Unit 20 Unit: 20 Care Planning Processes in Healthcare Practice

Care Planning Processes in
Healthcare Practice

INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Compare the different models of assessment and their implementation in healthcare..................3
P2 Discuss the application of theoretical perspectives to the care planning process in a healthcare
setting................................................................................................................................................5
M1 Review how the legislative and regulatory framework that support equality and diversity is
reflected in the assessment and care planning process.......................................................................6
D1 1 Evaluate the influence of different theoretical perspectives on models of planning and
assessment used in the workplace......................................................................................................6
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................7
P3 Discuss responsibilities and duties of own role in promoting person-centred care planning........7
P4 Demonstrate own contribution to the care planning process and use of care plans in the setting. 7
M2 Demonstrate the promotion of an individual’s holistic wellbeing through effective
communication when implementing a plan of care in own workplace..............................................8
M3 Review the application of risk assessment process in promoting person-centred planning in
own workplace..................................................................................................................................8
D2 Critically review the challenges of developing care plans that meet the needs of the individual
and their required outcomes...............................................................................................................8
TASK 3.................................................................................................................................................9
P5 Discuss the barriers to implementing care planning in the setting................................................9
P6 Review the benefits of the use of care plans in ensuring the needs of the individual are
prioritized..........................................................................................................................................9
M4 Critically discuss the use of strategies developed to overcome any barriers to implementing
care plans.........................................................................................................................................10
D3 Critically review the challenges of developing care plans that meet the needs of the individual
and their required outcomes.............................................................................................................10
TASK 4...............................................................................................................................................11
P7 Discuss the ways in which the individual and family contributes to evaluation of the care
process.............................................................................................................................................11
P8 Review aspects of the care planning process and their impact upon the individual, family and
carers...............................................................................................................................................11
M5 Critically discuss the importance of team work and leadership in developing supportive
approaches for the individual and family in the planning of care....................................................12
D4 Critically reflect upon the planning process in relation to own practice in the healthcare setting
.........................................................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
The procedure in which professionals of healthcare and patients agree, discuss and
review action plan in order to attain and achieve behaviour or goal change of all patients
(Batalden and et. al., 2016) (Bernacki and Block, 2014). This written document is called care
planning process. It is very important that to provide full care to the patients who are
suffering from various diseases. These are called healthcare practices which are followed by
all heath and care service units. The organisation chosen for report is BMI Healthcare which
was founded in 1970 at London, United Kingdom. It is private independent healthcare which
provide treatment to medically and NHS patients. It is operating 59 hospitals in UK and
serving worldwide in effective manner. The report covers various methods of assessment
along with implementation and application of theoretical perspectives to care planning
process. There are some responsibilities and duties for promoting person centred care
planning along with their barriers. The care planning process has benefits as well as impact
on individual and family.
TASK 1
P1 Compare the different models of assessment and their implementation in healthcare
Healthcare is very important for human being to live happy and prosperous life. It is
the responsibility of healthcare agency to provide services in an effective and efficient
manner so that people live healthy and freely. The different models of assessment and their
implementation in healthcare are described below:
Assessment- This is called first step that involves data collection and thinking skills.
Here, subjective and objective are used where subjective means verbal statements from
caregiver or patient and objectives are measured in terms of tangible and measurable data in
terms of intake, output, weight, height and vital signs. Apart from this, data can be collected
from primary caregivers or patient directly or family and friends. There are electronic
methods from where data can be collected in effective and efficient manner.
Systematic Nursing Diagnosis- This is called second stage of health care model
which means formulation of nursing diagnosis through employing clinical judgement that
helps in planning and implementation of patient care (Chan, Webster and Bowers, 2016).
North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) assist in providing nurses with up
to date list about diagnoses of nursing. Here, nursing diagnosis is defined as clinical

judgement of responses about actual or potential health problems of family, patient and
community. It is based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs which assist in planning and
prioritize about patient centred outcomes. They are described below:
 Basic Physiological Needs- This includes nutrition, airway, elimination, circulation,
breathing, sleep, exercise and other.
 Safety and Security- It includes injury prevention, fostering climate of safety and
trust, patient education.
 Love and Belonging- This includes foster supportive relationship, methods for
avoiding social isolation, communication, listening techniques and others.
 Self–Esteem- This means to acceptance in community, personal achievement,
accepting physical appearance and body habits.
 Self-Actualisation- This means spiritual growth, reaching maximum potential and
empowering environment and so on.
Planning- It means formulation of outcomes and goals which impact patient based on
EDP guidelines. The goals of patient and their attainment assist in positive results. Goals are
set on basis of nursing care plans. These care plans aid in providing direction for personalised
care tailored for needs of individuals. The plan helps in enhancement of documentation,
communication, reimbursement and continuity across healthcare continuum. Therefore goals
should be made on SMART so that better outcome is achieved.
Implementation- It is defined as stage that includes actual way of carrying nursing
interventions mentioned in plan of care (Coulter and et. al., 2015). This requires interventions
of nursing like cardiac oxygen or monitor, medication administration, indirect or direct care,
EDP standards, standard treatment protocols.
Recheck and Evaluation- This is called last stage of nursing process which is
positive patient outcome. There is requirement of reassessment which depends on overall
condition of patient. The care plan is adapted on data provided on basis of new assessment.
Therefore, with these above models of assessment and implementation in healthcare
helps in achievement of better goal and objectives in an effective and efficient manner.

P2 Discuss the application of theoretical perspectives to the care planning process in a
healthcare setting
It is very important to care plan process in healthcare setting in effective and efficient
manner so that goal and objectives can be achieved. There are various application of
theoretical perspective to the care planning process in a healthcare setting. They are described
below:
Social Care Theory- It is defined as that theory in which people dedicate their life in
helping others in practical way. This is also called as helping people help themselves in order
to change behaviour of both individuals and communities. Here, direct social services assist
in addressing individual problems in order to enhance capacity for meeting social obligations.
The social development work mainly focus on correcting long term problems in
communities. This provide care to the society people to make them happy and live joyful life.
Therefore, in case of care planning process in healthcare setting such theory is required.
Behavioural Theory- It is called an approach which focuses on psychology that has
emerged in 20th century as a reaction to psychoanalytic theory of time (Glasgow and et. al.,
2012). This theory has difficulty in making predictions that uses rigorous experimental
methods. It is the belief, thoughts and internal physiological events which are learned from
environment. This is applied in treatment of mental problems which is called behaviour
modification. With the learning there is change in behaviour of individual which is
experience and accomplished through operant and classical conditioning. Behaviourism is
expanded in advances in cognitive theories. When there is disagreement in cognitive and
behaviourism schools of psychological thought then there is cognitive behavioural therapy
which is used in different mental disorders like addiction and phobias. This theory is mainly
used in order to treat autism children to change their normalise autistic behaviours.
Psychodynamic Approaches- This is informed through ego psychology and focuses
on how inner energies of human being interact with external forces for impacting emotional
development (Grol and et. al., 2013). Emotions play an effective role in human behaviour and
concerned with internal drivers, needs, emotions which motivates human behaviour. This
theory assumes that unconscious and conscious mental activity helps in motivating human
behaviour which internalised experiences like shaping personality development and
functioning. The experiences and emotions leads to problems of living individual life. This

theory helps individual to get various experiences from environment and live happy life
without any obstacles.
Therefore, these are the three main applications of theoretical perspectives to the care
planning process in healthcare setting.
M1 Review how the legislative and regulatory framework that support equality and diversity
is reflected in the assessment and care planning process
The different legislative and regulatory framework that support equality and diversity
is reflected in assessment and care planning process are:
Care Needs Assessment- In this framework, what types of care and need is identified
in effective and efficient manner (Heyland and et. al., 2013). Here, all the patients should be
treated equality without doing any discrimination in appropriate manner. There are various
care required in different field which should be identified in proper manner.
Outcome Based Assessment- When care is given then outcome is achieved which
can be positive and negative. It is important to use such framework in order to support
equality and diversity in proper manner. If treatment is provided in good way then outcome is
positive and if not provided in proper way then it is called negative way.
Risk Assessment- There are various types of risk which can come across while
providing treatment to patients so it is important to analyse and meditate those in proper
manner for better outcomes. This framework helps in supporting diversity and equality for
care planning process.
Face to face Assessment- In this framework, treatment is provided by asking patient
face to face so that they can know about their disease and get effective outcomes. It helps in
supporting equality and diversity for care planning process.
D1 1 Evaluate the influence of different theoretical perspectives on models of planning and
assessment used in the workplace
There are various theoretical perspectives on models of planning and assessment used
in workplace which helps in achievement of goal and objectives. This includes social care,
behavioural and psychodynamics approaches, care act and care support planning and so on
that provides guideline and help individual to avail good health in effectual manner. These

theoretical perspectives has used in planning model to make better plan in appropriate
manner so that final outcome can be achieved.
TASK 2
P3 Discuss responsibilities and duties of own role in promoting person-centred care planning
Person centred care planning is defined when patients actively participate in own
medical treatments in relation with health professionals (Kongstvedt, 2013). The
responsibilities and duties of my role in promoting person-centred care planning are:
Provide Appropriate Care- As per the disease care should be provided to the
patients in an effective and efficient manner. It is self responsibility where care is taken by
ownself for arise diseases in proper manner. With this they can take care of themselves and
get well very easily and effectively.
Safeguarding and Protection – It is also the responsibility where individual has to
safeguard and protection oneself for better health in order to free from diseases in proper
manner.
Focus on the Individual- The individual has to focus on themselves more than others
because they are liable for their own self care and remain healthy. If they cannot keep
themselves fit and fine then there are more chances for various diseases.
Promote Independence and Empower the Individual- It is the responsibility of people
to become more independent and empower themselves for person centred care planning.
With such responsibility, they can manage themselves in effective and efficient manner.
Develop Clear Assessment Methods- There are various methods of assessment so
person centred care planning has to develop appropriate methods and used in proper manner
for better outcomes.
P4 Demonstrate own contribution to the care planning process and use of care plans in the
setting
The care planning process has five stages which include assessment, diagnosis,
planning, implementation and evaluation (Ocloo and Matthews, 2016). Each of these has

their own contribution which helps in care service setting. The individual has to take care of
own self by carrying these processes in effective and efficient model. Here, firstly disease
should be assessed after that diagnosis should be done and planning and implementation is
required to be done. After completion of these all stages, evaluation is required to be done.
Apart from these there are various care plans which can be used by individual for keeping
their health to be fit and fine and free from diseases in effective and efficient manner.
M2 Demonstrate the promotion of an individual’s holistic wellbeing through effective
communication when implementing a plan of care in own workplace
The promotion of an individual’s holistic wellbeing through effective communication
when implementing a plan of care in own workplace (Rathert, Wyrwich and Boren, 2013).
This can be done through WHO (World Health Organisation) which mainly focus on
providing proper health and services to individuals in an effective and efficient manner so
that goal and objectives can be attained in effectual manner. The promotion helps in mental
health protection that help people to keep themselves healthy and fit in effectual manner.
M3 Review the application of risk assessment process in promoting person-centred planning
in own workplace
The application of risk assessment process in promoting person-centred planning in
own workplace are in terms of heath issues and lack of problem identification. It is not easy
to provide treatment to self as individual is not expert to take care of self and give best heath
care services. These are the risk which are associated with person centred planning in own
workplace.
D2 Critically review the challenges of developing care plans that meet the needs of the
individual and their required outcomes
According to the perspective of Reeves, 2013, the different challenges are associated
in developing care plans that meet needs of the individual and the required outcomes. The
challenges includes following:
Dealing with Conflict- While Dealing with Conflict developing care plans, there are
various conflict which can arise that creates problems in achievement of goal and objectives.
These conflicts can arise at any time and place that create problems in goal achievement.
Poor Care Practices and Unethical Approaches- In order to provide care to
individuals, it is very important to provide health and safety practices by following ethical

approaches. But it is not possible so there is a challenge in poor care practices and following
of unethical approaches that creates problems in better outcomes.
TASK 3
P5 Discuss the barriers to implementing care planning in the setting
While implementing care planning there are various barriers which are described
below:
Ineffective Staff- For care planning, there is requirement of skilled, trained and
experienced staffs so that they can provide proper treatment to patients and recover as soon as
possible. It is the major barrier which is faced by health and social care as there are lack of
skilled in care planning which leads to create problems and achievement of goal and
objectives. It can be resolved in order to improve health of patients in proper manner.
Lack of funds- For successful planning, there is requirement of funds so that each
and every activity can be carried out in effective and efficient manner. In order to make plan,
more funds are required which is the barriers or health and social care in effectual manner.
They plan maker should search for proper funding agencies which can provide funds at
nominal interest rate.
Lack of Support- The care planning does not get support from other supervisor
which creates problem in formulation and implementation of plans and policies in effective
and efficient manner (Salz and et. al., 2012). This support is the major barrier in carrying out
activities and operations related with care planning in setting.
Lack of Cooperation from other agencies- There are many other agencies which
provide care planning to health and social care. These agencies do not provide full
cooperation that leads problem in care planning for positive outcomes in effective and
efficient manner.
P6 Review the benefits of the use of care plans in ensuring the needs of the individual are
prioritized
There are various types of benefits which can be gained through care plans. The use
of care plans assist in formulation and implementation of better health. The major benefits of
use of care plans in ensuring needs of individual are prioritised are:

Continuity of Care- The care plan assist in providing benefits to long terms in
effectual manner. It is very important to provide care on continuous basis so that individual
does not have to face any problem or issues. With the providing of continuity of care leads in
making health of individual fit and fine which is required to live happy life.
Safety- The using of care planning ensures about safety of individual in appropriate
manner. It is essential to measure about safety of people in appropriate manner to priorities
individual and provide them to live happy life.
Quality Care- Care plan has benefits in terms of quality as it provides hygiene
facilities to individual in effective and efficient manner. It is very important to provide
quality care services in an effective and efficient manner so that better outcomes are
achieved.
M4 Critically discuss the use of strategies developed to overcome any barriers to
implementing care plans
As per the perspective of Schaffer, Sandau and Diedrick, 2013, there are different
types of strategies which are used in order to develop for overcoming barriers to implement
care plans. These strategies provide guideline to health and social care in effective and
efficient manner. The use of strategies includes proper implementation of plans, policies and
procedure in effective and efficient manner so that goal and objectives can be attained and
accomplished for better results. Therefore, it is very essential to use strategies in order to
overcome barriers for effective outcomes.
D3 Critically review the challenges of developing care plans that meet the needs of the
individual and their required outcomes
According to the perspective of Slade and et. al., 2014, there are various challenges
which are developed that meet needs of individual and the required outcomes. These
challenges include ineffective communication, availability of resources challenges, lack of
confidentiality data and information and so on. The respective challenges creates problems in
developing care plans which leads problems in meeting needs of individuals and required
outcomes.

TASK 4
P7 Discuss the ways in which the individual and family contributes to evaluation of the care
process
It is very important for both individual and family for contributing in care process.
The ways includes following:
Plan- In this stage, planning is required to be done in effective and efficient manner
so that better outcomes can be achieved. Each and every aspects related with care process
should be studied in proper manner so that better results are attained. Therefore, it is very
essential for family and individual to contribute in care process of health and safety measures.
Do- It is the stage in which planned things are performed in effective and efficient
manner so that better outcomes are achieved. The family and individual provide contribute
for care process that leads to positive results.
Check- In this stage, both individual and family has to contribute in care process
where they have to check performed activities and operations in proper manner (Toussaint
and Berry, 2013). The checking provides them to do improvement in effective and efficient
manner.
Action- It is the last stage where they have to take actions in effective and efficient
manner for care process by individual and family. They have to immediately take actions for
contributing in appropriate manner.
P8 Review aspects of the care planning process and their impact upon the individual, family
and carers
The care planning process carries proper sequence which has to be evaluated by both
individual and family in appropriate manner. The review of aspects done by family and
individual are as follows:
Assessment- In this step, assessment has to be done for the disease which can impact
family and individual in appropriate manner. All aspects should be assessed in proper manner
for achieving outcomes.
Diagnosis- In this step, the identified disease should be diagnosed in effective
manner. In case of lack of improper diagnosis cause and impact individual, family and carers.

Planning- It is very important to make proper plan which should not harm any patient
and their health. The planning is very essential to achieve proper outcomes. If planned things
are not made properly then it can impact individual, family and carers.
Implementation- In this stage, the implementation has to be performed for each and
every activity which are identified in every aspects. If such things are not implemented then it
can impact family, individuals and carers.
Recheck and Evaluation- This is the last stage of care planning process where
performed things are rechecked and evaluated in proper manner to achieve positive
outcomes. In lack of proper checking and evaluation can impact individual, family and carers.
M5 Critically discuss the importance of team work and leadership in developing supportive
approaches for the individual and family in the planning of care
As per view of Townsend, 2013for each and every work performance, there should be
team work and leadership so that operation and activities are carried out in effective manner.
There are importance of team work and leadership which develop support approaches for
individual and family in planning of care in terms of rules and regulations, proper authority
and so on.
D4 Critically reflect upon the planning process in relation to own practice in the healthcare
setting
The planning process is required in health and social care as it assist individual to care
out various activities and operations in appropriate manner. These process works as a
guideline to all the users of healthcare setting in effectual manner for positive outcomes.
Therefore, in my own practices, I prefer to use planning process for improving healthcare
setting so that maximum gain can be achieved.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been concluded that it is very important to use care
planning in health practices so that activities and work can be carried out in effective and
efficient manner. There is assessment model which is followed in proper sequence that
identifies disease and end with recheck. The theoretical perspectives includes social care,
behavioural and other that assist in planning process of healthcare setting. In order to promote
person centred care planning there are some responsibilities and duties which should be

followed and provide their own contribution in proper manner. While implementing care
planning in setting barriers has to be faced by users and ensures their benefits for individuals
which are based on prioritised. Individual, family and carers has to implement ways through
they can provide contribution for evaluation of care process.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Batalden, M. and et. al., 2016. Coproduction of healthcare service. BMJ Qual Saf. 25(7).
pp.509-517.
Bernacki, R. E. and Block, S. D., 2014. Communication about serious illness care goals: a
review and synthesis of best practices. JAMA internal medicine. 174(12). pp.1994-2003.
Chan, R. J., Webster, J. and Bowers, A., 2016. End‐of‐life care pathways for improving
outcomes in caring for the dying. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2).
Coulter, A. and et. al., 2015. Personalised care planning for adults with chronic or long‐term
health conditions. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3).
Glasgow, R. E. and et. al., 2012. National Institutes of Health approaches to dissemination
and implementation science: current and future directions. American journal of public health.
102(7). pp.1274-1281.
Grol, R. and et. al., 2013. Improving patient care: the implementation of change in health
care. John Wiley & Sons.
Heyland, D. K. and et. al., 2013. Failure to engage hospitalized elderly patients and their
families in advance care planning. JAMA internal medicine. 173(9). pp.778-787.
Kongstvedt, P. R., 2013. Essentials of managed health care. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Ocloo, J. and Matthews, R., 2016. From tokenism to empowerment: progressing patient and
public involvement in healthcare improvement. BMJ Qual Saf. 25(8). pp.626-632.
Rathert, C., Wyrwich, M. D. and Boren, S. A., 2013. Patient-centered care and outcomes: a
systematic review of the literature. Medical Care Research and Review. 70(4). pp.351-379.
Reeves, S. and et. al., 2013. Interprofessional education: effects on professional practice and
healthcare outcomes. Cochrane Database of systematic reviews, (3).
Salz, T. and et. al., 2012. Survivorship care plans in research and practice. CA: a cancer
journal for clinicians. 62(2). pp.101-117.
Schaffer, M. A., Sandau, K. E. and Diedrick, L., 2013. Evidence‐based practice models for
organizational change: overview and practical applications. Journal of Advanced Nursing.
69(5). pp.1197-1209.
Slade, M. and et. al., 2014. Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery‐oriented
practices in mental health systems. World Psychiatry. 13(1). pp.12-20.
Toussaint, J. S. and Berry, L. L., 2013, January. The promise of Lean in health care. In Mayo
clinic proceedings (Vol. 88, No. 1, pp. 74-82). Elsevier.
Townsend, M. C., 2013. Essentials of psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care in
evidence-based practice. FA Davis.