Impact of Organizational Politics, Culture, and Power on Individual and Team Behavior

This report discusses the impact of organizational politics, culture, and power on individual and team behavior and performance. It also examines the process and content theories of motivation in relevance to the given organization. Additionally, it provides a comparison between effective and ineffective teams.

Unit 12 -
Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Discuss the impact of organisations politics, culture & power influence the individual or team
behaviour and performance...............................................................................................................3
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................5
P2 Examine the process & content theories of motivation in relevance with given organisation.......5
TASK 3.................................................................................................................................................7
P3 Provide the comparison between effective & ineffective team.....................................................7
TASK 4.................................................................................................................................................9
P4 Explain the philosophies & concept of OB...................................................................................9
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................11
Books & Journal:.............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Business sector in organisation includes employees in their management which are
responsible for carrying out the functions and operations. Organisation behaviour is defined
as study of human and employee behaviour within the organisation. Sainsbury, Multinational
Corporation headquartered in UK. The corporation deals in retailing sector and provide
ample number of products success groceries apparels cosmetics daily consumable goods etc.
This report includes organisational culture politics and power influence on individual
behaviour, content and process theories of motivation, difference between effective as well as
an effective team, concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour. With increasing
competition it has become important to understand the OB so that decision making is done in
most effective manner. Moreover, by examining the different behaviour of employees it is
easier to establish positive relationship between the employees and employers. Analysing and
examining the behaviour of employee is not an easy task and which smart people, high level
of knowledge and skills.
TASK 1
P1 Discuss the impact of organisations politics, culture & power influence the individual or
team behaviour and performance
An organisation is broader and wider term which requires understanding of different
elements such as culture, politics and power to run the business smoothly and effectively
without facing any problem or issues. Team members as well as individuals essential for
corporation and it is necessary to understand as well as determined their progress level so that
productivity of firm increases properly (Jacobs, 2020). With increasing competition and
changing period of time, impact of these factors also changing and effectively workflow of
the organisation In relevance with Sainsbury, they also have a deep impact on team as well as
individual by this type of tractors and which are discussed below-
Culture-
Culture includes values belief and way of thinking. It is it is also considered to be as
group of people how they live their life according to their belief. In business sector, they also
have various types of culture according to which management and other decisions play their
vital role. According to the Charles handy theory, there different types of culture such as
power person, task and role culture which have been mentioned below-
Person culture- In this type of culture, employees within the organisation have a
perception that they are more important than the entity & accordingly they behave with the
other subordinates. Through this, they develop negative thinking and attitude towards work
as well as their colleagues. They assume themselves as the core asset of the corporation. In
context to the selected enterprise they also have person culture but with clear description of
roles and responsibilities (Miao, 2020).
Power culture- It is defined as distribution of the authority and power within the
management. This is mostly occurring in that type of organisation in which there is need of

control over their subordinates or other activities. In relevance with the chosen enterprise,
they have this culture as it is a diversified company which require control over the functions
and operations.
Role culture- This refers to distribution of power on the basis of role held by an
individual within the management or entity. In context to Sainsbury's, superior authorities or
head of the department have some special power which they can use at right time. This is
important as because with the help of such power experience people are able to make
decisions (Wood, 2016).
Task- This depicts the culture in which roles responsibilities and tasks are being
assigned to the team or individual subordinate and which are to be completed within a given
period of time. Within this culture, tasks are given to the team members and individual why
there leader or manager depending on their skill and knowledge.
Power-
Organisation power is also important and it refers to getting work done from others at
the given period of time. It is to be given to the right person for achieving goals and
objectives. If it is distributed or given within the wrong hand, problems or conflicts might
arise at workplace and which can disturb the business environment. There are various types
of powers are being used within the enterprise and are explained-
Expert power- In this, it is being given to the experienced people or it is achieved by
those employees who have specialised in a particular field or have an experience of the work.
This is used by entities to run their activities in well organised way a by eliminating risks.
With help of expert power complex work and situations are easily handled when problem
issues arise (Bettig, 2018).
Reward power- This kind of power is being used to motivate or encourage them
employees to put their effort to achieve desired common goals. In reference with Sainsbury's,
the uses power in a positive way so that short-term and long-term objectives are achieved.
This also helps management in increasing the motivation level which results in achieving the
desired goals.
Legitimate power- This is the power which is being through the position accepted by
individual within the entity. For example- Boss, owner, CEO, has such type of powers and
makes their decisions accordingly. This legitimate can be in both positive and negative way
depending only user who uses this power.
Organisation politics-At workplace politics arises and is being used by many
employees for their own self-interest in both positive as well as negative way. It is also
defined as negative word of mouth or manipulating the other individuals to get down the
others respect. In relation with selected corporation, manager of the company making sure
that search political situations are reduced as much as possible.

Effect on individual- When organisation politics occur at workplace, it have deeper
impact on individual performance because all the three elements which our culture power as
well as politics are being encountered by them and according to which they react in the
environment. So it is important for individual to be aware bubbly search factors performance
and behaviour does not get affected and work is being carried out appropriately.
Effect on team members- The above stated factors also have effect on team
members as because of difference in culture ideas and perceptions which creates
heterogeneous situations for all the team members and which results in conflicts. Through
this, they perform and fulfil their roles as well as responsibilities according to the situations
faced by them. It is necessary for leader or manager to be aware and active about such factors
so that they are able to implement corrective measures in near future (Tsai, 2017).
After examine the above paragraph it has been stated that politics culture and power
have a great influence on individual as well as team behaviour and their performance. These
are needed to be understood in in proper way and consideration so that goals as well as
objectives are achieved accordingly. The impact of such elements slows down growth of
business and also decreases the moral and motivation of employees.
TASK 2
P2 Examine the process & content theories of motivation in relevance with given
organisation
In organisation behaviour concept there are many theories recharging adopted by the
entities to run their business effectively. Motivational theories are mostly used by the
enterprises so that employees at workplace are being motivated at higher level through which
they are able to achieve objectives. So, process and content theories of motivation have been
discussed the below-
Process theory- This theory depicts the behaviour get initiated by individual within
the organisation. So, in relation with the Sainsbury's, they adopt Adams equity theory which
shows the comparison between output as well as input of employees they get and receive.
Process theories important and is effectively used by selected entity because it helps them to
analyse as well as examine the behaviour of employees. By applying this theory with proper
considerations understanding the behaviour of employees become more is your and which
leads to establishment of positive relationship between the employee and management.
Input- These are to be considered as resources which are used by the entity such as
raw materials, manpower, information, funds etc. Inputs are also essential for entity they are
the part of integrated business (Rhee, 2019).
Effort- This is known as amount of energy or force used by the subordinates in task
or project. Without putting effort to the work it is not possible to achieve goals as well as
objective.

Knowledge-Gaining of information, interest, training etc. related with the topic of
field help in increasing the knowledge of individual. In relevance with the selected entity,
subordinates of the company apply their knowledge at larger scale in most effective manner.
Output- This is refers to the actual result which is being obtained after the successful
completion of the assignment of task.
Financial rewards- This is also important of process theory of motivation as this
includes incentive gratuity bonus salary etc. as an amount of reward which is being given to
the employees for the work ok done by them at workplace (Putro, 2020).
Content theory-It is a both theoretical as well as practical concept in which the
theory defines the reason or factors which motivates the individual within the organisation or
outside the entity. This content theory includes various types of other motivational theories
such as Maslow hierarchy theory which have been explained below-
Maslow Hierarchical theory- It is a theory which states that individual is motivated
by basic needs and requirements which are essential for living life. The understanding of this
theory gives a brief knowledge about the motivational needs through which employees put
their efforts at workplace. So, such type of needs are discussed below-
Physiological needs-These are those basic needs and requirements which are food,
water, clothes etc. for living healthy life. In context to Sainsbury's, they provide these basic
needs to their employees so that they work in proper way (Sahito, 2017).
Safety and security needs-These are also considered to be motivational needs or
factors because they stimulate employees to work within the organisation without any worries
or fear. Safety and security needs are essential for example- transportation facilities, health
and insurance benefits etc. for a prosperous life and work environment.
Social needs- These are also important for individual as this includes self-recognition
in the society, friends, and family or at workplace. This need increases the morale of the
employees and provides them satisfaction in their work. When subordinates acquired this
needs they are able to work with positive mind and enthusiasm.
Esteem needs-In this it involves self-respect or satisfaction of subordinate within the
organisation. This reflects the appraisals environment achievement etc. In relation with the
chosen corporation, superior authority's or HR department always ensure that this needs are
fulfilled appropriately.
Self-actualisation- These are those type of needs which involves progress or growth
of an employee in the career. Other than the salary needs, employees also focus on their
career growth by which they can explore new opportunities.
Advantages-

 It provides a brief knowledge about the employee behaviour and attitude.
Disadvantages-
 It is not possible to apply this theory in reference with all employees as everyone is
heterogeneous in nature.
 Furthermore, needs or demands or every individual are dynamic & which results in
frequent changes or problems Alexander, 2020).
After a brief analysis of above matter it has been examined that motivation is most
essential part of business and organisation which is needed to be carried out for achieving the
goals. It is also responsibility of the manager to make ensure that relevant theories are being
applied within the management to achieve the both short term and long term objectives. By
applying them motivation theories it is easier for management and organisation to motivate
subordinates to achieve the positive result within a period of time.
TASK 3
P3 Provide the comparison between effective & ineffective team
In an organisation team is required at every phase of business because they help in in
running the all the management activities functions and operations in most appropriate way.
In context to Sainsbury's, they also have different teams according to their departments such
as legal and finance team marketing and sales team etc. Therefore there are various types of
teams which are included in the entity and are explained below-
 Project team- These are considered to be those type of team in which work and
duties are being allotted to the members of the team according to their departmental
roles to finish a particular project.
 Function team- These are considered to be those in which work is being divided and
given on the basis of knowledge or abilities occupied by the individual within the
department such as marketing, sales, operations, financial audit etc.
 Task force- These are the thing which are formed for a short period of time and
completing a short projects. This involves advertisement, promotion etc.
BASIS Effective team Ineffective team
Meaning
These are to be known as
that team in which they
produce profitable output
time result it all and
complete their assigned
duties within a period of
time.
Ineffective team of those
which provide negative
results within the
organisation (Owoseni,
2017).
Powers
In this, team members over
the rules and regulations of
a leader and manager as
well as accept the power of
colleagues all seniors with
In this member of the teams
do not respect the power of
their seniors and disobey
there authority.

coordination and
cooperation
Communication
With the effective team
communication is proper
living communicated by
both team leaders as a less
members through which
they are able to achieve
goals and objectives.
Team members do not have
two way communication and
work in distorted way which
results to conflicts.
Freedom of expression
Members of this team enjoy
the freedom of expressions
which leads to
establishment of positive
relationship.
In this, employees do not
enjoy the freedom of
expressions and which leads
to problematic
situation(Phillips,2016)
Tuck-man leadership theory- This theory which depicts that there are various stages
through which every team passes when team building is done at workplace. This includes
various types of stages which are forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning.
 Forming- This is the first stage of team building in which new members and nervous
and scared by the work environment at new place. Leader and managers help them to
be familiar with the place so that they are able to adjust themselves properly.
 Storming- The next stage is storming in which members of the team start get familiar
with their colleagues and other employees. Also, they start making friends within the
organisation.
 Norming- This specifies that this conflicts and challenges initiated amongst the
colleagues mainly because of heterogeneous nature or difference in their ideas.
 Performing- This specifies that employees start taking their own decisions and
understand their work ok on their own without consulting to anyone. At this stage
leaders of manager do not have to play a vital role or guides their members of team.
 Adjourning-This is considered as last phase of team building theory in which team
members get separated after the completion of the project or the task. It is the most
difficult part of theory because employees get back to their respective department by
leaving the team colleagues (Hamlin, 2020).
TASK 4
P4 Explain the philosophies & concept of OB
Philosophies and concept of OB are being applied universally as it is a wider and
broader concept which is being used by every organisation.
Concepts of OB

Perception- In every organisation individual comes from different culture and
religion which shows that they have unique perception of different ideas as well as thoughts
which they apply to their work. In context to Sainsbury's, manager of the firm need to use
different techniques such as brainstorming and group discussion for understanding the ideas
of employees.
Dependency- Enterprise and employer equal a dependent on each other as because
absence of any one of them will not be able to achieve vision and mission. Therefore it is
necessary for selected entity to establish well organised and positive relationship between the
employer as well as subordinates (Jacobs, 2020).
Philosophies
Path goal theories of leadership-This theory of leadership specify that leaders and
managers select the leadership style depending upon the situation analysis which is suitable
for the subordinates.
Directive- Leaders and managers direct or guide the employees towards the work are
responsibilities assigned to them. In relation with the chosen entity managers are always
ready to guide their team members and other colleagues.
Supportive- This is specified that leaders support their employees in both
professional as well as emotional way. In context with Sainsbury's, they are leaders are
trained in such a way that they treat everyone as equal.
Participative- Then this states that manager’s allow every employee to take part in
decision making and give importance to their ideas as well as thoughts.
Achievement-In this it shows that difficult problems and challenges or task are being
assigned by the leaders as well as managers to their team members and employees so that
they are able to deal with them in most effective way also through which they get encouraged
(Miao, 2020).

CONCLUSION
After a brief analysis of above report it has been concluded that organisational
behaviour is essential part of business which is needed to be understood in most appropriate
way. This will help and it is to carry out their function and operations smoothly. Furthermore,
team members and individuals both are essential as they help in increasing the productivity of
business by applying their knowledge and skills at workplace. Moreover different theories are
used such as technical leadership theory, path goal theory and Maslow hierarchical theory.
Also, discussion has been made about the concept and philosophies of OB which gives a brief
knowledge about the understanding of employees initiated behaviour.

REFERENCES
Books & Journal:
Miao, 2020. Ethical Leadership and Unethical Pro‐Organisational Behaviour: The Mediating
Mechanism of Reflective Moral Attentiveness.Applied Psychology,69(3), pp.834-853.
Jacobs, 2020. Conceptualising ‘financialisation’: governance, organisational behaviour and
social interaction in UK housing.International Journal of Housing Policy,20(2),
pp.184-202.
Wood, 2016.Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications. John Wiley & Sons
Australia, Ltd..
Bettig, 2018.Copyrighting culture: The political economy of intellectual property. Routledge.
Tsai, Y.H., Joe, S.W., Lin, C.P., Huang, C.C. and Ma, H.C., 2017. Being excellent:
predicting team performance, proactivity, and proficiency in technology
industries.Total Quality Management & Business Excellence,28(7-8), pp.801-824.
Rhee, 2019. Comparison of Process Theories to Content Theories in Motivating
Workforces.International Journal of Human Resource Studies,9(4), pp.267-274.
Sahito, 2017. The Diagonal Model of Job Satisfaction and Motivation: Extracted from the
Logical Comparison of Content and Process Theories.International Journal of Higher
Education,6(3), pp.209-230.
Putro, 2020. An intelligent agent model for learning group development in the digital
learning environment: A systematic literature review.Bulletin of Electrical
Engineering and Informatics,9(3), pp.1159-1166.
Owoseni, 2017, May. Evolving a new community through Tuckman model and WhatsApp
messaging platform. In2017 IST-Africa Week Conference (IST-Africa)(pp. 1-9).
IEEE.
Alexander, 2020. Female Paralympic athlete views of effective and ineffective coaching
practices.Journal of Applied Sport Psychology,32(1), pp.48-63.
Hamlin, 2020. Toward an emergent Asian behavioural model of perceived managerial and
leadership effectiveness: a cross-nation comparative analysis of effective and
ineffective managerial behaviour of private sector managers in India and South
Korea.Human Resource Development International,23(3), pp.259-282.
Phillips,2016. Behavioral styles of path-goal theory: An exercise for developing leadership
skills.Management Teaching Review,1(3), pp.148-154.