Operations and Project Management

This document provides an overview of operations and project management principles, their implementation in the context of Cadbury company, and the importance of continuous improvement. It discusses the concepts of operations and operation management, reviews the implementation of operation management principles, and analyzes the effectiveness of a continuous improvement plan. The document also includes a case study on Cadbury company and its project life cycle. Subject: Operations Management

Operations and project
management

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................3
Explanation of operations and operation management................................................................3
Conduct the review of implementation of operation management principles which
organizational context..................................................................................................................4
Extent to which operations management meet the requirements.................................................5
Review and critique the implementation of operation management in relation to six sigma
methodology and lean principle...................................................................................................5
Prepare a continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of operations
management principles within an organizational context............................................................6
Analyze the effectiveness of a continuous improvement plan using appropriate theories,
concepts and/or models................................................................................................................8
Through continuous improvement plan make two recommendations which helps in enhancing
the organization function.............................................................................................................8
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................10
Overview of the company..........................................................................................................10
Description of project life cycle.................................................................................................10
Importance of the project, cost benefit analysis and the target market......................................11
Each stage of life cycle in context with Cadbury project..........................................................12
Prepare work breakdown structure for implementing a new product........................................12
Provide an analysis with conceptual and theoretical arguments to justify theories and concept
....................................................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Operation management describe about the administration of business practices which
structure the highest level of efficiency possible within an organization. It is main concern with
converting materials labor into goods and services as efficiently maximize the profit within
organization. It also involves utilizing resources from staff materials equipment’s and
technologies on which it making improvisation for achieving positive outcomes in effective
manner. From the project management is a process of leading the work of a team to achieve all
project cold within the given constraint as per the objective of project management is to produce
complete budget which comprise the client objectives (Piñero-Vilela and et.al, 2021). It is
usually project team to be success if it achieves the objectives as per the planning required by
Project Management to the acceptance of criteria within all Time Scale and budget. It was time
cost and quality of building blocks of every project. In this following report the company is
considered Cadbury company case study is following in which this required to review about the
working situation of operation management principle. Cadbury is a formally British
multinational confectionery venture. Cadbury is having International headquarter in Uxbridge,
West London with operates 50 countries global level. In second part of project would be e on
Cadbury case study where it allows the project imitation and project planning execution and
closure that describe a specific project how Cadbury would be taking that implement as per their
own process..
Task 1
Explanation of operations and operation management
Operations
It is defined as a procedure and an activity which is used to manage and maintain the
internal work which is associated with Business Corporation and efficiently run the business. It
helps in selling and providing all the assistances to the ultimately user. In context with Cadbury
they use proper operations in terms of their internal working environment that ultimately helps in
achieving all goals and objectives.
Operations management
It is determined as a business function which is in accordance with controlling and
designing the overall production procedure in the manufacturing of all services (Lili and et.al,
2021). It is defined as the transfer of all inputs into outputs that creates a value to the ultimate
consumer. In Cadbury, they properly manage all their business operations with respect to their
production department as it will effectively complete all the tasks within the set time period.

Conduct the review of implementation of operation management principles which organizational
context.
The overview of operation management depicts to the management of business practices that
creates better goods and services by converting them into finished good in manufacturing
process. The process of operation management includes planning, organising and supervising in
short for much higher profitability and improvement of efficiency within the manufacturing
operation. The overall purpose of operation and way to utilise the resources and make the the
goods into proper complete finished goods as per the supply and demand to provide customer.
There are some principles of Operation Management which implements at the time of processing
of goods and services as will also use in Cadbury Company for their processing of product
manufacturing such as:
 Reality: in operation management focus on overall problems instead of just tool and
techniques is the main agenda is to making those issues and any challenges to overcome
by generating valuable solutions for it (Pawar and et.al, 2021). This is because no tools is
it celling will be able to present in Universal solution to all problems that can be
encountered. They would be required of expertise advice and some kind of suggestions
which need to fulfil by specific team of Cadbury Company.
 Organisation: According to this principle it related with productivity facility there is
everything within the operation that is interconnected on which overall these element to
be focused and consistent it also tractable to generate operation you will not achieve an
outcome for profit.
 Success: it is various definitions of what success is within production facilities for
employees and other systematic function works on a compliance related manner achieve
overall objectives with an effective manner. The success of Cadbury they used to focus
on that customer taste and preferences along with the demands on which to make them
satisfied with their new innovative products and this is the main reason for their success.
 Accountability: to be null accountable it is a key to the running a manufacturing
operation manager expected to be able set rules and matrix while also checking on a
frequent basis through which course are being mat effectively (Kovalchuk, 2021). To
maintain workers accountable the organisation like Cadbury would provide training and
development and performing these are one of the two main managerial key which helps
to maintain the accountable of workers.

 Fundamentals: according to this principle of operation management it usually focus on
rule of efficiency of success will come up to maintaining current process why 20% come
from applying now and techniques to the development process effective
Extent to which operations management meet the requirements
 With respect to major obligation of Cadbury it is to control the overall cost in their
operational management activities (Harris and et.al, 2021). The principle of management
is in relation with the variance which is used by the organization in order to develop the
line of product usage. This principle is mainly used in order to decrease the cost but it
does not been efficiently used in the product line and it is most important thing for an
organization to properly use the overall cost. Due to this reason only it is not beneficial
for Cadbury to fulfill all their targets.
 Cadbury needs to enhance their scope of the business unit with the help of supply chain
units. With respect to this principle of humility it ensures that if there is any kind of issue
that may arise in the process of delivery than it can be solved by trial and error method.
In this the executor can place themselves in the position of an ordinary man who doesn’t
know anything and due to this it also does not achieve the requirements of delivery and
enhance their marketplace.
 The organization can use the process of change and implement certain innovative tools
and techniques which are helpful for the supply chain. With respect to Cadbury they
mainly focus on their change management model which is in relation with the safety as it
is very beneficial for their company in the field of distribution and production procedure.
 The principle of operation management is helpful for the organization in order to make
the interrelation and hold operation management. Due to the high inconsistency between
logistics and supply chain various obstacles get created and it becomes complicated to
implement a new method in the enterprise.
Review and critique the implementation of operation management in relation to six sigma
methodology and lean principle.
Six Sigma:
This is a methodology for improving the quality of operation management and mitigating
the errors and effect which reduce the cost and saving time in any operation management project.
It is primarily intended for high and engineering to which manufacturing companies seek Six
Sigma quality within service industries. It is an expensive implement but it properly done which
Pay of itself and makes company in to industry leaders and centres of Excellence.
The role of Six Sigma in operation management in context of Cadbury Company as following:
 Senior executive support: it will only work when the quality engineers and department
managers are supported by the senior executives because it is a most important a senior

executive provides the instruction and briefing about the specific project on which
department manager woodwork that accordingly (Allen, 2021). It is important that this is
different from classical quality management where executive leadership is must require
in terms of instruction and other briefing about how to tackle some project which are very
complex situation. Might be providing some crucial differences where support of
Executive senior would not be enough they would be required of Six Sigma initiative.
 Top down training: through using of Six Sigma might be outside expert consultant but
cannot depend upon then for a longer period of time because everyone in the company
have their own vision and diversion or department must receive Six Sigma training for
the use. As the main understanding of business value by executive and senior managers
and how to support in various situation. Non-technical manager must know about how to
work with it.
 Create an infrastructure to support success: through Six Sigma is not a onetime fix to
maintain the high quality production and the whole organisation must be able to
communicate through error and effect able to eliminate them effectively.
Lean principles
This is also a type of business strategy which is driven by the principles of doing more
but with less. In other words the lean operation and principle is all about to putting their little
efficiency into work to make it is effective and generate positive outcomes. The ultimate goal of
lean principle is to creating work efficient and presentable to cutting the cost and eliminate waste
uncertainty factor which are creating more barriers in workforce culture (Proag, 2021). The
importance of business operation the lean principles efficiently as possible may seem like
obvious goal but it even more profitable where I can easily bogged down in a day to day
operations easy to forget to make step back and take stock of organisation. For example Cadbury
company their manufacturing team put efforts on its labelling and presenting in different
Innovation and creative ideas on the mapping of customer taste in preferences usually Cadbury
manufacture food chocolate items other Bakery products where they put there more innovative
concepts by cutting cost effectively.
Prepare a continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of operations
management principles within an organizational context.
It is important for every project manager to have a focus on weak areas so that all goals
are accomplished at all aspects. Also it is duty of a project manager and team members to have a
proper implementation of continuous improvement plan so that all benefits are achieved within
the time period (Fugivara, Merladet and Lahoz, 2021). With the adoption of continuous
improvement plan it is easier for supervisor to adopt operations management principles so that

everything is being carried out effectively. Principles of Operation Management are crucial for
business and projects because without them it is impossible for managers to execute the activities
and operations without facing any problem or issue. So, continuous improvement plan has been
adopted and implemented by Cadbury which has been further discussed as follows-
 Plan- It is the first aspect of continuous improvement model in which it focuses towards
collecting of information market analysis data and presenting an idea for improving the
weak areas of product or service. In consideration of Cadbury they are planning to
explain the basis with the new product and services in order to increase goodwill and
customer ratio.
 Do- It is the second stage in which it pays attention on the generated ideas are being
actually adopted and they are being processed with real course of action (Atkin and
Brooks, 2021). In context of Cadbury, they have in distributing their product with new
added on options and services.
 Check- This is a third aspect of model in which test the processes and activities which
are being carried out during improvement plan.

 Act- It is a last aspect of model in which company built the product with new features
and improve the weak areas and distribute it to customers with the help of advertising and
branding.
After the above specified paragraph it is analysed that continuous improvement plan is
needed to be adopted by every project manager so that it becomes easier for them to
accomplish their project task within a specific time interval. In the viewpoint of selected
organisation it is a time consuming process but is required to be adopted so that goals are
accomplished and competitive benefits are achieved.
Analyze the effectiveness of a continuous improvement plan using appropriate theories, concepts
and/or models.
It has been analyzed that continuous improvement plan could be used by company in
order to have effectiveness in their working operations. As in terms of Cadbury, company could
use various models in terms of continuous improvement plan so that their effectiveness could be
maintained in markets (Fridgeirsson, Kristjansdottir and Ingason, 2021). As for that certain
models as well as techniques of operation management search has lean principles along with
total quality management where they could perform their operations without having any
confusion as well as lack of ineffectiveness. As Cadbury is keeping their focus on having a
continuous enhancement in their operations by carrying out total quality management for
ensuring that their product are to be understood with quality as sure product so that customers’
needs as well as requirements could be satisfied at higher level and as a result revenues could be
generated by company. Total quality management is considered to be a practice which is used by
Cadbury in order to enhance their quality level of manufacturing of their product as blood
services so that their customers could be able to get quality served products. Also along with
their there are other model of just in time as well as lean principles which could be used by
Cadbury in order to increase their effectiveness of their enhancement level in corporate markets.
As it has been analyzed that Cadbury is using different principles of operation management such
as principle of success, principle of quality as well as principle of variance in their operations to
perform their working business practices in order to achieve their goals in a particular time
period ( Ahmad, Aibinu and Stephan, 2021). Along with that these models help Cadbury in terms
of increasing their Goodwill in markets along with mind-sets of customers in terms of their
purchasing so that their sales revenues could be generated more.
Through continuous improvement plan make two recommendations which helps in enhancing
the organization function
The continuous improvement plan is essential for businesses because it assures where the
improvement is necessary to enlarge their performance and receive good level of proficiency. It
is beneficial in the procedure of product offerings and also in manufacturing through which
effective amount of profits is earned. It is being explained as below: -

Basis Existing methodology Recommended methodology
Quality In this the principle of
operation management is used
so that quality can be
effectively managed and
advanced technology is being
used that creates cost.
In order to use advanced
technology in the aspect of
supply chain management and
the production process they
need to analyze all functions
which are involved and they
use the method of JIT.
Cost In relation with Cadbury they
use the principle of variance
which helps in enlarging the
product lines at minimum cost
but is not reducing the cost
which is being used in
operational management
(Singh and et.al, 2021).
The organization can make the
usage of variance principle so
that operational cost can be
reduced with the help of
production process and all the
cost which is related to
workforce can also be
decreased.
Delivery In the enterprise the principle
of humility was not being
applied in the proper manner.
In this the business executive
can perform as an executive
man which would create many
kinds of problems while
determining a proper plan.
In order to efficiently apply
the management plan
organization need to properly
manage and maintain all the
resources and the most
important role is played by
them while using advanced
techniques through supply
chain management. At the
same point of time it will also
help in building up profits.
Recommendation to improve organizational functions
The report includes certain proposals for the Cadbury which helps in enlarging the profits and
also reducing the cost of production by using different principles of operational management and
makes a continuous improvement plan.
 To decrease the cost in the enterprise they can do a supply chain management with the
help of following advanced technology and also the process of innovation that will help
in managing and maintaining the cost and also earning more profits (Skulmoski and et.al,
2021). They can use the theory of JIT which would help in making the alert about
demanding products by the customers so that they can fulfill all their targets.
 For efficient production and manufacturing procedures business enterprises may use the
method of advanced technology so that all products and services can be done efficiently
and in an effective manner by also maintaining the quality and quantity of products.

TASK 2
Overview of the company
Cadbury is the world’s best and foremost confectionary organization. They provide
diverse varieties of chocolates, candies to all the age groups of audiences. The brand employs
around 46000 workers and in approximately 60 countries. It was being evaluated that the
selected brand was owned by British organization (Rodrigues, Mackay and Arnold, 2021). It was
founded by John Cadbury in the year 1824 and opened their first orifice in Birmingham. The
success of business lies in their process of management only as they use different kinds of
administration so that best outcomes can be received and all goals and objectives can be
achieved. Their organizational style lies through the procedure of flat and hierarchical structure
but mainly it is in context with democratic nature.
Description of project life cycle
It is defined as a procedure that includes phases that is useful at the initial stage till the
end of the project. With respect to Cadbury they apply this model to assure that work is being
done in respected as well as proficient way. It is further being described as below
 Project initiation: - It is the first and initial stage which is used to properly examine all
the deadlines, targets and the risks which are associated with these specific projects. This
stage provides solution to all the hurdles and grabs the opportunity that is feasible in
nature. It helps in decreasing the movements of workforce and also gives them a
comfortable living of their life so on the basis of this they make certain strategic plan and
decrease all the hurdles. While initiating any project it is significant to assess everything
whether there is any kind of risk which is associated with it or necessary targets.
 Project planning: - It is the second stage in which organizations focus on making
proposal of all the targets. It includes certain resources, determination of prospective
financing options and the deadline to complete a specific project. In order to build up
effective reserves the manager of Cadbury can initiate this step and do proper planning
(Akawi and Musonda, 2021). It was being analyzed that by making an effective plan it is
beneficial to achieve the task and enlarge all profits since it helps them in solving all the
abstracts by implementing new innovative ideas. Only starting with a project and not
doing any kind of planning then it is not possible to achieve all kind of goals and
objectives.
 Project execution: - It is the third step of project life cycle in which the above plan is
implemented in this step. Project management requires both management skills as well as
their soft skills so that motivation is created and all the tasks are completed within the
deadline. With respect to Cadbury the executive needs to inspire their team members so
that they work properly and give effective outcomes by removing all the distractions.
Through this the manager can motivate their employees by providing non -monetary as
well as certain monetary advantages so that productivity can get increased.

 Project closure: - It is the last stage in which a project is completed within the deadline
and all functions are achieve as per the framework. In Cadbury they offered the facility
which is in relation with lunch and food where they can eat and recharge their minds
without any consequences. It is a necessary stage to feel satisfied with the overall
working environment and all needs can get satisfied the help of different strategies.
Importance of the project, cost benefit analysis and the target market
Business case
Introduction of company Cadbury is a British multinational
confectionary organization and is one of the
second largest brands around whole world. It
operates in more than 50 countries and is
mainly famous for its Dairy milk chocolate,
Roses selection box and certain other products
also (Lehtovaara and et.al, 2021).
Vision and mission With respect to company mission they made a
statement that Cadbury mainly means quality,
it is their promise and continuous improvement
is assured. Their mission is to sustain in such
competitive market environment. On the basis
of company vision it is to provide best quality
products to all consumers and earn better
revenue.
Aim The company main aim and objective is to
perform at top level in comparison with other
brands. They want to develop a complete
diverse product, smart varieties and achieve a
profitable growth in their confectionary sector.
Strategy The company follows the strategy which is
mainly based on discussion with all consumers
about different products that they sell. They
use the strategy of “Choose Cadbury” to
enlarge the link between all chocolate and
assure that suitable products are being provided
( Bambauer-Sachse and Helbling, 2021).
Every business organization need to follow a
strategy so in case of Cadbury also they
implemented different strategies and on the
basis of this followed a link between
everything.
Follow-up The brand can use the way of questionnaires,
surveys, exit interviews and many more. On
the basis of this further projects are also
executed well.

Each stage of life cycle in context with Cadbury project
Project plan
Cost It sustains the cost for whole project which is £
25000 –30000
Communication It is not possible for Cadbury to maintain all
tasks and activities which are associated with
the project without having any communication
between team members and their leaders so it
is crucial to get engaged with staff members
with the help of both oral and written
communication.
Scope The scope is that each one believes that every
employee play significant role to take care of
all the customers. With respect to this they will
be able to support total quality management.
Prepare work breakdown structure for implementing a new product
It refers to a project supervision device that helps in developing the project into small
elements and also divides their difficult tasks into the form of management ( Dařena and Gotter,
2021) . With regards to Cadbury they can split all their projects in an appropriate way so that all
tasks and activities can be achieved in an efficient way.
Provide an analysis with conceptual and theoretical arguments to justify theories and concepts
 Requirement: - By applying this model executives can assess all the required resources
which help in performing future tasks and activities. In Cadbury they implemented
different strategies which are in relation with customer satisfaction within and outside the

office and they also use the approach in context with Six Sigma as it helps in building up
the efficiency of the project and associated tasks. It can also enhance the level of
productivity with the help of decreasing the defect in the production process by assessing
whole data. If the manager of Cadbury applies this process they can assess and determine
whole information so that certain defects can be reduced and profit margin can get
enhanced.
 Design: - On the basis of this stage the principles which are related to customer care and
training at minimum level of cost different tasks and activities can be planned in order to
formulate a specific project. It is helpful for the business organization to get efficient
level of outcomes.
 Development: - In this phase an enterprise can use democratic style of leadership which
would create a healthy environment to all the leaders. They use the model of Total quality
management to implement the operations which would enlarge overall quality of
products and enable customer satisfaction.
 Testing and maintenance: - It is the last stage in which all activities are analyzed and
tested if any change is required then it can be done on this stage with the permission of
manager. With respect to this all goals and targets are achieved and companies can
enhance their profits.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from above report that operations and project management
activities are considered to be essential which are to be carried by a company in order to have
effectiveness in their working place. This report explains about components of operations as well
as project Management which are required to be carried in order to run a project. As this report
carries a brief explanation of various operations management principle which is used by
company in order to have effectiveness in terms of generating profitability. Along with that there
is an explanation of different continuous improvement plan with an analysis of various
techniques which could be used in order to have effectiveness in working culture. There is an
expression of project there different stages of project management are explain in terms of
execution of a project to monitoring along with that various models which could be used by a
project in order to maintain its effectiveness and efficiency level for meeting their goals are
determined. At last there are certain models as well as techniques which could be used by project
as well as companies in order to have sustainability in their working environment along with
generation of revenues in terms of building profits.

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