Unit 4 – Management and Operations

Unit-4- Management and
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Define and compare different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager....................1
Examine how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational
contexts.......................................................................................................................................3
Apply different theories and models of approach.......................................................................5
Explain the key approaches to operations management.............................................................7
Explain the importance and value of operations management....................................................9
Assess the business environment factors that impact upon operational management and
decision-making........................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Management and operation is a working procedure that is being used by the business in
order to enhance the working performance as by introducing different techniques and strategies
in timely basis. In this the company has maintain its focus towards the effective utilisation of all
required resources so that production is processed with more perfection. The management reflect
the administration of the business that has manage and control working sufficiency so that all the
outcomes are achieved with effectiveness. In addition to this operations reflect the different
functions and task that is implemented in order to attain more sales and higher revenue (Burns,
2018). The business must have ensure that requirement and demand of customers are getting
fulfilled so that it furthermore assist to gain long term sustainability with an ease and comfort.
The following report is based on Sainsbury's that is second ample supermarket of UK and it was
established in 1869 by John James Sainsbury's. The report consist of difference between leader
and manager, role of leader as well as function of manager, appreciation of leader along with
manager in operation function with relationship in between leadership and management of
business environment.
MAIN BODY
Define and compare different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.
Leader: A leader is an individual who is determinant as compared to other team mates so
that they could attain its goals and objectives with more suitability. It is the one who command a
team and provide appropriate guidance so that working is completed not only in timely constrain
but with more accuracy as well. In context of Sainsbury's its leader has uses different styles of
leadership that is varied as per the need or demand of situation and must get ensure that
objectives is achieved with adequacy.
Manager: It is the one who administer each and every situation and make sure that always
the best is comes out from the working (Choi, 2018). In context of Sainsbury's manager played
certain responsibility and make sure that employee performed their work with flawlessness and
also offers training and development as per necessity.
Role of leaders
 Originative vision: A leader has provide and present clear vision to the employee’s so
that it is easy for them to accomplish its objectives in particular period of instance. In
1

relation to Sainsbury's leader provide transparent vision and then also provide certain
pathway so as to attain more success in sustained manner.
 Trainer potential: A leader has a lot of information and knowledge about specified topic
thus they could easily assist other to accomplish standardised changes in moderate
manner. In addition leader of Sainsbury's has higher working potential thus they could
influence and motivate other to persuade its working with accurateness.
Characteristics of Leader: -
1. Charismatic: It is a quality of a leader through which they could formerly attract all the
individual and get followed as well (de Sousa Jabbour, 2019). In this leader offer clear
path to all the team members by which suitable output is achieved.
2. Efficacious Communicator: It is a feature of leader that reflect that they have effective
and efficient skills of communication. In this they have easily transferred the clear
information to others so that level of complexities and redundancy is reduces and level of
connectedness in between team member is increases.
Roles of Manager:
1. Develop Policies: It is a role of manager as in this they have developed different policies
that could be followed by all the individual those are working within the business. It is
used to provide equality and transparency within the working place along with this assist
to make effective implementation of action for the success of business.
2. Authorization Duty: In this manager of Sainsbury's has divided all the task into different
slots or segments so as to enhance working capabilities and abilities of all the individual
(Erjavec, 2020). It aid to complete the working within assigned period of time by which
productive outcome is conceived.
Characteristics of Manager: -
1. Time Management Skill: In this manager make sure that all the actions and task is
completed within timely basis by which favourable ending is resulted with effectiveness.
2. Effective Interpersonal Skills: It is a skills that is used while making suitable interaction
with the other member as while transferring certain information so that balanced level of
condition is attained with better suitability.
2

Differentiation between Leader and Manager: -
Basis Leader Manager
Role Leader play essential role in company
as they provide guidance and
pathway to others so that probability
to attain success become easy. They
have transfer clear vision and mission
by which productive ending is
resulted (Gunasekaran, 2018).
Manager has control the administer
and ensure that each and every
individual conduct its performance in
better way.
Character
istics
Leader has suitable interactive skills
and having a charisma so that others
would influence with easiness.
Manager has strong communication
and time management skills by which
keep an eye on each task and ensure
productive ending is achieved.
Theories Leader follows certain theories as like
contingency, system, autocratic etc.
Manager follows behavioural,
bureaucratic and many others theory
as well.
Examine how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational
contexts.
There are different conditions that has been faces by the business as while operating its
business function and operations in effective manner. The leader and manager has worked to
resolve different consequences so that favourable outcome is generated in effective manner. In
context of different situations leader as well as manager has implement different working by
which better competitive advantage is considered in efficient mode (Holweg, 2018). The leader
has perform certain role and manager perform some functions that is as explained below as:
Situation 1: Situation management
In this situation different redundancy and complex situations are managed and controlled
so that favoured and appropriate outcome is developed in constrained mode. These crisis has
been developed as per the threat that is generated from stakeholders and it has direct impact over
the reduction of profit and sales. In context of Sainsbury's its leader perform various role that is
described below as:
Role of leader
3

 Leader had uses the leadership styles and implies different changes as per the suitability
of condition in adequate mode.
 A leader also maintain record of all the transactions and ongoing of business and then
present that in front of media so that balanced level of faith is developed in marker.
 Leader make effective decision-making so that productive accountability is addressed and
in addition the capability of problem solving is also enhances (Melnyk, 2018).
Functions of manager
 The manager has collect all the relevant information that helps to make effective
understanding about all the activities so that moderate scheduling and planning is
implemented. In addition designed accurate plans that is followed by others so that easy
cope-up from complex situation is processed.
 There are different roles and responsibilities that is played by manager and in this they
have manage complex situation with better suitability. In this manager implement
efficient level of communication skills through which transparent ideas and thoughts are
transferred to all team members. In this clear vision and objective is addressed so that rate
of profit generation is increases.
 The manager has analyse the current situation and then implies different changes
accordingly. In this they could worked over to motivate all the individual as by providing
training and development by which work is completed with perfection (Mišić, 2020).
Situation 2: A new product launch
In this situation business has performed a lot of functions as like developing different
policies and strategies through market attractiveness is achieved in sustained manner. In context
to Sainsbury's a leader and manager must have utilises its skills and abilities by which its
performance is enhances and it is as illustrate further as:
Role of leader
 Leader plays vital role in this as they have analyse complete situation and develop report
of it that circulated in marketplace. In order to accomplish clear ending it is required that
adequate vision is persuade so that market accessibility is managed in precisely.
4

 Leader of Sainsbury's ensure that all the delegate authority has take participate in both pre
and post launching. In this list of spokesperson increases by which more values is
addressed with properness (Reid, 2019).
 The effectual decision-making is implemented so that more profit is attained along with
this adequate amount is induced in the investment by which probable output is achieved.
Function of manager
 Manager perform essential function as they have ensure that packaging of product along
with its delivery to the customer is performed with perfection. In addition also make sure
that profit margin is managed so that more sales and larger market share is attained.
 Sainsbury's manager make recruitment in which they maintain focus to collect skilled and
talented workforce. In this the working potential and capability is increases in
satisfactorily mode.
 They could also worked on to motivate the worker and for that provide appraisal and
other benefits so that they get retain for longer period of time.
Apply different theories and models of approach.
The business performance is varied as per the different situations and it is manage as well
as control with the effectual support of leadership and management (Russell, 2019). There are
different theories that is applied by the leaders of Sainsbury's and it is as explained below as:
Situational leadership: It is a style of leadership that is based on the different situations
so that productive outcome is generated over repetitive basis. In this leader has influences others
so that work is processed with more competence. A leader of Sainsbury's used to resolve
different complex situations as by providing appropriate solution. It helps to Sainsbury's to
develop certain discipline under which leader and manager make effective usage of its team
members so that suitable development is measured as by resolving different consequences. It
assist to determine the situation is balanced format so that sufficient understanding is addressed
as while removing various complex situations in adequate mode. Sainsbury's and its management
make effectual evaluation of skills so that desirable outcome is achieved on timely basis.
5

According to the leadership of Blamchard and Hersey there is different approaches that is define
below as:
Telling: Leader take decisions and convey that strategy to others so that task is achieved
successfully.
Selling: In this leader present its ideas in front of all the team members as in order to
make supportive completion of task.
Delegating: In this leader tries to enhance the participatory of team as by making
effective planing and scheduling of actions (Saucedo-Martínez, 2018).
Participating: A leader uses this so as to motivate and influence the working criteria of
others.
Systems leadership: In this the leader must have incorporate the skills and abilities that
actually works as a catalyst by which working performance is increases in sustained way. Leader
also takes advices and ideas of other team members as in this better relation and effective values
are transmitted. Sainsbury's and its management has looking forward to make suitable usage of
various set of skills and knowledge by which working abilities and capabilities is getting
advanced with balanced continuity. It is a theory or approach that is induced as a catalyst in
which combine and collective outcome is generated on repetitive basis. It helps Sainsbury's to
get over all the difficult situations with the support of efficient solution.
Fiedler’s Contingency model: In this style of leadership leaders work on to emphasis
the productiveness of various situations and it is dependent on relationship between employee’s,
power of leader and working structure. Leader has understand overall situation and then apply
suitable strategy so that efficient gaining is resulted in. Sainsbury's management make wider
usage of this theory and in this they worked on to create and develop certain planning through
which accountability and wider accessibility is achieved with constant format. It is more
supportive as in this Sainsbury's is able to reduce uncertainty as from working by which
capability to learn is increases on continuous basis.
6

Strength and weakness of various leadership theories
Leadershi
p style
Strengths Weakness
Situational
leadership
 The working employee’s felt
more relaxed so that
redundancy is removed in
easiest manner.
 Sainsbury's get clear direction
by which work is processed
with effectiveness (Slack,
2018).
 It is only used to manage short
term goals and doesn't implies
to gain long term objectives.
 It isn't possible to collect all
the relative information thus
decision-making is affected.
Systems
leadership
 In this each individual's
performance is increases with
better sufficiency.
 In this different alternative is
generated that make working
more easy.
 It is time consuming prospect
as analysis of every situation
is required.
 Each and every task in
interlinked with each other by
which rate of conflict creation
is increases.
Explain the key approaches to operations management
There is various situations which is arises from operations management as it have both
favoured and altered impact over the working possibility of business. Sainsbury's leader and
manager uses different approach as in order to manage and control the working and it is as
illustrate below as:
7

Six sigma: It is a discipline through which business has worked over to reduces different
defects that is developed as from manufacturing to production processing. The Sainsbury's has
analysed various opportunities along with settlement of holes so that adequate outcome is
developed (Vibhor, 2019). In this leader make sure that work is processed with timely basis and
along with this also ensure that each and every individual plays its responsibility in systematic
format. On other hand manager is the one who has ensure that adequate result is achieved as per
the efficient usage of equipments and machinery. In this the quality working is promoted so that
more of the customers are getting satisfied. It is also known as DMAIC process that is explained
below as:
D-Analysis of goals and objectives
M-Measurement of various factors
A- Analysis of collective information
I- Improvement in working abilities
C- Control on working
Lean principle: It enable the business to manage different working operations along with
the reduction of waste production. It is also be used by Sainsbury's as in order to decreases the
production cost by which profit margin is increases. In this leader must provide couching to an
individual so that appropriate decision-making is achieved as by maintaining long term
sustainability. On the other hand manager make sure to develop optimised range of services by
which working is processed as while making adequate routing.
8

Total quality management: It is a system that is used by Sainsbury's as in order to
manage each and every staff by which high working standard is maintained. It is used to ensure
that offered products and services of Sainsbury's must be more consistent and for this quality
planning, control, improvement and assurance is achieved (Wei, 2018). It is not only based on to
develop quality of product but also to get achieve it in timely basis. A leader set different
working standards so that flourished outcome is conceived with perfection. On the other hand
manager provide appropriate communication and working structure and also ensure that
sustained protocol is managed in effective manner.
A leader and manager has performed different roles so that effective working is promoted
and it is as define below as:
Provide direction: In context to Sainsbury's leader provide direction to other employee’s
so that they could easily perform its working with better accessibility. Manager perform different
responsibility and divided overall task into different framework by which efficiency is developed
in the processing.
Bring excellence initiative: In relation to Sainsbury's leader tries to enhance quality
working by which potential and quality both get advanced. In addition manager assist to achieve
long term sustainability so that more profit is attained from competitive marketplace.
Explain the importance and value of operations management.
Operation management is an administered process through which business has worked to
create and develop more efficiency within the working. Sainsbury's has manage wider portfolio
within which it is required that they must maintain clear focus towards the better
accomplishment of goals and objectives. In addition it is also essential that profitable changes is
implemented by which accuracy within working is attained (Alves, 2015). The process of
operation management has different importance that is as described below as:
 Planning: It is an initial stage in which manager develop adequate planning so that better
alternation is selected as in order to produce quality products and services. In context to
Sainsbury's they have uses moderate strategy by which it is easy to achieve standardised
objectives in timely constraint. In this leader of Sainsbury's make effective planning by
which successful implementation of goals and objectives is addressed in systematic
mode.
9

 Organising: It is a stage in which all the working conditions and its action is organised
so that advanced level of implication is induced on repetitive basis. It is also being used
to make appropriate control on processing so that productive ending is conceived. It helps
a leader to achieve sustained objectives as while making successful interpretation of
different aspects. In this organised changes is attained so that better interpretation is
processed that assist to gain both short and long terms goals and objectives.
 Directing: In this leader and manager provides clear direction to its subordinates and
workers by which rate of favourable outcome is increases. It is a process through which
Sainsbury's leader and manager ensure that target is achieved with better suitability.
 Controlling: In this different working situation is controlled by which adequate
interpretation is processed successfully. In context to Sainsbury's manager and leader
control every situation by which productive output is generated. Sainsbury's achieve its
objectives as while making sufficient control on productivity and in addition also worked
on to make sure that manufacturing is being processed with perfection and higher
suitability.
Sainsbury's uses total quality management and in this ensure that waste production is
controlled and effective utilisation of resources is processed (Easter, 2019). In this superior
satisfaction towards customer is increases by which long term profit is competitive marketplace
is accomplished. Sainsbury's works on to increases the market share with 25% and for this
implies better set of strategies and policies so that larger sustainability is earned.
Operational management is much important for the growth and success of business as in
this basic planning, controlling, supervision, production and manufacturing abilities is getting
enhances by which adequate services is offered on repetitive basis. It also assist Sainsbury's as in
form of effective management and control within different working services and by which goods
and services is controlled and managed.
Operation management is a special department of Sainsbury's that aid to make continuous
success and development so that ability of business to attain its objectives become easier and it is
as explained below as:
Cost minimization: It is a process in which Sainsbury's has worked on to reduce costing
as while managing the wastage composition. Sainsbury's offer diverse range of product and
services to its customers and to get retain its customer for longer time period it is required that
10

quality management is addressed. In this long term profit is attained as while enhancing business
performance and productivity.
Enhance performance: The operation management is a procedure through which certain
level of enhancement over business performance is induced. In this Sainsbury's has worked on to
develop positive working surround under which culture of working is increases and repetitive
success is achieved as while managing various other functions in appropriate mode.
Time management: Sainsbury's must have worked on to make positive change within the
quality services and for this balanced level of success and growth is addressed. In this effective
and sustained growth is addressed so that all the working operation is completed over the
assigned time period.
In relation to Sainsbury's there is balanced level of importance that is induced within
business as per the support of operation management and it is as explained below as:
Control and Distribution Method: Sainsbury's operate its business in support of diverse
range of products and services so that quality enhancement is achieved. In this customers is
always get prioritised by the business so that modernised value is transmitted as while
maintaining constant changes. In this products is supplied as by maintaining and controlling
various requirement of customers so that long term sustainability is maintained with easiness.
Transmutation of raw material into processed goods: Sainsbury's always worked for to
satisfy its customers and for this they have purchase the raw material of better quality by which
cost sufficiency is increases. In this total quality management is achieved as by making
continuous monitoring and analysing of various situations by which transformation of goods at
initial to final stage is developed.
Assess the business environment factors that impact upon operational management and decision-
making.
The decision-making procedure within Sainsbury's is being used by manager and leader
as in order to organise the working performance and it is as define below as:
CSR: The corporate social responsibility is a procedure that is followed by the business
as in order to improve market attractiveness and to get work for the advancement of business
environment. In context of Sainsbury's its manager and leader manages the working prospect by
working on different practices. It is actually being used to manage brand image so that maximum
11

values is transmitted in the marketplace (Ichinose, 2018). The company takes certain precautions
as by which wastage is being managed and reduces as well so that prominent alteration is
addressed. In addition Sainsbury's also uses optimised path for making delivery of products and
services to customers. It also effects decision-making of Sainsbury's as by attaining adequate
success so that redundancy is getting removed and working potential is being increases with
continuity. It has strong impact on Sainsbury's operations as in this unexpected outcomes is
managed and along with this buying capacity of buyer is getting influences. Sainsbury's worked
on to emphasis working potential under which operational loss is measured as it has direct
impact over business performance and productivity. In this capabilities of business to retain its
potential worker is increases along with this job satisfaction is enhance over continuous basis.
Sainsbury's provide priority to CSR activities and in this they have develop various
responsibilities so that market effectiveness is enhanced with balanced mode.
Ethics: It reflects the business proposition through which its working procedure and
effectiveness is analysed. In this priority is provided to the stakeholder and customers so that
much benefits are attained in timely basis. It is also being uses to reduces the loopholes that is
developed from the working inefficiency. In context to Sainsbury's they have provide equal
opportunities to all the individual those are working in the business by which balanced situation
is developed constantly.
Sustainability: It is an ability of the business through which they have considerate
different aspect in ordinate mode. It is being used to enlarge durability of working in which both
innovation and creativity is induced with perfection. The manager and leader of Sainsbury's takes
effective decision-making by which market share of business is increases. It is used to added up
more values within the working standards so that more of the customers from the competitive
marketplace is attracted. It helps to gain more profit within the stipulated period of instance
along with this sustained balanced condition is attained that make favourable output for the
growth of business.
12

CONCLUSION
It has been summarised from the above report that management and operation defines the
basic prospect under which business has tries to implement positive changes so that profitable
outcome is developed. In this both leader and manager plays vital role as they have manages the
success and development so that sustained lead is attained in effective mode. In addition both
leader and manages uses different theories and approaches such as TQM, JIT manufacturing, six
sigma etc. by which suitable modification is induced.
13

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
14