Organisation Behaviour: Influence of Culture, Politics, and Power on Individual and Team Performance

This report focuses on the influence of culture, politics, and power on individual and team behavior and performance in organisational behaviour. It discusses the impact of different types of organisational culture on employee performance and motivation. It also explores the role of politics and power in motivating employees and achieving organisational goals. Additionally, the report examines different motivational theories and their effectiveness in goal achievement. The characteristics of effective and ineffective teams are also discussed.

Organisation Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Organisation's culture, politics and power can influence individual and team behaviour and
performance.................................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational enable effective achievement
of goals........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
P3 Understanding of what makes an effective team, as opposed to an ineffective team............5
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
P4 Concepts and philosophies of OB within an organisational context.....................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is refers to the study of human behaviour and interface between
employee behaviour and organisation as well. Mainly, it define that how a people behave in
organisational setting that directly impact over the company performance. Thus, it is crucial for
manager of company in analysing employee behaviour at workplace and provide them roles
accordingly (Borkowski and Meese, 2020). This can be beneficial in motivating employees
towards the organisational goals and objectives. Current report is based on Morrisons, is a
famous supermarket that operate their business in over the world with the aim of making their
overall performance more competitive. Report is focus on determining the impact of politics,
power and culture of employee performance. Different motivational theories is also used by
company to motivate their workers is discussed here. At last, types of team along with concepts
and philosophies is also mentioned that used to enhance employee performance level at working
area.
TASK 1
P1 Organisation's culture, politics and power can influence individual and team behaviour and
performance
Culture, power and politics within the business organisation play a crucial role because it
directly influence or affect individual and team performance. This is the reason that, manager of
company is responsible for analysing all these aspects in effective way so that team and
individual can easily perform their task activities and attain their targets in a stipulated time
frame.
Influence of culture: For attaining sustainability and success in an organisation, human
resource is crucial asset as it contributes in attaining competitive edge from its competitors in
market place. In this regards, the overall performance is influenced by the company culture,
power and politics (Pearce, 2017). For analysing the same, management of Morrisons monitoring
as well as controlling all the aspects of company and employees to develop their positive
performance.
Classification of culture: In business organisation, culture is refers to the shared values,
vision, beliefs and many more that may assist in evaluating as well as analysing intrinsic working
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environment and employee behaviour in business organisation. In order to understand the culture
of company, Handy's cultural typology used by Morrisons:
 Power culture: This type of culture is based on a single person like owner of the
company as they have power to manage and organised workers at workplace. As it may
creates anxiety in workers towards the allotted task and activities (Gelfand And et. al.,
2017).
 Role culture: Under this type of culture, power is based over the roles and
responsibilities of workers which is highly controlled by the manager of the company.
 Task culture: It is consider as an effective culture which is arise when a specific project
and task is required to perform. Under this, power is delegate to team members on the
basis of project duration.
 Person culture: This culture is based when workers are perform work as per specified
capabilities of individual at working area.
From all these culture, task culture is adopted by Morrisons in which workers and team
members can easily execute of perform their task and activities. One of the main advantage of
this culture is that it increase overall performance and productivity level of company at market
place. In addition to this, Morrisons operates their business at global phase in which it includes
different culture of people. It may create cultural difference among employees that can be effect
negatively over the company. Therefore, it is crucial for company to develop an effective
communication activities between cross culture employees so that they can perform in a team
and attain pre-determined goals and objectives. This may provide better assistance at working
area in eliminating conflicts and at the same time also enhance employee productivity level.
With the assistance of this, company can attain competitive advantage from its competitors at
market place.
Influence of politics: In business organisation, it is mixture of power, social network that
used to motivate their employees in order to accomplishing organisational goals and objectives.
In this regards, organisational politics is refers to the formal and informal aspects or behaviour
that put by management of company to motivate their employees (Chen, Chen and Sheldon,
2016). This can be beneficial in attaining all the set targets but on the other side, it also having so
may negative influences including unworthy employee get huge opportunities and productive
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and worthy employees get demotivated. As a result, it create negative working environment and
at the same time also reduce workers performance at working area.
Influence of power: It is refers to the ability that persuade someone to follow all the
guidelines and allotted instructions to perform the specific task and activities. In this regards,
power is implemented to complete assigned task on time and along with higher productiveness
(Gagné, 2018). In context to this, there are types of power that played by Morrisons to keep
individual and team workers productive and efficient as well.
 Reward power: This type of power hold by manager in which they provide rewards and
benefits to workers who have good performance at working area. This can be beneficial
in enhancing employee motivation towards the allotted task activities.
 Coercive power: Under this type of power, employees are forced to do something as they
are not willing or ready to perform.
 Legitimate power: In business organisation, this type of power held by an individual who
are with dominated position so that entire activities of company can be easily managed.
 Expert power: This type of power hold by person who have high quality skills and
knowledge in a specific area.
TASK 2
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational enable effective achievement of
goals
In business organisation, motivation play a significant role in boosting employee morale
through which they can give their best efforts for attaining all the set goals and objectives in an
appropriate manner. For this, Morrisons use different motivational theories in order to motivate
their staff members that leads to higher job satisfaction and higher productivity as well. This will
directly contributes in increasing profitability of company at market place. In this regards, there
are different type of motivational theories such as:
Content theories: This type of motivational theories define the needs that fluctuate over the
time. As it it is crucial for people to satisfy their needs so that they get enough motivated (Klotz
and Neubaum, 2016). It includes some content theories these are as follows:
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Maslow's hierarchy of needs: It is consider as an effective theory of motivation which
was developed by Abraham Maslow. This type of theory is focus on describing the employee
needs that divided into different level. All these level can be understood by following points:
 Psychological needs: It is one of the important and basic needs for an individual without
this, employee can not be able to do any thing (Wu and Lee, 2017). As it includes food,
shelter, cloths and many more. Therefore, company must provide basic pay to its
employees so that they fulfil their needs and get enough motivated.
 Safety needs: It is refers to the workplace security and safety that make workers
productive and motivated towards their job roles. Thus, organisation is responsible for
providing proper security to workers in relation to the workplace.
 Social needs: It is also refers to the effective needs in which company focus on creating
healthy working environment so that employees can manage relation with each others.
This can be effective in influencing workers to improve their motivation and perform
well at working area.
 Esteem needs: Under this level employees are motivated through rewards, appraisal and
extra benefits at working area. It may encourage and motivate to do their best for
accomplishment of set targets.
 Self actualisation needs: This level of motivation is related with the personal growth and
development that contributes in attaining better job satisfaction.
This type of theory can be implement by Morrisons to motivate their staff members. In
his, the main focus of business organisation is to providing motivating by fulfilling their basic
needs. With the help of this, employee get motivated and also enhance their job satisfaction as
well.
Herzberg Motivation Theory: This type of theory includes two factors of business
organisation hat help in motivating employees at working area.
 Motivators: This factor encourage employee to work harder at working area.
 Hygiene: In absence of hygiene factor employees work less hard as these factors are not
present in the actual job itself but it is surrounded the job (Castille, Buckner and
Thoroughgood, 2018).
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Thus, this is an effective theory that provide assistance in improving employee
motivation by providing them hygiene and motivational factors at working area so that they
perform their best at working area.
Process theories: It is related with the thinking procedure or system of ideas that determine how
an entity changes (Graham And et. al., 2020). As it also explain the variance in a dependent
variables that based on independent variables. It includes various effective theories such as:
 The expectancy theory: This theory was proposed by Victor Vroom that focus on
outcomes. As, it stated that employee motivation is refers to an outcome of how much an
employee wants a valence and also define the assessment that the efforts will lead to the
expected performance and belief that the overall performance will lead to rewards. By
using this type of theory Morrisons motivate their workers by providing them rewards as
per their actual performance so that they give their efforts for attaining rewards.
 The equity theory: It is also consider as an important theory which was introduced by
John Stacy Adams that states that distribution of resources to be fair. This theory define
inequity between employees and also provide them equal treatment at working area so
that workers perform well and enhance their motivation towards their job activities. With
the help of this theory, Morrisons employees treated equally and also attain equal
opportunities that leads to enhancing the overall productivity of company and its workers
as well.
TASK 3
P3 Understanding of what makes an effective team, as opposed to an ineffective team
In business organisation, various teams are working along with specified roles and
responsibilities. In this regards, there are different type of organisational teams which are formed
within the business with the aim of attaining all the goals and objectives in a stipulated time
frame.
 Functional teams: It is type of permanent team that includes different department of
members who having different roles and responsibilities (Cheng, Wei and Lin, 2019). In
this, a manager is appointed to manage and monitor team activities. As all the team
members report to the manager about the task activities.
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 Problem solving teams: It is also consider as an effective team that only framed when a
specific issue is arises and required to be resolved. This type of team is dissolved once
problem have been solved (Miller, 2016). It may help in eliminating the issues and
problems within the company.
 Project teams: Under this type of team each and every employees have common goals
and strategies that help them in performing a particular project activities on time. As
manager of team allot roles and responsibilities to team members as per their capabilities.
With the assistance of this, project activities can be done effectively and appropriately.
Ineffective team: Under this type of team members are not familiar about the goals that
they are required to be achieved. As ineffective team have lack of coordination which leads to
increase the possibilities of arising conflict among team members. In context to this, there are
some characteristics of ineffective team are as follows:
 Poor quality of performance: In this type of team, workers are not being able to attain
their targets in allotted period of time. This may reduce overall performance of company
and its team members as well.
 Lack of employee participation: Team members of ineffective team are not take
participate in the team activities as they fail in effectively performing all the roles and
responsibilities.
 Dominate nature of leaders: Under ineffective team, leader tries to dominate their
workers and also does not provide proper direction in executing task activities.
Effective team: When team members are focus on making company success as effective
team are consider as a functions that work well together for accomplishment of common goals.
One of the main feature of effective team is that it help in improving quality and also facilitate
the completion of project. For better understanding there are some qualities and characteristics of
effective team are as follows:
 Clear direction: Effective team have clear purpose and objectives that help team members
in understanding their role and responsibilities. With the help of this, group members can
easily attain their targets and desired outcomes in an effective manner (Tenney and et. al.,
2019).
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 Defined roles: Effective team has specific roles as per their skills and talent. By this, team
members perform their role accordingly and at the same time also complete their task
activities.
 Proper decision making: Effective team includes proper decision making system in which
team members share their views and opinion with each others (Mahlendorf, Matějka and
Weber, 2018).
Apart from this, Morrisons is also focus on developing an effective team by using
Tuckman's team development model as it includes different stages can be understood by
following points:
 Forming: Under this stage of team development, team is formed and task are allotted or
assigned. In this team members are spent time in planning, collecting information and
binding in team to perform the task.
 Storming: In this stage, team member are share new and innovative ideas that might be
complex and leads to arising conflicts among team members.
 Norming: Under this, members of team are started working together in an effective and
also develop positive relation and trust among them.
 Performing: In this stage, team become stable and also avoid conflicts. The main focus on
completing the task activities on time without any kind of issue and obstacles.
Furthermore, Belbin's typology is also consider as an effective model for team
development in which each an every person is totally different from each other and also have
different behaviour that directly affects the assigned role of team members. Mainly, it includes
various roles including Shaper are the individual who is able to accept challenges and at the same
time also support team members to accomplish their assigned task activities. Along with this,
Implementer is also consider as an effective role in which people convert ideas into actions so
that all the task activities can be done effectively.
TASK 4
P4 Concepts and philosophies of OB within an organisational context
It is important for company to understand organisational behaviour so that employees can
give their best efforts in order to accomplished their targets (Desselle, Mckeirnan and Hohmeier,
2020). In this regards, Path goal theory is consider as an effective philosophy that help in
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motivating as well as guiding workers in order to enhance their productiveness and efficiency
towards their job roles and responsibilities. As Morrisons, use path goal theory to evaluate or
determining employees capabilities so that leadership can be easily implement as per their
characteristics. This will directly contributes in enhancing performance level of employees and
company as well (Sadegh, Khani and Modaresi, 2018). Along with this, there are some
leadership styles that based on the path goal theory including directive leadership in which leader
provide proper direction to its workers in order to completing complex task activities in an
effective way. In addition to this, participative leadership is also consider as an effective theory
that applied when all the employees are skilled and also give their huge contribution in
completing allotted work in a stipulated time. Furthermore, supportive leadership is also
effective that used when talents or skills of team members are to be enhanced in order to make
healthy and friendly working environment.
In addition to this, path goal theory is useful for Morrisons in different situation that arise
at working area including lack of employees performance and involvement that directly affect
over the customers satisfaction and company image in negative way. By using this theory,
employees can improve their abilities and use their skills so that they can handle customers and
their requirements in an effective way. This will directly enhance brand image at market place.
For handling complex situation and task activities, directive leadership style is used by
Morrisons in which manager of company provide proper direction and guidelines to workers
about how a particular task needs to be completed on a time. Along with this, company also use
participative leadership theory in that focus on involving employees in decision making
activities. By this employees get motivated and also feel their important for company. With the
assistance of this, team members give their best efforts for accomplishing their predetermined
goals and objectives in an effective way.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report it has been concluded that understanding human
resource behaviour in business organisation is crucial activity as it can be assist in attaining
competitive advantage from the competitors. In this, manager of company analysis as well as
evaluate the employee performance and provide them instruction accordingly. This will support
in improving overall effectiveness of company. In addition to this, it is also significant that the
management and leadership activities must be implemented so that high productivity of company
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can be easily improved. In addition to this, motivation is also crucial for employees to give their
best efforts at workplace. For this company use various motivational theories to boost employee
morale. Therefore, organisational behaviour is important concept by which team and individual
can easily execute their task activities in an effective manner so that all the predetermined targets
can be attained without any kind of issues.
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REFERENCES
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organizational behavior: A hundred-year journey. Journal of Applied Psychology.
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Applied Psychology. 101(8). p.1082.
Gagné, M., 2018. From strategy to action: transforming organizational goals into organizational
behavior. International Journal of Management Reviews. 20. pp.S83-S104.
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personality traits in entrepreneurship: Observations from an organizational behavior
perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 40(1). pp.7-17.
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moral compass? Examining the relationship between Machiavellianism and unethical
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perspective. Human Relations. 73(9). pp.1249-1277.
Cheng, K., Wei, F. and Lin, Y., 2019. The trickle-down effect of responsible leadership on
unethical pro-organizational behavior: The moderating role of leader-follower value
congruence. Journal of Business Research. 102. pp.34-43.
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Miller, D., 2016. Article Commentary: Response to “Research on the Dark Side of Personality
Traits in Entrepreneurship: Observations from an Organizational Behavior
Perspective”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 40(1). pp.19-24.
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Mahlendorf, M. D., Matějka, M. and Weber, J., 2018. Determinants of financial managers'
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Sadegh, T., Khani, R. M. and Modaresi, F., 2018. Introducing a model of relationship between
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