Psychology of Behaviour: Perspectives, Theories, and Applications in Criminal Behaviour and Public Services

This document explores the influence of psychological perspectives on behaviour, theories of criminal behaviour, and the application of trauma-informed practice in public services. It discusses the impact of psychology on criminal justice and the importance of understanding trauma in addressing criminal behaviour.

Unit 27: Psychology of
behaviour

Table of Contents
Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Investigate psychological perspectives and how they influence behaviour................................1
Investigate theories of criminal behaviour and casual factors....................................................4
Assess how psychological perspectives, such as trauma-informed practice, are applied in the
public services.............................................................................................................................6
A rational conclusion influenced by your findings ....................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Behavioural psychology is a basically a theoretical basis that suggest adequate standards
of human behaviour which is also be suitable for environment benefits. It induces higher impact
and influence towards structure that is processed within brain as from different manners. It is the
study through which balanced connection is processed in between mind and behaviour as it is
also being referred as behaviourism. The study is processed as by discovering various patterns
related to actions and behaviour as by creation of an individual habits through which living space
is created with better formation (Rassool, 2021). The report below is based on effectual
understanding about psychological approaches and applications towards criminal behaviour and
public services. In addition, it is also being relatable to project named as “Beyond youth
custody” that relate correlation in between violent crime and trauma among young people. The
report provides adequate investigation about psychological perspective, theories about criminal
behaviour, psychological perspective that is applied in public service.
MAIN BODY
Investigate psychological perspectives and how they influence behaviour
The psychological perspective defines various aspects such as` behavioural,
psychodynamic, biological, humanistic and cognitive. In this suitable applications are induced
through which effectual level of understanding is developed as with concern of human
behaviour. For this effectual utilisation of thinking, feeling and behaving is programmed under
which effective and efficient level of modification is processed as by emphasising human
behaviour with more eclectic approach (House and et. al, 2020). In this favourable succession
about thoughts that is dependent on learning about functionalism, structuralism, behaviourism,
humanism and psychoanalysis. There is different perspective that is processed for the Ministry of
Justice which is implemented by trauma-informed practices. For having an investigation various
theories of psychology could be used. There are different theories that reflect concern about
psychological perspective and it is as explained below as:
The behavioural theory at glace: It is aspects that maintain clear acknowledge and focus
about to process behavioural learning. This theory was basically used to learn about different
perspective as with this solely focus is attained that is pertains with concern of observable
behaviour instead of emphasising on internal states. It is also being get concerned to reinforced
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and learn various techniques that is required while treating and learning variety of illness. The
human behaviour is unlearned and process by reflecting major concern about observable and
measurable prospect. In this continuous level of improvement and advancement is programmed
as it is related to passive role. Behaviourism assist to process different things on the basis of
observation and learning under this unconscious prospect also get considered that is dependent
over reaction, action and behave. There is a parallel inference about brain and mind through
which primary focus is maintained as while processing investigation under which learning habits
also reflected with adequateness (Lahey, 2019).
Psychoanalytic theory: It is a theory that guides with terms of personality organisation and
a change in dynamic that is in resultant of guide such as psychoanalysis. It is also be represented
as a clinical approach and method to treat the psychopathology and it is also be undergone in
terms of refinements since working. The basic premise behind the theory that it is used to induce
inner drive, unresolved needs as from childhood as it also govern with term of development and
with unconscious motives. It also maintain sustained focus towards development of role in terms
of person unconscious and a well played childhood experience in which individual perspective
and dominance get considered in terms of clinical psychology as for suitable decade. The
dependence of key measure is comprised of psychic determinism, three internal part structures
such as superego and ego, mental energy as well as psychic conflicts.
The psychodynamic approach state adequate influence over shaping and adaption of
overall personality with this possible range of benefit is attained as per cause of immediate
actions. It also get emphasise on certain experience that collectively shapes out adult personality.
The human functioning is dependent over interactions with different people as it assists to
structure personality. The approach drive modified conflicts within that is determinism in terms
of unconscious factors that provide adequate insight about behaviour and its significance. The Id
is a primitive and instinctive component that consist of inherited such as biological, personality
present at birth, aggressive as death. In addition, ego is a mediate in between external and
unrealistic id for that decision making is a component of personality. Moreover, superego also
incorporate with value and morale of society which is learned from parents and others tool.
These theories as “The behavioural approaches at glace” and “Psychoanalytic theory” are
relevant to sustained level of understanding within social influence on behaviour as strict
behaviourist believed that more of individual process its working with relation to cognition,
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moods, emotion that is more subjective and constituted with mental state. In this potential ending
is resulted through which task performance, personality traits, regardless of genetic background
and thoughts that is limited to physical capabilities and right conditioning (Farrelly and Bhogal,
2021). The human behaviour assists to involve with thinking capabilities and social cognition is
interrelated with social activities along with clear prediction. In relation to classical conditioning
frequent change in behaviour is measured and for that suitable training is required to provide by
which people get react as per transparency. The public learning is involved with sustained
learning as with this advanced level of experience is induced with better effectiveness. In relation
to social behaviour there is a requirement to induce clear level of interaction as with this
effective and efficient level of learning is addressed under which harmonious relations are
develop with each individual.
In concern of “Beyond youth custody” the theories as cognitive and behavioural
perspective induce effectual contribution and implementation about trauma-informed approach.
For this better treatment is processed to the individual who has suffering from traumatic
measures as with this favourable problem are addressed which is related to proactive measures.
To inform with trauma approach it is liable to address and recognise symptoms and signs that is
related to trauma of families, client, and staff and may other involved system (Templeton and
Neville, 2020). In offer better response towards integration as with support of procedure, policies
and practice that seeks to induce active participation with effectiveness. As more of the people
get exposed with trauma and it exhibit into a pronounced consequences and symptoms which
consist of mental illness, substance abuse and health related problems as well. In relation to
health services adequate preventions are implement as with this primary care is targeted through
which trauma is being experienced such as through criminal justice, physicians and team
working as well. In correlation with trauma and crimes among younger people they get
experienced it from loss and abuse. In this ministry of justice take different initiative to
implement sustained practices as within justice system.
On the other hand, in relation to cognitive approach such as behavioural theory is
incorporates with the trauma-informed approach as by realizing prevalence, affects and
involvement with program (Przepiorka and et. al., 2020). This theory supports informed care as
with this behavioural health is recognised and adequate live is served during responsive services.
In this key information is transformed that is processed with help of health practitioner as with
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this informed and improvised ending is resulted with adequateness. The behavioural approach at
a glance is process as by analysing and conceptualisation basic behaviour and attitude of an
individual that is changes as per possibility and changing requirement of marketplace (Kaufman
and et. al., 2019). There is a sustained behaviour of an individual that get changed as per
according to different factors such as attitude, behaviour, nature, corresponding values and many
other aspects as well. On the other hand, task orientation approach of individual get changes its
working efficiency and its measures as per basis of task priorities. In this possibility to make
alteration as per concern of priorities is implemented in favoured manner.
Investigate theories of criminal behaviour and casual factors
Criminal behaviour plays an essential role under which adequate response is process
during crime as it is developed by offering prevention from designing of incarceration system
along with rehabilitating criminals. In this criminologist and experts of healthcare, psychology,
healthcare has worked towards an effectual understanding of various aspect that cause criminal
behaviours. There are different theories that are implemented in order to measure and analyse the
impact of slower pace that get change public policy and its impact over behavioural prospect.
Rationale choice theory: It is a theory that is related to tough on crime and in this justice
system is influenced on balanced level through which classical criminology is processed that
usually addressed with parallel consumption (Singhal and Wiesenthal, 2020). It is such as
commit a crime which arise adequate and logical judgement in between rewards and cost. In
prospect of this theory suitable focus is maintained and emphasis towards punishment as it refers
to suitable crime commitment. To get decided about the crime is outweigh on the basis of cost
sufficiency as in between individual and reward which in turns to worth of crime. In addition, it
also seems to be reasonable and most obvious and there are many other aspects as well that
complicate the usual scenario in between human nature and crime as it is dependent on various
factors that is as briefly explained below as:
 The adolescents are having immature brains which are also be not fully comprehended
with varied consequences.
 The humans are basically get influence more as from their emotions rather than cold
logic.
 The individual who has committed different crimes often have lack of information and a
perspective that used to make a clear and effective judgement.
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Moreover, it provides clear understanding about the individual preferences, constraints and
belief that furthermore reflects actions and its attribute that might be positive or negative. It
addition, to this it is used to make clear understanding about individual and collective behaviour
that points about people, society, group as per accordance to certain choices that is reflects of
revenue and cost. Additionally, there are contemporary functions through which individual get
scared from and with this moderate level of modifications are implemented with suitable
disinclined. The individual gets “scared straight” through adequate punishments and it is a
rational behind the reduction of crime rates. The contemporary criminologists basically get
believed that there are several policies which is dependent on different rationale as with this
modest, focus and specific target is processed as on the basis of choices (Jetten, 2020). On
contrary of rationale and choice suitable level of evolvement is dependent over crafting and
dedication of different prospect as in this suitable interpretation such as three strike laws, placing
of juvenile offender within adult facilities and extreme punishment as of out “tough on crime” is
processed with adequateness.
It is expressed under a rationale of “white collar” crime under which balanced level of
investment is induced as with this predetermined and premeditated options are implemented as
per choice of benefits. In support of this theory a fair share is processed with non-supports under
which it is defined that criminal get acts and their actions is dependent on thinking of workers.
As offenders just acts and react as per offered opportunities through which predetermine intent is
acted and it affects the decision making is influence as per various consequences (Keshri and
Kaur, 2021). The criminal behaviour is a result of situational basis and contingencies which is
processed as per interest and criminology for different reasons. In this various values are
emerged with parallel analysis of situation and victimizer could be tangible and could be touched
physically as well. In concern of new criminal context individual with personal trauma and
serious mental illness has characterised with concern of different circumstances (Opp, Hartmann
and Hartmann, 2019).
In this violent and potential crimes such as assault, rape, mugging could cause that
process substantial physical and psychosocial health that is more often as in form of focus of
fear. The drug and alcohol related crimes consist of a wider range of offence as like criminal
damage, violence and driving the public order offences (Basse, Twisk and Kaye, 2020). The fear
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of a crime is related to a complex concept which is usually being more challenging in terms of
methodological and definitional issues.
Assess how psychological perspectives, such as trauma-informed practice, are applied in the
public services
The psychological perspective is related to diverse and wide reaching capability through
which different activities get performed that also get assist investigation of different cases,
advice providence in form of interrogating suspect or witness, expert witness as in court cases,
conduction of research and many other aspect as well. Psychopaths and sociopath are basic
divans within contemporary culture as it offers fascinating conditions among anti-social
behaviour. In order to assess individual psychological state as in relation to evaluation, purpose
and assessment that basically get acquire proceeding of criminal court. The trauma informed
approach is basically get respond with effectual demonstrating about societal widespread which
is also be related to mental health and its adequate related issues. In this the real world crime that
is processed within the public service is concerned and that is physical abuse.
There is a fundamental shift which is dependent on effective thinking as in this trauma
survivor and service providers basically manage mental healthcare practice with adequateness
(Passmore and Lai, 2020). There are different aspects under this mental distress over this
improvise opportunities and services get offered to traumatised individual through which
capability to reduce stress level and improvisation of respect and trust.
The mental and emotional health shorten the life expectancy and through which people get
attempt poorer attempt such as self-harming, frequent medication and adequate prescription is
induced that realm effectual existence of isolation. Individual who has experience traumatic
disorder usually get elevated with risk disorder along with association of abuse as well as
dependence which also relevance to mental health related problems (Thomas, Crosby and
Vanderhaar, 2019). For instance, anxiety symptoms, depression and other disorder is measured
that is also get impaired with social and relational areas and it is also be impaired with several
other disorder such as sleeping disorder. There is selective prevention that is targeted by an
individual as with this appropriate risk is experienced which is related to trauma which is
intervene with relation to behavioural disorder and varied conditions as well. The trauma
informed is usually identifies the several interventions which include trauma specific strategies
and its perceived treatment that is used to build resilience and aid to develop skills and safety
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through which adequate negotiations and suitable impact is processed under which sustained
recovery is disordered. In this adequate control is measured with prospect and association with
chronic health as well as behavioural health related problems. In this individual get care about to
maintain and expand ability of care as well as necessary implications is induced with
effectiveness. It is also being an integration of various psychology through which careful
consideration is addressed with effectual collaboration and fort this ability to expose trauma
insight is modified with adequateness.
The trauma informed practices within the team is somehow beyond the adult population as
with this suitable response is considered that is tailored with informed of accurate strategies
(Pillay and Barnes, 2020). It is considered with suitability to wider aspect and in this specificity
and repeated characteristic is implemented that is dependent over sexual abuse, murder or a war
related trauma. As trauma informed care it is considered to a way of providing services through
which social workers which could recognize prevalence of early adversity in lives of customers
through presenting issues as symptoms of maladaptive coping as well as understanding of how
early trauma practices shapes individual’s fundamental beliefs about world along with affects.
There is basic fundamental that is processed in concern of suitable individual families as well as
communities which is as furthermore explained briefly below as:
 The trauma turns to be more knowledgeable as well as aware which is of about concern
of higher impact and consequence of traumatic expressions.
 The evaluation and initiation of appropriate strategies which is related to screening of
trauma related aspect and it is measured as per assessment of adequate tools and
techniques (Yolles and Fink, 2021).
 It is used to reduce inadvertent traumatization which is occurred as per implementation of
standardised policies and procedure which is incorporated with individual experience and
exposure.
It offers suitable information about varied consequence, screening as well as assessment
under which effectual prevention, intervention and treatment is programmed with concern of
administrative approaches. It is an abnormal experience in which mental illness, quality of life
and psychological distress is considered as major forefront of consciousness.
For instance, the restorative informed practice provide clear evidence about the consistent
and clear expectation of behavioural prospect as for everyone and in respect of communication,
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awareness of feeling, emotion and sensitivity with others. It is also being emerged with the
isolation that induced real psychological impact for resilience of community. To guide the
trauma informed care it has direct impact over development of brain, detailed implication of
treatment, promotion of pro-social behaviour and it is also being incorporate with basic concept
behind validation, compassionate understanding, primacy of trustworthy relations and re-
building of connection with brains.
In criminal justice the past experience of with children, youth and family is apparent to
creative thinking and it has direct impact over the response towards traumatised. It is used to
address the trauma in justice system as with this develop certain awareness about own belief,
cultural identity, implicit biases with this experience as well as practice response protocol make
adequate support with development of connection with others. The victim get a chance to meet
and get communicate with offenders as it induce real impact of crime and it also empower the
voice of victim. For offender, they have experience incredible challenge as per confront of
personal impact of crime and for victims the person has harmed then and move step forward to
recover the crime rate. The restorative justice conference as in this victim meet to offender and
led to facilitate effectual preparation to assure and facilitate communication through recording,
letter, video and interview.
A rational conclusion influenced by your findings
It has been concluded from the above report that psychological behaviourism is basically a
form of behaviour that usually holds learning and understanding of human behaviour. It is
basically consisting of adequate response as with these both internal and external stimuli is
considered which also get consist of observable and introspectively activities which is
interdependent on non-consciousness processing. In addition, various theoretical prospects are
considered that is dependent on psychological perspective and approaches that has direct
influence over human behaviour. In this both behavioural and cognitive human approach is
considered that has direct influence towards suitable understanding as which is interrelated with
“Beyond youth custody” through which effectual trauma related approach are implemented.
Furthermore, the crime as like theft and burglary is usually fund with drug habit which is more
often spatial patterning which reflect and induce direct impact over quality and attribute of
physical environment. In relation to psychological theory thoughts, emotions, actions and
understanding of human relation approach along with behaviour is processed with adequateness.
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In this adequate prediction in terms of future behaviour is considered with perfection as in this
sustained applications are implemented and share in relation to behavioural, humanistic,
cognitive and psychodynamic forms. As per concern of trauma related practices perspective of
individual is getting changed and modified under which team working along with public services
get reduced criminal behaviour. Moreover, Ministry of justice implement and induce sufficient
measures that are used to address and adopt trauma informed approach with perfection.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Anggraini, R.R., and et.al, 2020. THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY TOWARDS TEENAGERS
PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR EFFECT.Abdi Laksana: Jurnal Pengabdian
Kepada Masyarakat,1(2).
Basse, M., Twisk, D. and Kaye, S.A., 2020. Pro-social behaviour in young passengers: predictive
utility of the social reaction pathway of the prototype willingness model.Transportation
research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour,74, pp.151-160.
Edgerton, E., Romice, O. and Spencer, C., 2021. Environmental psychology: Putting research
into practice. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Farrelly, D. and Bhogal, M.S., 2021. The value of pro-environmental behaviour in mate
choice. Personality and Individual Differences .179. p.110964.
Guerin, B., 2020.Turning psychology into social contextual analysis. Routledge.
House, B.R., and et.al, 2020. Universal norm psychology leads to societal diversity in prosocial
behaviour and development.Nature Human Behaviour,4(1), pp.36-44.
Jetten, J., 2020.Together apart: The psychology of COVID-19. Sage.
Kaufman, K. and et. al., 2019. Youth-serving organization safety risks and the situational
prevention approach. In Re-visioning public health approaches for protecting children
(pp. 165-180). Springer, Cham.
Keshri, R. and Kaur, H., 2021. Exploring a New Relationship between Gene Regulation and
Behaviour Psychology by Employing Acharangenetics. International Journal for
Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology .8 (1). pp.64-76.
Lahey, E., 2019. World-building as cognitive feedback loop. Experiencing Fictional Worlds.
Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp.53-74.
Opp, K.D., Hartmann, P. and Hartmann, P., 2019. The rationality of political protest: A
comparative analysis of rational choice theory. Routledge.
Passmore, J. and Lai, Y.L., 2020. Coaching psychology: Exploring definitions and research
contribution to practice.Coaching Researched: A Coaching Psychology Reader, pp.3-22.
Pillay, A.L. and Barnes, B.R., 2020. Psychology and COVID-19: impacts, themes and way
forward.South African Journal of Psychology,50(2), pp.148-153.
Przepiorka, A.M., and et.al, 2020. Psychometric properties of the Driving Behaviour Scale
(DBS) among Polish drivers.Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and
behaviour,73, pp.29-37.
Rassool, G.H., 2021.Islamic Psychology: Human Behaviour and Experience from an Islamic
Perspective. Routledge.
Singhal, D. and Wiesenthal, D., 2020. Evolutionary Psychology and Dangerous Driving
Behaviour.The Sage Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology: Applications of Evolutionary
Psychology, p.374.
Templeton, A. and Neville, F., 2020. Modeling Collective Behaviour: Insights and Applications
from Crowd Psychology. InCrowd Dynamics, Volume 2(pp. 55-81). Birkhäuser, Cham.
Thomas, M.S., Crosby, S. and Vanderhaar, J., 2019. Trauma-informed practices in schools
across two decades: An interdisciplinary review of research. Review of Research in
Education, 43(1), pp.422-452.
Trach, J. and Hymel, S., 2020. Bystanders’ affect toward bully and victim as predictors of
helping and non‐helping behaviour.Scandinavian journal of psychology,61(1), pp.30-37.
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Yolles, M. and Fink, G., 2021. A Configuration Approach to Mindset Agency Theory: A
Formative Trait Psychology with Affect, Cognition and Behaviour.
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