which is elaborated within various factors due to which high degree of motivation is being rendered. Hays Travels is using content theory so as to motivate their employee so that they can enhance their performance and reach to accomplishing overall goals in order to enlighten path of their career. Content theory is associated with various theories and some of them are elaborated as under: Maslow's theory of motivation:Maslow theory is related with motivating individual by meeting their pyramid of needs(Bakotić, 2016).This pyramid is having five levels in which needs are fulfilled and leads to motivating employees in effective manner. The five level of this approach is elaborated as under:Physiological need: These needs are related with basic needs such as air, water, shelter, food, cloth etc. This is known as the first step in which basic needs are fulfilled.Safety need:This includes financial security, wealth and life security. This is the need which is having prominent impact over motivation of individual.Social need:Social needs are associated with love and belongings of individual such as friendship, inheritance in society, trust and many other aspects.Self- esteem:Self esteem is related with self respect and appreciation by which worth of individual can be proved. Self-actualisation:This is known as the belief by which self satisfaction is achieved. This is related with showing capability and stability of employees within organisation. Hays Travels is using this theory of motivation for encouraging their employees as this theory is fulfilling needs of their employees in such a way that confidence can be boosted and strength can be build up. Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation:This is defined as sum of various factors in which workforce is satisfied or dissatisfaction can be raised. Herzberg's categorised two factors such as Hygiene factor and motivation factor which are elaborated as under: Hygiene factor:Hygiene factor is associated with varied scenario of the business. This is imperative for the employees to stay motivated and leads to attain high efficacy. This
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factor is related with physiological needs which is expected from a business by an employee. This involves payment, working environment, policies of the organisation, status, symbol and many more. Motivation factor:This factor is related with positive impact on the organisation due to rendering motivational aspect. This helps the employees to stay positive and confident so that all the assigned task can be completed in prompt manner. This is associated with achievement of individual, position recognition, bonus and incentives, promotion and many more. Herzberg's two factor theory is used by Hays Travels in order to motivate their employees and to enhance their performance as well(Ruck, Welch and Menara, 2017). Similarly Maslow's theory of motivation is also used by Hays Travels so as to satisfy each and every needs of their employees and to boost up level of performance as well. Individuals performance is having direct implications on overall performance due to which so many growth options can be inhaled by the business. Process theory of motivation: Process theory of motivation is helpful in motivating employees in such a way that working efficacy can be enhanced. This theory includes change in individuals behaviour so that business may change their goal setting and decision making. There are numerous process theories which are used by Hays Travels. These are elaborated as under: Vroom expectancy theory:Vroom expectancy theory entails regarding change within individual behaviour which may align in order to attain organisational goals by motivating their employees. Vroom states that when individual factors are changes such as skills, knowledge, ability then these are having direct impact on individuals performance. This also describes that motivation is directly related with performance and efforts given by an individual. Motivation is linked with expectancy, instrumentality and valance.Expectancyis dealing with various efforts which are led by the performance of individual to stay at right job place.Instrumentality Denotes to the output which is dependent on performance of employees along with their given efforts. Instrumentality puts their high effect on performance, outcomes and decision making. Valancedeals in providing rewards and benefits to employees so that to attain desired outputs. Hays Travels is using this theory for motivating their employees so that they can enhance their performance(Burnes, Hughes and By, 2018).
Goal-settingtheory:Goalsettingtheoryisrelatedwithformationofplanfor development by which motivation can be rendered to reach out organisational goals. The goals are providing direction to the working employees to make them aware regarding performance of tasks in prominent manner. Goal setting is trying to motivate employees in such a way that a path can be created by which goals can be attained within specified time limit. There are various factors which are included in goals setting and same are elaborated as under: Self-sufficiency:This is related with self potential of employees and at the same time this is related with performance of individual in such a way that belief, confidence and spirit can be maintained so as to make path of goal achievement. Self sufficiency is dependent upon increment of placed efforts which is affected by other personnels. Goal commitment: Goal commitment is related with dedication which is pertained with people commitment which is aligned towards goals attainment. This is the aspect by which performance of individual can be enhanced and direct implication can be seen on accomplishment of overall objectives(Mitonga-Monga and Cilliers, 2016). Hays Travels is using this procedure to motivate their employees and tomake them alignedtowardscommitmentandgoalsoftheorganisation.Motivationishavingdirect implication on success and accomplishment of goals. Hays Travels is using Vroom expectancy theory in which effective results are attained in terms of performance. On the other hand this encourages effective outcomes form efforts given by employees in way that their performance can be enhanced in continuous manner. M2 Critical evaluation of influence of organisation on behaviour of others Motivational theories are having major impact on working behaviour of individual in termsofenhancementofperformanceandmatchinglevelofattitude(Whelan,2016). Motivational theories are used by Hays Travels so as to encourage their employees to perform in a better way so that they can align their goals and efforts in similar manner. On the other hand as this can be said that motivation is the aspect which is acting as catalyst in organisational performance so by using motivational theories these aspects can be attained. D1. Critical evaluation of the relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation Culture, power and politics are adjoining to each other so this leads in setting up of a standard in order to upkeep goals of the business. Culture is directly linked with working behaviour of individual, power is related to cognition given to an individual for managing the
business functions in prominent manner. At last politics is related to internal conflicts of the business. So this can be deduced that when power is given to right person then culture of the business can be maintained and politics can be eliminated. In the context of Hays Travels they are using Reward power and role culture so as to minimise chances of conflicts and politics.
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TASK 3 P3) Demonstrate an understanding of what makes an effective team, as opposed to an ineffective team Effective team:Team means group of people that are working together for achieving of goals and objectives of both organization and individual. Effectiveness is there to divide ability oftheteamformakingachievementoftargetineffectivenessthathelpsinincreasing productivity, focus and confidence(Majumdar, 2018). This kind of effectiveness is team that is stronger believing of faith with all members working together in order to make target to be achieved. Following characteristics has to be possessed by Hays Travel and they are as follows: Characteristic of effective team:There are some characteristic of effective team these are as follow as:More focused:Members of team that has to be focused and dedicated towards achieving of goals in proper manner.Clear goals: Effectiveness over team and having clear set of goals that has to be accomplished goals with enhancement of performance within an organization of a company.Communication: Communication is considered to be one of the most important character weather facts are understood or not.Risk takers:Effective team members is the ones involve in risk taking and making targets to be achieved.Trust and believe: Trust should be there with belief within team members and are important because it leads over getting appropriate results. Mutual decision-making: As in team each individual has its own thinking and effective team result to the decision which is taken by mutual understanding. Factor of effective team:There are several factors of effective team these are there as follows:Clear roles and responsibility: Effective team members is there for knowing roles and responsibility that makes working to be more effective.Leadership:Leadership consists of that abilities which has made forming to provide guidance which has help in leading over setting of goals and attaining of effective results.
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Clear objectives:In a team all members required to develop clear objective that has made clear direction for enhancing of results. Learning and development: Efficiency of team is leading towards making development by achieving targets as per the condition(Odor, 2018). Ineffective team:Ineffectiveness in team has been resulting in making team to set goals but achieving them is not possible because of making work to be done in proper manner. Certain characteristics and factors that can occur in case of ineffectiveness within Hays Travel. They are as follows: Characteristic of ineffective team:There are several characteristic of ineffective team these are as follows as:Lack of trust and believe:Members of team is required to have trust and belief which creates confusion.Lack of communication:Communication is that kind of sources that makes information to be circulated and if not cleared on time then complexity arises.Lack of commitment:Members of team is not involved over committing and making accomplishing of goals in negative effect. Uncleared objectives:Objectives and goals are not cleared for unbalancing environment. Factors of ineffective team:There are various factors that is related to ineffectiveness of team and are as follows:Poor time management:Time management is not done in proper manner is going to result in making disturbance with ineffectiveness. Ineffective interaction:If the interaction between the team member is not good then it leads to ineffective team. Difference between effective and ineffective team: Effective teamIneffective team ObjectivesClearedandfocusedtowards objectives Uncleared objectives ManagementWell defined and proper channel Roles and responsibilityClearedtowardsrolesand responsibilityandcreatesbetter workforce. No one understand the roles and responsibilityandthatcreate uneven environment
Communicationbetter and effective communication.No communication M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of dynamic cooperation Belbin theory:In this theory it has been stated that each individual is having its own behaviour that is being set for both roles and functions within the team. In order to know individual role an item is leading over developing strength and analysis with effectiveness and effective performance of team(Oeij and Vaas, 2016). Belbin team role is there for making different roles are there thathas to be performed by an individual. Collective performance is considered to be that kind of element that has been formed for making an organization to gain team performance in better manner. The basis of this theory is to gain ideas to make division of individual role possible through enhancing of performance. Various kinds of team roles are there that has been explained as follows that can be used by Hays Travel. Further are explained as follows: Team worker:Team worker is the one who deals or handles every situation in a effective manner. Team worker help each individual to perform even more better and help to achieve the goals and maintains the effectiveness of team. Team worker is the one who manage every condition and take certain decision in the favour of team of which effects the team performance. Team worker is considered to be one of those kind of important factor that has been helping in making performance to be done in proper manner. Impact is going to have over making an organization like Hays Travel to develop team work has been explained as follows: Coordinator:This is the one which makes managing of team possible in effective manner which leads over accomplishing of goals. Coordinator is the one that has been helping in development of confidence, calmness and composition with creativity. In Hays Travel this is helpful in making effectiveness in performance of team which has been hired for task accomplishment. Specialist:This is related to having detail knowledge over every aspects related to business. It makes solution to be granted for every situation. This also makes committed over organizational goals, dedicated with self-confidence. Hays travel is going to be impacted from this in a manner that dealing with challenges becomes easy and various situation created makes enhancement of performance possible.
Implementer:This is making implementation of best strategy and decision making possible to carry out work in effective manner. Hays Travel is going to be helpful by this ideas formed within the framework makes positive environment possible TASK 4 P4) Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour Path goal theory of leadership-In this direct management of an organization is there for helping making adoption of leadership style and behaviour which helps in developing behaviour with needs of employees. Mainly it brings motivation within staff and contributing over making goals and objectives to be achieved(Griffioen, Doppenberg and Oostdam, 2018). Such theory is there for assisting of patterns with capabilities of employee to be ease for mangers in taking effective decision with betterment of employees. Hays Travel can use participative leadership style that is there for directing managing that makes feedbacks and suggestions to attain decision making within a business. Classification of path goal theory- Employees characteristics-itintroduces knowledge acquiring over various kinds of factors that provides motivation to employees for performing well. This is achieved through rewards, training and flexibility in working. In relation to Hays Travel mangers are required to identify factors and achieve them in specific performance to increase behaviours of staff. Task and environmental characteristics-This makes activities to be divided among staff as per the skills and knowledge top gain maximum output from it. Hays travel manger has to conduct a survey at workplace for identifying requirements for performing of task within time period specified(Grobler, 2016). M4 Justify and evaluate a range of concepts and philosophies in how they inform and influence behaviour in both positive and negative ways. Leadership styles-leadership styles helps the leader or manager in guiding and monitoring the employees of the organisation. There are various styles to lead and guide people. They are discussed below- Participative style- This style of leadership makes employee givesuggestions and decision making. Hays Travel is helpful in increasing high retention of employees and contributing for achieving organizational goals.
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Directive style- Under this style, managers directs their employees to follow their decision without questioning. In Hays Travel employees follow an pre-determined decision that can have negative impact over performing level of employees. D2 Critically analyse and evaluate the relevance of team development theories in the context of OB concepts and philosophies that influence behaviour in the workplace. Employees are required to get motivation that makes organizational goals and objectives to be defined as this helps in understanding roles and responsibility which has to be performed by them(Wan, 2016). This has made contribution over achieving of organizational goals and objectives by removing of obstacles. Various theories has been explained that has been befitting over making an organization more firm in gaining of best team possible. Regarding this various factors and theories has been explained that makes covering difference between effective and ineffectiveteamwork. Also teamworkhasbeenfocusedover thathasbeen makingan organization like Hays Travel to achieve goals and objectives in effective manner. CONCLUSION Form the above report it can be marked out that performance and level of productivity within an organization is focused over behaviour that is there of the employee's. All this is done by gaining of motivation that is required to be done by applying of Maslow, VroM expectancy theory of motivation and various other theories. Also working in team helps in maximizing of profit that has resulted into bringing togetherness between employees. Further proper guidance is provided over achieving of goals and objectives.
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(Majumdar, 2018)(Odor, 2018)(Oeij and Vaas, 2016)(Griffioen, Doppenberg and Oostdam, 2018)(Wan, 2016)(Grobler, 2016)