Health Promotion and Behavioral Change

This assignment provides a comprehensive overview of health promotion and behavioral change theories. It involves analyzing the effects of socioeconomic influences on health inequalities, as well as the role of healthcare professionals in promoting healthy lifestyles. The report also discusses the impact of unhealthy habits such as drinking and smoking on individuals and society. By examining real-world examples and case studies, this assignment aims to provide a deeper understanding of how to promote positive behavioral change and improve public health.

UNIT 29 HEALTH
PROMOTION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK -1 ..........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 The effects of socio- economic influence on health of peter and Sarah...............................1
1.2 Assessment of relevance government resources in relation to the given case study............2
1.3 The reason or barriers in accessing health care ....................................................................2
TASK -2 ..........................................................................................................................................3
2.1 The link between government strategies and models of health promotion...........................3
2.2 The role of different professional in health and social care .................................................4
2.3 The role of routines in promoting health living ...................................................................5
TASK -3...........................................................................................................................................5
3.1 The theories of health behaviour ..........................................................................................5
3.2 The possible effects of potential conflict with local industry ..............................................7
3.3 The importance of giving health related information with examples...................................7
TASK -4...........................................................................................................................................8
4.1 The health promotion campaign............................................................................................8
4.2 The health promotion strategies supported by the campaign................................................9
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Health promotion is the process by which people are enabled to control over and improve
their health. The public policy are involved in health promotion that address health
determinates(Lewis, 2015.).The health determinates like income, housing , employment and
many others. The different approaches such as biomedical model of health, social model of
health is been sued in order to promote health.
In this report the case that have been will be considered and the effects of socio-
economic influences on health of Peter and Sarah will be explained in this report. This report
will also discuss the barriers that may arise in between Peter and Sarah in accessing health
care. Further more, the roles of professional on meeting health promotion target will also be
explained in this report. The stages of change will also be used in this report. In this report a
health promotion campaign will also be planed .
TASK -1
1.1 The effects of socio- economic influence on health of peter and Sarah
As per the given case study , Peter and Sarah are both smoker and drinkers. And Sarah is
still searching for a job and due to this she is been suffering from depression. In the life of Peter
and Sarah socio- economic factors also have significant impact and they are as follows-:
Disposable Income – As per the give case study it can find out that the level of income is low so
they are not much able to spend. This will have the significant to the health of Peter and Sarah
and their 6 children .And it is also considered as one of the most effective influence of socio-
economic factors. The major health problem is also their as both Peter and Sarah are drinkers,
smokers and. The health will be affected due to shortage of disposable income .This may also
lead to serious problems of health for both of them and their children due to lack of proper diet.
Unemployment – According to give case study Sarah is still looking for the job and the family
depends on social-benefit for their income (McCreanor and Hutton, 2013). The difficulties will
increase in the family as the proper nutrition that is needed for children will not be given to them
.Du to not getting employment, depression is suffered by Sarah and for her health it is not a
good things as she has to manage and take care of other members of family.
Lifestyle – There will be also a negative impact on the health of Peter and Sarah as they both are
drinkers and smokers. And drinking and smoking both are injurious to health and can lead to
many serious disease such as cancer among people. Due to lack of education this kind of lifestyle
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is adopted by both of them and also drinking habits may be as they do not have proper source of
income .
1.2 Assessment of relevance government resources in relation to the given case study
Among different groups of population health inequalities are been defined as the
difference in the health status. The number of reasons for health inequalities are many. Due to
the racial group, geographical area , social class , gender etc the inequalities in health could be
experienced generally. The major reason for health inequality is poverty. The enhanced
knowledge about health inequalities can be gained from the various resources on health
inequalities as per the given case. The black report , the Achen report , health and lifestyle survey
etc are some government resources .The adequate information and data in context with health
inequalities is been provided by all these reports and researches .About various incidents of
health inequalities these reports recognized the facts and figures and also the enhanced
knowledge is also gained from theses reports. In the country these resources has helped to
identify the issues of health inequality(Neiger and Fagen, 2013.) .The lifestyle of people is also
analysed from these government resources and regardless of nay specific classes the health
records have been maintained. For an instance the health condition in UK have improved this
has been recognized from the black report and also that equality is not there in all social classes.
All the relevant aspects that is there in health inequalities can be found with help of
governmental resources and the required resources can be adopted in order to mitigate from
these health inequalities.
1.3 The reason or barriers in accessing health care
According to given case study both peter and Sarah are drinkers and are not bale to meet
the requirements to live a good life as they ear not having enough earning .In order to access the
health care the following are the reasons and barriers-:
Level of education – About the consequences of smoking and drinking the individual should be
give knowledge and education as it is essential. In order to access the healthcare facilities and
also to neglect the activities that will be harmful for both of them there is lack of knowledge.
Social environment – The significant contribution is there of impact of social – environment for
an individual and community. In accessing the health care services and knowledge can be
hampered as they are both are drinkers and smokers (Sharma, 2016). In accessing the health
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care services the social environment in which Peter and Sarah are living could be the major
barriers.
Lifestyle – The major reason for accessing health care can be the life style of UK. The health is
affected due to attitude of individual, belief and regular activities. The lifestyle of both peter and
Sarah is not appropriate as they are both are smokers and drinkers. They are not bale to take care
of their children properly due to which there 6 children are staying with their mum.
TASK -2
2.1 The link between government strategies and models of health promotion
The control over health and the improvement in the health can be increases by the
process of health promotion. To maintain effectiveness health promotion can be used to improve
their health and well-being. By the government and nations health care organization health
promotion is the sum of health education and health public policy that is been proposed. The
campaign has been started by the government in order to increase the awareness about the
consequences of alcohol and smoking in UK. And also the government is also organizing
campaign in order to educate people about having limited number of children in their
family .The government is organizing this campaign in order to make people aware about family
planing .For an instance in order to help people to cope up with addiction of alcohols and
smoking like peter and Sarah the strategies is been made by national institute for clinical
excellence. In order to neglect health problems this institute will promote benefits of good health
and healthy lifestyle. The health promotion models such as Beattie's is followed by government
of UK. In a wider social and cultural practices the health promotions will be embedded that is
admired by particular regions. In order to promote strategy such as campaign the current and past
activities is been analysed by the government organisation by using this models.
In a top down following re legislative actions and health persuasive techniques the health
care profession are working .By considering the given case study the use of model such as
Beattie model are effective as their objective is to secure the individual and community. The
stagy have been also proposed by the government for people like peter and Sarah. The health
care awareness will be promoted for Peter and Sarah by using model Beattie. The personal
counselling is also required for both of them who could explain the consequence of drinking and
smoking. And specially for peter who is also suffering from type 2 diabetic .In this situation
consuming alcohol it not good for health and body. For promoting health the three major system
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of beattie models is been used by government of UK. These are as follows-: Motivation , belief,
and normative for change and the health of individual will be protected. In order to gain
knowledge about health are ad neglect such things this kind of policy and strategy of government
is helpful for people such as Peter and Sarah.
2.2 The role of different professional in health and social care
The role of health professional is critical for health promotion and implementation for
strategy. In order to achieve the desired results it will gain real time feedback and reaction of
target group. By the behaviour , perception and requirements of individual the promotion of
health care is being affected. On the capability, decision-making and knowledge the
effectiveness of health professional majorly depends on. In order to promote planing and
strategy about drinking and smoking the signification contribution is there of health professions
such as nurses, public health workers, educators etc .
Drinking advisor – In the UK there have been increases in the number of drinkers .This may lead
to various health issues such as cancer and other health problems. For given case study for peter
and Sarah about a drinking habit a drinking cessation advisor would be critical in order to
promote the health and awareness about consequence of drinking. To both of them the personal
counsellor will give counselling about the harm that can be caused due to drinking and smoking.
At an early age this kind of activity will help to overcome the use of alcohol and the health
benefits will be sported from this (Goetzel and Serxner, 2014.)..
Depression advisory – As per the given case study Sarah who is bing unemployed so due to this
reason she is in depression. So, the personal counselling will be given to Sarah that will help her
to have some patience and stay positive. The various types of yoga and physical activities that
relief mind will be suggest by advisor so it will help Sarah to fight the depression and a positive
impact on her life will aloe be ether due to this. By doing yoga and staying positive the enhances
are high that she will able to overcome with depression and also she will be able to get an
employment
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2.3 The role of routines in promoting health living
On the healthy living and to cope up with the level of stress the daily activities and
routines have a significant impact .The healthy living standard are met through activities. In the
current scenario for the individual the critical role is played by routing as the standards of
healthy living and lifestyle is decreasing by the level of stress and work pressure. On the current
poor health situation of per and Sarah is there have an impact due to daily routine of both. The
depression is faced and also type 2 diabetic due to sue of alcohol and smoking The lifelong
impact will be there on the health due to routine that is followed by peter and Sarah. The
activities that are beneficial for health need to be done by the individuals .As per the healthy
routine aspects such as good habit are beneficial for health of individuals. The elements such as
waking up early. Stay positive in the behaviour , sound sleep and control over emotions that
might face health are some standards routine of healthy living.
Any specific routing is not followed by peter and Sarah .And due to this they are not able
to maintain and follow healthy living .They are both are engage in high consumption of alcohol
and are also obese (Korda and Itani, 2013). For healthy living this kind of routine is not good
and on the body of peter and Sarah this might have long termed impact. The proper sources of
income is also not there as Sarah is unemployed and they also have to take care of six
children .And the lifestyle that is followed by both is also complex. Due to lack of education this
kind of lifestyle is been adapted by them and also they are not also aware about family planing
due to which they are having so much children. On the healthy ling the direct impact is there due
to daily routines that is been followed.
TASK -3
3.1 The theories of health behaviour
On the culture and religious practices there is significance influence due to health belief
of individual. This health belief can be promoted by educators, parents, teachers ad friends. The
experience from past should also be considered as key elements in promoting health (Kilpatrick
and Venn, 2014). The following things need to be communicated to peter and Sarah as per
the health provisional theory. And they are as follows-:
Attitude – In order to engage in health promotion it defines positive and negative feeling of a
person. Towards their own health.
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Illustration 1: Change theory model
(Source:Change theory model , 2017)

Subjective norms – Through the belief of family and media conceptions the understanding about
social and economic environment is derived.
Perceived behavioural control – The significant influence on health promotions due to behaviour
of individuals such as Peter and Sarah.
The following stages for controlling and managing the behaviours need to be considered for
Peter and Sarah in this case in order to maintain health behaviour.
Pre-contemption – The enthusiasm is been lacked in peter and Sarah which is the reason for
unhealthy behaviour.
Contemplation – In this stage the change in behaviour will be made by individuals. About the
advantages and disadvantage of drinking peter and Sarah will be able to gain knowledge.
Preparation – In the immediate future the action will be taken by people. By following the
direction of counsellor this change will be brought (Goetzel and Serxner, 2014.).
Action – The health care professional perception need to be taken and by taking into
consideration the acceptable actions the health behaviour of both can be improved.
Replace – In the counselling the changes can be made if the proposed model is not working
properly.
Re- maintenance – In the lifestyle of individual the specific overt modification is made by using
this model.
3.2 The possible effects of potential conflict with local industry
There are various disputes that is been faced due to promotion of health .For an instance
under the age of 18 there have been ban on selling the alcohol. So, with the local alcohol industry
this is creating a situation of dispute(Flood and Falbe, 2015) .There have been signification
impact on health promotion activities due to change in lifestyle and behavior of people. Due to
this the worse health condition is there of people such as Peter and Sarah.
3.3 The importance of giving health related information with examples
It is very essential for the people that are living UK to have understanding about harmful
consequences of consumption of alcohol and smoking .All the significant information in order to
promote health promotional activities need to be give to peter and Sarah .This will influence the
understanding of these people. For an instance the personal counseling need to be given to both
peter and Sarah. In order to make them aware about long-term consequences of drinking and
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smoking. At an early age this kind of approach will help to overcome the use of alcohol and the
health benefits will be promoted from this (Deasy and Mcnamara, 2014).
TASK -4
4.1 The health promotion campaign
Aims and objective
The objective of this health promotion campaign is to develop a smoking and drinking cessation
among people by-:
 The children and people will make educated to not to smoke.
 The smoking ladies will rehabilitate.
Objectives
 To educate individual in London about the harmful impact of smoking and drugs
 To motivate and encourage them to adapt healthy lifestyle
Method
 By conducting workshops and seminars in office, colleges thee communicating
knowledge can be carried out.
 In the office or university an attractive poster will be made and displayed in the UK.
 There will also be launch of social media campaign .The online quiz will be included in
it.
Resources
 Health care professionals and parents
 Time and cost
 Place
Activities
 The people will be given knowledge regarding the harmful effects of drinking and
smoking .
 The health professionals will give them proper understanding about healthy lifestyle and
its advantages (Bert and Siliquini, 2014).
 The impact of living with healthy habit will be explained to the people.
Evaluation of outcome
 There have been decrease in the 20% smokers in UK due to this campaign
 The people who are consuming alcohol is also got reduced by 21%.
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4.2 The health promotion strategies supported by the campaign
The best way to deliver the message related to healthy lifestyle can be explained by
using health promotion campaign. The poster or banners can be used for health promotion
strategy whose objective is to promote national policy for development. On the health strategies
these promotions are focused. In order to expand a knowledge and understanding health
promotional and campaigns can made use of media (Bauman and Nutbeam, 2013).
The strategies will be as follows-:
 The various programs will be held in which individuals will be taught about the negative
consequences of these unhealthy habits and they will be encourages and motivate in these
program to achieve healthy lifestyle.
 The awareness about disease that is a caused by drinking and smoking will also be given
to individuals
 They will also be encourages trying new activities to replace smoking and drinking. For
an instance after having instead of smoking they can have a walk in their building or
office.
CONCLUSION
Thus summing up the above report it can be concluded that peter and saran both were
addicted to drinking and smoking which are injurious to health. The effects off socioeconomic
influences are unemployment, lifestyle and disposable income. The information about health
inequalities can be gained from the resources that is been given from UK government. Due to
geographic area ,social class these health inequalities are there. The health professionals such as
nurses can help individuals to get over this unhealthy habits. The campaign that is been made
will aware the individuals about consequence of drinking and smoking and they will be able to
adapt healthy lifestyle.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Bauman, A. and Nutbeam, D., 2013. Evaluation in a nutshell: a practical guide to the evaluation
of health promotion programs. McGraw Hill.
Bert, F. and Siliquini, R., 2014. Smartphones and health promotion: a review of the evidence.
Journal of medical systems, 38(1), p.9995.
Deasy, C. and Mcnamara, P.M., 2014. Psychological distress and lifestyle of students:
implications for health promotion. Health promotion international, 30(1), pp.77-87.
Flood, J. and Falbe, J., 2015. The collective impact model and its potential for health promotion:
overview and case study of a Healthy Retail Initiative in San Francisco. Health Education
& Behavior, 42(5), pp.654-668.
Goetzel, R.Z. and Serxner, S., 2014. Do workplace health promotion (wellness) programs work?.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(9), pp.927-934.
Kilpatrick, M. and Venn, A., 2014. Workplace health promotion: what public-sector employees
want, need, and are ready to change. Journal of occupational and environmental
medicine, 56(6), pp.645-651.
Korda, H. and Itani, Z., 2013. Harnessing social media for health promotion and behavior
change. Health promotion practice, 14(1), pp.15-23.
Lewis, S., 2015. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.
Health promotion practice, 16(4), pp.473-475.
McCreanor, T. and Hutton, F., 2013. Youth drinking cultures, social networking and alcohol
marketing: Implications for public health. Critical public health, 23(1), pp.110-120.
Neiger, B.L. and Fagen, M.C., 2013. Evaluating social media’s capacity to develop engaged
audiences in health promotion settings: use of Twitter metrics as a case study. Health
promotion practice, 14(2), pp.157-162.
Sharma, M., 2016. Theoretical foundations of health education and health promotion. Jones &
Bartlett Publishers.
Online
Change theory model . 2017. [Online] Available through:
<http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/SB/BehavioralChangeTheories/
BehavioralChangeTheories6.html>
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