Unit 17: Understanding and leading change.

Unit 17: Understanding
and leading change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
M1) asses the different drivers for change in each of the given examples and the type of
organisational change they have affected .....................................................................................6
D1 Draw conclusions and recommendations with valid justifications for planning effectively for
change and applying change impact analysis..................................................................................6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P2 Evaluate the ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team and
individual behaviours within an organisation..................................................................................6
M2 Critically evaluate the long term implications of internal and external drivers of change
within an organisation. ...........................................................................................................10
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
P4) Explain different barriers to change and determine how they influence leadership decision
making in a given organisational context ....................................................................................10
M3) Use force field analysis to analyse both driving and resisting forces to show how they
influence decision making in a given organisational context........................................................11
D2) Decision and outcomes based on the force field analysis in the context of meeting
organisational objectives................................................................................................................12
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
P5. Analyse distinct approaches of leadership to deal with change in change of suitable
organisation. ..................................................................................................................................12
M4) Evaluate that which leadership approaches can deliver organisational change effectively
applying appropriate models and frameworks...............................................................................13
D3) Critically evaluate the effectiveness of leadership approaches and models of the change
management...................................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Understanding and leading change prepares employees for the creation and development
of new idea through which new opportunities and environment arises at continuous basis of
interval. It also develop the skills within the employees to meet and to resolve the problems that
come with the initiative and implementation of change. It also been induce to drive positive
change within the operations with this strategies are made and implemented that results in
appropriate use of resources in a accurate manner (Aitkenhead and et. al., 2019). The change
always bring better implementation of the strategies and policies so the modification in the
production and alteration can be introduce in the performance. Its also prepares the participants
to deal with the future uncertainty and able to find their solutions effectively. The following
report is based on the MARKS AND SPENCER that is major UK multinational retailing
company having headquartered in London. Its deals in a clothing, home product and food
product. This report consist of change that influence organisational strategy and policy, driver of
change that impact the organisational behaviour. Barriers to change that influences leadership
decision making, range of leadership approaches to a change initiative.
TASK 1
P1) Compare ways in which change impacts on an organisation's strategy and operations
organisational behaviour assist in to develop an understanding about the attitude and
performance of the employees within the organisation. There are variety of factors that
influences the organisational behaviour including strategy, policies, structure and culture of the
company. One of the biggest factor that Impact the entity is change. In this all companies has
faced many issue while operating its functions and for this they have eliminate the different
complexity and convolutions at regular period of time. Thus to get over from this company need
to adopt the moderate level of changes in their strategies , policies, structure and procedure with
the better perfection in operating functions in the organisations (Avitia Carlos, Rodríguez Tapia
and Candolfi Arballo, 2020). Change also have an positive impact on the working standard and
productivity so that favourable outcomes can be achieved. Furthermore, change also influenced
negatively sometimes but it prepares participants to meet the problems and resolves them
effectively to induce the better productivity and profitability. In addition to this moderate level of
modification and advancement is introduce by which better action plan and procedure is
developed for the initiation of tools and techniques. In order to attain longer sustainability it is

essential to manage and operate function while adopting the changes in which both positive and
negative aspects is considered in effective mode.
BASIS MARKS AND SPENCER TESCO
Change in
external
factor
Marks and spencer deliver a clothing,
home product and food product. It is a
British multinational retailing company.
It is listed on the London stock exchange.
M&S currently has a 959 stores
including 615 only sells food product. In
1998 company becomes the first British
retailer to a pre – tax profit. They are
improving in terms of quality, service
and cost but get affected by changes in
the external factors as like economic
factor (Bertini, 2019). There are many
small retailers which are offering same
products at reasonable price with the
availability in every local areas. That
effects the demand and sales revenue of
the company as customer is willing to
buy at a lower price with same quality.
To overcome this M&S is trying to reach
at every local area and with cost effective
and quality products.
TESCO is an British multinational
grocery and merchandise retailer with
headquarter in welwyn garden city,
england. This company achieve s the
third largest position in the world
measured by gross revenue. It has shop in
the seven countries across Asia and
Europe and it is the market leader in
groceries in the UK. This company has a
brand image and reputation in the eyes of
customers. To keep run the operations
and services with smoothness is
necessary to manage the efficiency and
productivity along with adopting the
changes in the environment. Due to the
social changes, trends indicates that
customer has moved towards the bulk
shopping and at a one stop shopping that
pressures the company to make available
the variety of product line at place,
customers are also getting aware about
the health issues due to which their
approach towards food is changing
constantly. To cover up this tesco is
adapting these changes by
accommodating the demand for organic
food and making available at every store

in order to provide the better services.
Structure M&S is offering different product line
with the latest industry trends while
anticipating the requirements and
prioritise the customer along with also
ensures the strong effective e-commerce
infrastructure in order to make easy
available of the product. This also
engages in the highly effective corporate
social responsibilities to attract the
customers and to enhance the customer
experience. To cope with the emerging
trends in industry. Company has tries to
analysis the environment more
effectively and implement the different
concepts within the organisational in
order to respond to the changes
effectively.
Tesco is facing more challenges from the
other markets as company is highly
depends upon the UK and Europe for its
sales and does not spend time and
resources on the developing the other
markets where it operates. And tesco is
also having the high cost inventory so
consumer may not buying as many items.
To cover up company is main focusing
on the quality, section and services in
respect to brand image and global
recognition and ensuring the long term
sustainability in the future (Boff and
Cardwell, 2020).
Strategy: it is the set of action plan that company considered to attain the organisational
goals and objectives within the acceptable period of time. It is the general direction set for
various departments in order to achieve desired state in the future. With the change in the
external and internal environment company need to formulates its strategy in a effective manner
in order to give positive respond to the company. To cope with the changes in the environment
M&S compose the strategy of effective corporate social responsibility and focusing on
enhancing the customer experience. In support of this M&S is managing and controlling the
changes and has been uses PESTLE analysis in order to execute the action plan.
Operations: it is the process that defines the inner working of the organisation that all the
employees in the business has worked with more assurance so that working process is completed
in a adequate time period (Booth, Wade and Walker, 2018). In this manger worked to influence
the working behaviour and attitude of the employees and to motivate the workers so that they
have put maximum efforts to complete the certain task and activities. Changes in the

environment effects the inner operations of the company. In this M&S tries to increases the
training and development programme so that critical thinking is evaluated and get motivated to
work in the complex environment effectively.
M1) asses the different drivers for change in each of the given examples and the type of
organisational change they have affected
From the above analysis is has been summarised that economical factor is the driver for
change that effects the M&S as there are more small retainers who are providing same product
and services in more economic prices so for this company is trying to reach at every local areas
with cost effective and quality products (Chng and Mårtensson, 2020). And TESCO is being
effected by the social factors as now consumers are more ware about the health issues. And their
habits changes to the bulk shopping so for this TESCO is accommodating the demand for the
organic products with availability of products in one store.
D1 Draw conclusions and recommendations with valid justifications for planning effectively for
change and applying change impact analysis.
According to time changes are mandatory for the company because employee have various
opportunities and take the challenges to learn the new things to perform in excellent manner and
prove themselves. And they are looking forward for higher position it seems like how much they
they are hungry to grab the things. It has been recommended that in social factor company have
to socialise because customer are used to social media they will attract towards the products and
organisation should fast in their services. Now move forward to economic factor, product must
be made on nominal price or organisation have to make quality of product in which customer are
willing to pay. It will increase the brand value and image of the corporation and this brand also
come with discounts, vouchers, or some extra gifts for the consumer (Drago-Severson and Blum-
DeStefano, 2018). This thing will enlighten the brand and generate the revenue.
TASK 2
P2 Evaluate the ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team and
individual behaviours within an organisation.
Some external environment can affect the corporation are political, social, environmental and
technological. Internal environment defined as effectiveness of team which shows the
administration relations to the external atmosphere in these sphere.

Internal factor includes the people, structure, events, systems and conditions in the
administration which under comes the corporation. The statement of company is mission, vision,
working culture and climate mode of leadership ,which relates the internal atmosphere of the
company. Internal factor will also convince changes in leadership mode, employee activeness
and attitudes, decisions, activities of the organisation. The mission and vision of the organisation
which can be appreciable outcome of the company.
External factor consider as outside of the organisation are social, political, environmental,
technical which is outside of the organisation. Some common external cause that convince to the
company and the resources are competition, customers, economy, social conditions etc.
organisation have a efficient power to convince on its growth, operations which is currently
going on (Hoover, 2018). It also focus on long term solidity, when organisation neg-late the
external resources it creates difficulties for the managers because they are not able to analyse or
identify the actual data of the organisation which will effect the image or brand value of the
organisation.
Organisation have to focus on this factors because, this factor is very helpful to see the
current status of the organisation. What kind of changes they have to do, which technology have
to install by the company which works is going to in significant way. It is worth, managers
should work on it continuous basis and adapt to the external factors. This thing will take excited
formulation which can track a massive different conclusion.
Environmental scanning include the observation of the company internal or external
factors for the changes of the organisation, if its required to adapt the opportunities, threats, and
build the pattern to allow the organisation's strength and weakness. If organisation make call for
the average type of scanning which comes into strength, weakness, opportunity and threats of
the internal or external factors. A manager observes the internal factor by seeing in in
effectiveness inside the organisation. After that look forward external factor and the things
considering autonomous of the company. Environmental scanning analyse uncontrollable and
outer factor is prepare of clear every point of plan of action. This thing have materialistic effect
on your enterprise.
P3 Evaluate measures that can be taken to minimise negative impacts of change on
organisational behaviour

External factor that influence behaviour at work : external forces convince the
employee behaviour because all the things get change and it is uncontrollable for the employee.
This factor occurring beyond the organisation, employees respond about this force, the way is
not good because they think about suitability of work but this factor doesn't consider.
Discourtesy in workplace : disturbing someone, interpreting, before they completed
from uttering. Negative comments, snide, making facial expression while someone is speaking.
Managers should watch this behaviour, ignorance refusing from decisions and communication or
in other activities (Kavanaugh, 2020). It is the worst thing i show the discourtesy in working
environment physical or verbal fighting. If this thing will not stop. It will cross the limit to
harassment or bullying. This thing becomes habitual which shows the negativity.
How does working culture affect the employees attitude
the culture of organisation is depend upon management, it is a group of people which works
together, individually or groups for the organisations for select their aims and objectives.
Company gives reward, appraises, motivation to the employee which is need of the employee for
give better result to the company. And most important thing is depends on company, it full fill
the need of the employee or not. This thing affects the behaviour of employees attitude.
Minimize the negative effect of changes: this thing effect on the job satisfaction,
physical or mental health, and this thing can impact on the organisation to lose the good people.
Here are some points to minimize the negative effect of the changes of the employee and to build
administration successful.
The first point is which is very important is leadership, employee accept as an unknown the
organisation and don't understand the organisation culture, this things can create negativity from
the beginning which is not good for the company (Kroll, Kelly and Rates, 2019). Give the
chance to everyone top prove themselves, organisation can see how employee put the efforts to
select their goals and objectives. How is working, this thing build better strength of the employee
which are able to do work more effective or significant. and develop their leadership skills.
Don't keep employee in dark : organisation have to change the process, give the
incomplete information to the employee and do gossiping, rumour, in the absence of the
employee and involve in daily communication from establishment.
To ensure about brief the employee and allocate the work with immaculate information.
Update on daily basis, if there is new report so justify or elaborate to the employee in which they

are able to understand the things. When organisation method will change, employee also can take
advantage of alerts, inbuilt surveys and module in which organisation get feedback from the
employee in actual time. This process will work on problems and concerns which is beneficial or
easy for the company. installed the desk alerts this device is worth for communication which able
to send pop up notification directly to the employee desk. The way of working about desk alerts
is more efficient of communicating rather then e-mail. this is advantage of the organisation
managers have peace of mind, staff will see the updates automatically.
To keep employee busy in communication: the performance administration is doing
changes keep allowing for more authentication and low formal conversation (Lewis, Williams
and Baker, 2020). When it shows issues in the performance, employee play its character in
underperforming role. Concern the plan of actions to help the employee to rebuild its
performance.
Create culture of learning: create learning environment which employee can take leads
and new challenges to develop there skills and to diversify themselves for its future development
which will work in same company or another organisation, it depends on it.
Considering notification: notification is very helpful, it can help to serve soft passage
for the organisation or the employees.
Occurring the excellent training: training include the situations how to deal with that,
how to manage the organisation with the help of available resources. How to work on
difficulties, implementation of strategies, how to solve the conflicts.
Celebrate the result which you look forward for change. If change effort is for long
duration period, employee can't passionate about its work. And it seems nothing is going on in
the organisation. Supervise the activity of over time to make change as compulsory, approach
your hard work on daily basis which can help to foreclose wasting time on those things which
are not worth. It will create problem on working time.
Build a visible vision of the organisation what changes require for desirable progress. Team
member should be committed and passionate about work and to make changes. It shows the how
employee are willing to do work, how much time they gave to the organisation (Moore, 2020).
Showing a clip or text which customer showing dissatisfaction goods and services of the
organisation. It show the loyalty of the company towards the consumer.

M2 Critically evaluate the long term implications of internal and external drivers of change
within an organisation.
These both factors are do majorly effect on the enterprises. It shows the where the organisation is
standing it includes all the factors in which analyse the advantage or disadvantage and how to
come up with the solutions. These environment gives new mode of working in the organisation,
external factor shows the opportunities in which competitor changes the logo, decrease in prices,
stop the production, want to do collaboration. Or shows the strength, threats weakness. External
environment creates a issue in this, corporation can't do nothing because it includes various
factors political, environmental, social culture, technological, economical, and legal (Nadim and
Singh, 2019.). These all process makes a bit difficulties for the business enterprises. Some of
factors are give the advantage to the company.
TASK 3
P4) Explain different barriers to change and determine how they influence leadership decision
making in a given organisational context
The management always need to implement the change in order to modified the company policy
and strategies so that performance and productivity increases effectively. Their are various
barriers for the change management that makes difficult for the M&S to work with the new
changes. Some major issues and their impact on decision making of leader are mentioned below:
Resistance to change: This is refers to the fact that workers and employees of the
organisation are not ready to accept the new changes as they are comfortable with their old
methods and techniques . This is one of the major barrier that M&S is facing in implementing
the changes as this will effect the overall process of the operations in the organisation. Moreover
it impacts the decision making of the leaders in the organisation. Because it is the responsibility
of the leader to influence and motivate the workers to adopt the changes for developing new
opportunity within the entity. That will provide the better performance and growth to the
organisations as well as to the employees as professionally and personally.
Lack of clear scope and definition: this is one of the most common barrier to
accelerating the change is the lack of understanding of the what actual change is. M&S is facing
this barriers as they are not able to recognition the actual change. Because company is dealing in
a industry where factors are changing rapidly (Nelson-Brantley and et. al., 2018). That results in

the impact on the decision making as now this is the responsibility of the leader to be updated
with the changes and also make understand to the employees.
Force field analysis
this principle is developed by the kurt lewin, provides significant contribution to the field of
change management. It provides a framework for the factors that influences the forces. It
determined the forces either driving or helping movement towards the goal or blocking or
resisting the movement towards the goals. In case of M&S some analysis are given below:
Forces for change
 Customers : customers of the company are in the favor of change they are always ready
to for the changes as they are looking forward to the new products and services with the
updated features. In case of M&S this is the most powerful force as now they have to
make changes according to the requirements of the customers. In this company has to
take the decision in the favour to adopt the change.
 Technology : if the change in technology is occur then M&S is also need to adopt this
change in order to increase the production and quality of the operation so that gaols can
be achieved effectively and it essential for the managers to take strategy decision after the
proper analysis of the environment (Neumann, James and Vince, 2019).
Force against change
 Employees : employees or workers of the M&S company are resist to change as they are
more comfortable with the old methods and techniques. And also have fear of loosing
their jobs as change develops new policy and strategies for new and skilled employees.
This influence the decision making of the managers in the organisation.
 Cost involves : change in the organisation is quite expensive. Improving technology
involves high cost that effects the decision making of the M&S company.
M3) Use force field analysis to analyse both driving and resisting forces to show how they
influence decision making in a given organisational context
From the above analysis it has been evaluated that it is very useful to focus on the force field
analysis helps in to recognise the factors that are favour to change or resist to change. Here
customers and technology are two factors that influenced the organisation to change and
employees and cost involves are the factors that resist to change and this will help the leader to
take the decision for the change that support the higher profitability and productivity.

D2) Decision and outcomes based on the force field analysis in the context of meeting
organisational objectives
As per consideration of above examination it has concluded that force field analysis helps
managers to take decision related to the future changes in the organisation. This model assist in
to fulfilling the task in effective manner and efficient manner and helps to increase the
productivity and smooth running of the operations (Scott, 2018). With the support of this
organisation is able to gain the opportunities and growth in the market place.
TASK 4
P5. Analyse distinct approaches of leadership to deal with change in change of suitable
organisation.
Leadership is defined as practical skill which is in individual, group or company to
influence, lead or guide teams, individuals or whole organisation. Each enterprise has distinct
requirement of leaders having various qualities which ensures success. In context of Marks &
Spencer there are various leadership approaches are used by managers and entrepreneurs.
1. Autocratic Leadership Style: It is a approach in which boss have all controls over
decisions at work place. Staff of organisation have not asked for input they are
only expected to follow orders and decisions which are made by their superiors.
By this style company have advantage as time saving process in making decision.
In addition there is also drawback of this style as staff member feels that they are
not valued personally so by this it leads reduction in motivation in team members.
2. Democratic Leadership Style: It can be defined as approach in which there is
choice of leader for involvement of team members in process of decision making.
In this style, all decisions are made by leaders but they are implement when all
team members provide input to them. Benefit of adopting this style is staff
members feel motivated as they participate in decision making and their values
are matter in organisation (Uhlig, 2019). In addition there is also some
disadvantages as this style is time consuming and also having poor choice in
decision making as not always all employees having well experience.
3. Laissez Faire Leadership Style: This approach is consider as free leadership
style. In this there all team members may be leader as there is dynamic
environment. Everybody in this approach have equal decision maker and every

single input by team is considered equally. So by this it leads to confusion and
conflicts between team members.
4. Transactional Leadership Style: In this approach it involves employees who are
self motivated because leader of company has generate a structured, inflexible
environment in which they have to use clear punishments and rewards for driving
performance of employees. Benefits of this approach is there is clearly defined
goals, rewards and consequences are defined to employees. In addition,
drawbacks of this approach as there is little room for adaptability or flexibility
and employees feel like followers rather than leaders or innovators.
5. Transformational Leadership Style: With this type of approach, employees of
organisation are clearly guided by defined vision & mission for success. This
creates positive culture among workplace (Vieira and et. al., 2018). Benefits of
this approach is leaders have responsibility to inspire their team members to try
their best to create mutual respect in themselves. In addition there is also
drawback as there is diversification of focus of employees for performing their
job well or support each other.
I
M4) Evaluate that which leadership approaches can deliver organisational change effectively
applying appropriate models and frameworks
In terms of Marks & Spencer, it uses Transactional Leadership Style to achieve goal of company
by ensuring huge performance which is maintain regularly by their team members at each level
of hierarchy system. In this employees are dedicated by having definite tasks and their reward
factor which motivate them. Company also covers experienced people which leads to increase in
productivity and profitability for it (Wolberger and Goldman Schuyler, 2018). Other leadership
also influenced changes it defines the way that how changes going to be implement in the
organisation in a effective manner.
D3) Critically evaluate the effectiveness of leadership approaches and models of the change
management
From the above examine it has been critically evaluate that leadership approaches and models of
the influenced the change in both positive and negative. Its helps in identifying the need of the
changes and area where change has to implemented for the better performance. And also some of

the rigid leadership does not support the successful implementation of the change. So adequate
leadership has to be adopted in order to attain the longer sustainability and for the growth of the
organisation.
CONCLUSION
From the above analysis it has be evaluated that the change management is the essentials part of
the organisation as it associated with the changes and process. In this organisation highly focuses
on the future changes and implementation within the organisation in order to attain the objectives
and goals in effective and efficient manner. This also includes changes in the strategies,
processes , technology and cultures in the business for fulfilling the task and goals in a
appropriate manner. For the change new and creative are required in order to satisfying the
demand of the customers. There are many factors that influenced change and models to
understand about the favour and resist to change. And also several leadership styles that helps in
adopting the change in a adequate manner
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