Management and Operations: Roles, Functions, and Theories

This document provides an overview of the roles and functions of managers and leaders in organizations, with a focus on the case study of Marks and Spencer. It discusses the definition and characteristics of leaders and managers, and explores different leadership theories and management functions. It also examines the application of these theories and models in different situations, such as stable situations, conflict situations, and fast-changing situations. The document highlights the impact of organizational situations on management functions and discusses the adoption of theories and models for effective management and operations.

Management and
Operations
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Contents
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.......................................................................................................................................................3
P1............................................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2.......................................................................................................................................................7
P2............................................................................................................................................................7
P3............................................................................................................................................................9
TASK 3.....................................................................................................................................................11
P4..........................................................................................................................................................11
P5..........................................................................................................................................................14
TASK 4.....................................................................................................................................................17
P6..........................................................................................................................................................17
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................19
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INTRODUCTION
At all company this is important to conduct proper management as well as operations
because through that they can attain their predetermined goal in proper manner. Management is
determined as the technique which is implemented by an organization director and leader in
order to conduct each as well as every operation in properly and in allotted time (Benjaafar and
Hu, 2020). In addition to this, operations refer to the tasks which are conducted by a company for
attaining their predetermined objective. It is responsibilities of company manager as well as
leader to conduct effective operations as well as management as this will help employees in
performing their duties properly which lead to achievement of desire goal.
Association chose for separate report that is Marks and Spencer which is notable British
worldwide retail organization established by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in 1884. Its
administrative center is situated at London, United Kingdom and they are settled its business at
the overall areas. The principle point of leading this report is to comprehend about the viability
of the board and tasks of Marks and Spencer and for that few themes are thought of. That will
include difference between role of leader and function of manager, it will also define role of
leader and function of manager in different situation as well as it will also include different
leadership theories. Moreover report will also include appreciation of role leader and manager
plays at the different operations as well as it will also demonstrate about relationship among the
leadership and management in respect of contemporary business environment.
TASK 1
P1
Definition of leader
Leader is considered as an individual who mainly hold a superior position at the company
and they are able to exercise strong stage of controlling on other staffs as well as these people
has strong influencing power (Bogaert and et. al., 2020). Through the influence of these people
other get ready to conduct their work in effective manner so that their company can attain their
targeted goal successfully.
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Role of leader
 The job of supervisor is to create positive and compelling condition at the work
environment on the grounds that through it representatives feel inspired and perform best
for accomplishing want objective just as targets.
 At an organization leader also design as well as develop creative, innovative and effective
strategies which help them in encouraging employees for achieving desire goal
successfully.
Characteristics of leader
 Main characteristics of leader are that they are honest, self confident, self motivated and
so on which encourage and attract employees (Cachon, Girotra and Netessine, 2020).
 Leader is profoundly self roused which move other to perform adequately at the working
environment with the goal that they can achieve their longing objective just as target
effectively.
Definition of manager
Manager of a company is determined as a person who is mainly responsible for several
activities or task that are conducted in an organization. There are several subordinate or
employees who report to the manager at workplace. Manger of a company conduct numbers of
activities such as motivates staffs, conduct planning, train new jonnies and many more.
Role of manager
 The main role of manager of a company is to motivate employees so that they conduct
their work properly with full dedication because that will lead to attainment of
predetermined goal as well as target successfully (Choi, Guo and Luo, 2020).
 Another major role of manager is to conduct planning and develop strategies, rules and
regulation as well as it is also their role to ensure that all employees fill follow it
effectively.
Characteristics of manager
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 The main character of manager is that they have strong communication skills which help
them in communicating with other employees and convincing them to perform work
properly for attaining goal.
 Manager also motivate employee by appraising them through monetary or non-monetary
rewards.
Difference between manager and leader
Basis Manager Leader
Working style It is characteristic of manager
that they are more concern
with the conducting activities
in the right manner instead of
doing right things (Erjavec
and Trkman, 2020).
On the other hand leader
character is that they concern
with conducting right thing
instead of doing it in right
manner.
Approach This is role of manager that
they do planning of all details
activities which are going to
perform at the workplace.
Leader role is to guide their
team members so that they
perform their activities
properly for the attainment of
goal.
Application of theories with example of Marks and Spencer
Leadership theories
There are several leadership theories which an organization can receive so as to direct
their work in compelling and fitting way. Some of them are clarified underneath in regard of
Marks and Spencer:-
Trait theory: According to this leadership theory leader of Marks and Spencer must develop
strategies according to their personality threats because that will help them in conducting work
effectively (Hwang, Tak and Vukovic, 2020). For example- they must have treats like social,
personality, physical and many more.
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 Contingency theory: According to this leadership theory leader of respective company
must need to consider several situational factors which impact on their strategies and
planning. For example their leader may adopt different contingency theories such as path
goal and many more.
Management theory
Management theory provides proper guideline the manager of a company so that they can
develop effective strategies and planning which leads to accomplishment of work properly which
lead to attainment of desire company goal in successful manner (Kaleida and et. al., 2020). For
example manager of Marks and Spencer must adopt different management theory such as
management by objective according to which they must develop certain goal before taking any
decision because it help in conducting work properly.
Management functions by Henri Fayol
 Planning – According to Henri Fayol planning is determining as drawing a good plan of
action with the active participation of entire organization. For example at this stage
manager of Marks and Spencer will conduct planning for improvement at the workplace.
 Organizing – According to this it is essential for manager to organize each and every
work in effective manner so that they attain their desire goal. For example in respect of
respective company their manager will train and recruit right individual for the job.
 Leading – In respect of this function manager of a company will command their staffs so
that they accomplish their task properly on time. For example in respect of Marks and
Spencer their leader and manager lead the employees so that they accomplish allotted
task properly.
 Controlling – In respect of this manager must control the company activities so that their
will less wastage and attainment of objective successfully. For example Manager of
Marks and Spencer will conduct controlling of activities so that they maintain positive
working environment.
Different leadership roles by Mintzberg
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 Interpersonal Roles – These roles are related to manager’s behaviour which focuses on
the interpersonal contact. This is also determining as roles that considered people i.e.
subordinate as well as outsider of firm. This will include roles like leader, liaison and
figurehead.
 Informational Roles – Respective role include receive, gathering and disseminating
information at workplace. Roles include in this are monitor, disseminator and
spokesperson.
 Decisional Roles – Decision roles include aspects of making choices as well as this is
lead by managers. The roles include in this are related to entrepreneur, disturbance
handle, resource allocator and negotiator.
TASK 2
P2
At an organization there are several situation take place according to which manger and
leader to perform different task so that they can handle situation effectively as well as it will also
help them in attaining their goal effectively and successfully. Manager and leader always prepare
of some common situation and they also know that which decision will be effective for which
situation and then accordingly they implement strategies (KC, Scholtes and Terwiesch, 2020). In
respect of Marks and Spencer, who is conducting its operation at the international level due to
which they experienced several situations which impact negatively on their business operations
and functions. Below some common situation that occur at the Marks and Spencer are given
below along with that role of leader and function of manager is mentioned according to
situation:-
Stable situation
Manufacturing
This is main function or situation which is conduct by a company on daily basis as well
as it is a stable function because through it they able to attain their desire goal as well as
objective in effective manner. In respect of Marks and Spencer they are conducting their
business at the clothing retail industry so for them manufacturing clothing is stable situation as
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that will help them in attaining their desire goal. In this situation manager as well as leader plays
an essential role because they motivate and guide their employees so that they conduct work
effectively.
Slow to moderate changing situation
Conflict Situation
It is one of the most common issues or situation which arises at the workplace and it will
directly impact on a company’s business operations and functions. There are several reasons
which lead to conflict situation such as discrimination among the employees due to age, gender,
color, religion and many more. Along with this conflict may also take place among the
employees and employees, employer and employees and employees and management, in all
cases business productivity as well as profitability ratio. In respect of Marks and Spencer there is
also rise of conflict situation among the employer and employees because their employer does
decimation among the employees (Kidd, 2020). Due to this, productivity as well as profitability
of Marks and Spencer gets decreased. In this situation manager and leader of respect company
perform different function and role in order to solve conflict situation.
Fast changing situation
Technology change
It is generally take place when management of a company decide to adopt new and
advance technology at their workplace in order to enhance their effectiveness and productively
quality. In respect of Marks and Spencer they also go through or experience same situation when
management introduce new technology at the workplace, then in this situation there are some
employees who didn’t want to adopt change because they think it will hard to adopt. Along with
this, it is essential for companies to adopt new technology or implement fast chaining situation
because that will help them in enhancing their work quality and effectiveness.
In respect of Marks and Spencer, the situation which impact on their business operations
and function is related to fast chaining situation due to technology. This is so in clothing industry
change take place on continuous basis as well as for companies it is essential to adopt these
changes on regular basis as that will help in sustaining at the marketplace for the long time. In
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respect of this it manager and leader need to consider factors or functions of management and
develop strategies accordingly:-
Impact of organization situation on management function
 Planning – In respect of overcoming fast changing situation it is essential for respective
company manager to conduct workplace as well as market analysis and determine new
technology which they need to adopt. Moreover they also need to conduct planning
activities related to it in effective manner.
 Organizing - At this stage manager and leader of Marks and Spencer will conduct
organizing activities in which they need to organize resource for the attainment of new
technology in effective manner.
 Leading – In respect manager of Marks and Spencer will guide their employees so that
they can adopt new technology in effective manner as well as they also conduct work
properly for attainment of desire goal.
 Controlling – At the respective stage manager and leader of respective company will
conduct controlling of activities at the workplace so that there will be minimum wastage
as well as error. Through this they can achieve its predetermined desire goal successfully.
P3
There are several theories and models which can be adopted by an organization in order
to conduct their work in effective manner as well as this will also help in develop proper decision
according to situation. Moreover, it is necessary for company manager as well as leader to
develop strategies as well as planning by considering different theories and model as that will aid
in development of strategies in respect of current situation. In respect of Marks and Spencer they
also need to adopt several model and theories, from which some are mentioned below:-
 Situational leadership – It indicated as style in which leader as well as manager of an
organization creates procedures as per the circumstance that they are right now
confronting. So as to turn into a compelling leader an individual may embrace situational
authority model as that will help in creating systems as indicated by circumstance (Mišić
and Perakis, 2020). In context of Marks and Spencer their manager and leader adopt
several types of model or theories, from that some primary are explained below:-
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o Strength: Through this manager and leader of Marks and Spencer can develop
decision according to the situation which they are currently facing.
o Weakness: The respective model or theory is not much effective for long time
duration requirements of an organization.
 Systems leadership – It is considered as leadership model or theory according to which
leader and manager of a company can develop a specific situation at which staff feels
motivated as well as encouraged to perform specific work effectively (Olsen and Tomlin,
2020). In respect of Marks and Spencer they can adopt this theory for attaining their goal
by motivating employees in successful manner.
o Strength: By implementing respective strategy manager as well as leader of
respective company able to increase motivation level of employees which
encourage them to attain their desire goal as well as target successfully.
o Weakness: System leadership model may required huge time in some situation
which may impact on the working.
 Contingency leadership – This model is developed in 1958 by Fred Fiedler, according to
this model success of a leader will not only depend on their abilities it will also impacted
through two factors I.e. situation and set of manger. In respect of Marks and Spence, in
order to implement contingency leadership respective company able to attain their desire
goal successfully and effectively.
o Strength: This will not require that all employees of Marks and Spencer will be
productive in specific situation. Effectiveness of some employees will be
sufficient (Razalli, 2020).
o Weakness: This is no specific or clear procedure respective can be adopted by
Marks and Spencer.
These are main model and theories which are adopted by Mark and Spencer in order to
conduct their work in effective as well as appropriate manner. Along with this, implication of
these model help in attaining desire goal and objectives successfully.
System theory By Ludwig Von Bertalanffy and Petter Senge
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It is considered as theory which has interdisciplinary theory related to the nature of
complex system in society, nature as well as science. The respective theory is considered as
cohesive conglomeration of interrelated as well as interdependent parts that can be human made
or natural. In respect of system theory at the Marks and Spencer, the manager as well as leader
able to understand situation properly and conduct work in the systematic manner. In respect of
this company also adopt inputs, process, and output and feedback procedure. According to which
input will be employees efforts among the customers, then processing will be interaction among
the employees and audiences. In respect of this output is considered as satisfaction level of
customer as well as then feedback is determine as suggestion which is given by customer
according to the services. Along with this, it is necessary for Marks and Spencer manager to do
their allotted work in appropriate ways so that they can attain their predetermined goal and target
in effective way. Furthermore, it will also aid them in conducting practices in proper ways for the
attainment of set objective or aim successfully.
Strength and weakness of system theory
Strengths Weaknesses
The system theory has simple representation
of the world. It is also has effective as well as
appropriate visual representation. It is also
based on the modular as well as hierarchical
factor.
The weakness of respective theory is that it
implicit spatial representation as well as there
is no heterogeneity.
TASK 3
P4
Operations management is considered as a situation according to which management
concerned or focused with the designing as well as controlling of procedure so that they deliver
quality services to customers. Moreover, it will also include redesigning of business operation
procedure for development of products as well as services effectively. There are several
approaches to operations management which can be adopted by an organization for attaining
their desire goal and objective. Through the implementation of these approaches a company
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management can conduct their business operations as well as functions in successful way
(Sabbaghtorkan, Batta and H, 2020). Some of the main approaches to operations management
which can be implement by Marks and Spencer are given below along with role which leader
and manager will plan in that situation:-
 Six Sigma – It is considered as method which is adopted by a company in order to
minimize defects in process as well as it will also help in reducing procedure variability.
Respective model consist of several aspects such as measuring, improving, validation of
task and many more (Schönsleben, 2020). There are five level of respective model and it
is essential for manager and leader of Marks and Spencer to adopt i.e. define, improve,
analyze, measure and control. By implementing this respective company management
able to determine ineffective stage and deduct it from the whole procedure. In the
implementation of this process manager and leader also play major role because manager
will conduct analysis and develop strategies. After which leader will guide employees
how they can adopt that strategies for minimizing waste and attaining desire goal
successfully. Total quality management – It is considered as model that helps a company in
maintaining quality of their work or process. Through this company also able to ensure
that each and every procedure are conducted in proper manner and quality of their work
is maintain properly. In respect of Marks and Spencer by adopting process of total quality
management manager and leader able to ensure that their work as well as products quality
are effective (Schönsleben, 2020). Through this respective company able to attract more
and more customers as they ensure that their products are best and of best quality. In
respect of this Marks and Spencer manager and leader play effective role because
manager develop and arrange training programmes for employees so that they know
effective way to work. Along with this, leader will guide employees for the same because
that will help them in ensuring that work and products quality are maintained in proper
way. Just in Time – By adopting respective method Marks and Spencer able to conduct their
work in the timely manner as well as it will also help them in determining issues at the
initial stage.
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 Continuous improvement – Through this respective company able to conduct
improvement on their business operations and functions which help in attainment of
desire goal successfully. Lean production – Through this Marks and Spencer able to cut down the wastage from
the production process which helps in conducting work properly as well as it also save
resource and time. Queuing – By this respective company able to construct line which makes work
effective, easy and faster.
These are some of the most effective approaches of operations management that Marks
and Spencer can adopt for attaining their goal and objectives in appropriate way. In addition to
this, there are also several other operations management approaches such as lean principle, just
in time and many more.
Role of leader as well as manager in operations management
While performing activities related to the operation management an organization leader
as well as manager plays major role as they plan things as well as guide employees so that they
perform their task in effective as well as appropriate manner. Moreover, manger and leader also
motivate staffs so that they conduct work effectively for the attainment of desire goal.
Leaders play an important role in operations management as they provide stabilization to
the organization. They have an ability to create a team infrastructure that works towards the
achievement of organizational goals and objectives. They also play a role in devising systems
that allow the business operations to run smoothly (Celik, 2017). Leaders in operations
management formulate guidelines as well as policies in order to ensure that operational activities
take place in an effective manner. They also guide and direct their team members on various
tasks as they have a deep understanding of how things are done. They also create solutions to
existing problems so that they can be addressed in an effective and efficient manner. The leaders
also provide vision to their teams and make sure that the members are aware of hat is expected
from them as well as the goals of the company. Effective leaders have exceptional time
management skills due to which they are able to ensure that all the assigned tasks are completed
on time.
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Managers on the other hand, also play an important role in operations management. They
manage the different activities that are a part of the production process. Other responsibilities
include planning. Finalizing the design for production process, controlling, performance
improvement as well as developing operational strategy. Operations managers are important part
of an organization and analyze different processes in which the overall operational efficiency can
improve. Supply chain management is an important component of operations management and
therefore, operations managers within the organization work towards designing as well as
executing the different supply chain strategies. This can include syncing the supply as per the
demand of the products in the market. An operations manager is also responsible for supervising
the inventory within the company. Creating as well as managing the budget for operations
management is also an important role of the manager. They have excellent verbal as well as
written communication skills due to which they are able to communicate and maintain a long-
term relationship with the suppliers.
P5.
Operational management is an important component for every organization as it helps in
managing the day to day activities effectively. A company can make good use of its resources
through operations management. The essential point of activities the board is to guarantee that
the completed merchandise is conveyed on schedule and that crude materials are transformed
into successful completed items (Scriba, Jette and Santalucia, 2020). With the help of operations
management, a company can plan, organize, monitor and control the different elements in a
proper way. Effective utilization of resources helps the company in making large profits and
generating large revenues. Operations management is important because it ensures that the
quality of products and services is maintained without any compromise in the same.
The five main objectives of Marks and Spencer include survival, maximizing profit,
increasing sale, growth as well as satisfying the needs of customers. The company is one of the
most widely recognized organizations in the world. Like all businesses, one of the main
objectives of the company is to maximize its profits and increase overall sales. The company
conducts market research regularly in order to understand the needs as well as requirements of
customers (Rumble, 2019). This helps it in altering its products accordingly and therefore, satisfy
their needs in an effective manner. The company also carries out various promotions in order to
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generate awareness about the products and thus, attract a greater number of customers. This has
significantly contributed towards the overall growth of the company and also helped it in
attaining a competitive advantage.
The efficiency and productivity of the employees can also be improved as the
performance of the people who work in the company can be measured by the managers and if
any need of training is identified, the operations managers can train and motivate their
subordinates so that they feel confident and put in bet efforts to help the company improve its
overall efficiency and the goals and objectives are achieved (Sherer, 2020). This will further
enhance the goodwill of the company in the market and help it in gaining a competitive
advantage against competitors.
In addition to this there are also several different factors which showcase value and importance
of operations management at the workplace, from which some are mentioned below in respect of
Marks and Spencer -
Importance and value of Operation Management
There are total of eight crucial functions that make operations management important.
This includes control systems, transformation of raw material into finished goods as well as
services, distribution system, logistics, capacity management and scheduling. Some of the
functions are described below –
 Distribution System – This is an important function of operations management which
can be defined as the movement of goods from suppliers or the manufacturer to the point
where they will be sold. Distribution system can include different activities and processes
like warehousing, packaging, supply chain, warehousing, logistics and inventory. It helps
an organization in keeping the various processes as well as activities organized so that the
customers remain satisfied.
 Logistics – Logistics is another important function of operations management that can
significantly contribute to the overall success of the company. In this, the operations
manager plans, implements as well as controls the flow and storage of goods from the
point at which the products are manufactured to the point they are consumed (Shiver and
15

Eitel, 2017). Logistics help the company in offering an enhanced service to the
customers.
 Transformation of raw material into finished goods – Operations is all about
transforming raw material into finished goods in order to satisfy the needs of customers
in an effective manner. This process is known as manufacturing which is done through
various tools, processes and human labor. Finished products are manufactured keeping in
mind the needs and requirements of customers.
 Scheduling – This process involves the distribution as well as use of an organization’s
resources effectively. Effective scheduling helps the company in manufacturing products
that are in accordance with the demand of the same in the market (Villarreal and et. al.,
2017). Two major activities that are a part of scheduling process are loading as well as
scheduling. It is basically about timing and utilization of resources in the most efficient
manner within an organization through which goals and objectives can be achieved.
 Capacity management – It is a function in operations management that ensures the
business maximizes the potential of different activities at all times. The primary goal of
capacity management being an important function of operations management is to make
sure that different information technology resources are able to meet the current as well
as future requirements of business and that too in a manner that is cost-effective.
 By adopt effective operations management Marks and Spencer able to enhance its
production process effectiveness as well as it will also help them in minimizing wastage
during the production of material. This will also lead to enhancement in the profitability
as well as market shares at the potential marketplace.
 Along with this, through it manager as well as leader of Marks and Spencer which is
operating in clothing retail industry able to make proper decision in respect of specific
situation which currently occur at the workplace. Furthermore, it will also help them in
understanding issues and overcoming it proper so that staff gets motivated as well as
confident to conduct specific work in appropriate way for the attainment of
predetermined goal.
 By adopting as well as implementing effective operations management manager as well
as leader of Marks and Spencer able to accomplish each and every business operations
and functions on time (Soekkha, 2020). In addition to this, by effective operations
16

management respective company able to deliver proper and quality products to customers
so that their need, demand and expectation get fulfilled. This will also help company in
attaining their predetermine goal in successful manner.
These are some of the main factors which showcase value and importance of operations
management at workplace of Marks and Spencer as well as it will also help them in attaining
desire goal successfully.
Operations management plays an important role in helping an organization in achieving
business objectives. This is because it handles various issues like operations, maintenance and
improvement of the systems that are used to manufacture the company’s products and design.
Since an organization can utilize the available resources in an effective manner, it can transform
raw materials into finished goods and services and ensure that there is minimum or no wastage.
An operations manager can schedule different activities and processes that are a part of the
production process and ensure that products that are manufactured are in sync with the needs of
the customers and satisfy them. If the customers are satisfied, they will purchase the company’s
products more often due to which its overall profitability will increase. This way the company
will also be able to gain a competitive advantage against competitors and grow in the market.
Therefore, this is how operations management can help an organization in achieving its goals
and objectives in an effective manner.
TASK 4
P6
Operations management is an important functional area within an organization as it
assists in utilizing the available resources effectively and ensures a timely delivery of the
finished products. In addition to this, there are several aspects in the business environment which
impact on the operational management as well as procedure of decision making which is
generally done by manager and leader. The factors include corporate social responsibility,
sustainability, organizational culture as well as stakeholders of the company. From which some
main factors are mentioned below -
Technological changes – Technology has been advancing at alarming rates and has
improved the way in which raw material is transformed into finished goods and services (Vadari,
17

2020). Organizations can reduce unnecessary costs and also improve their overall delivery
process of finished goods. Marks and Spencer has incorporated latest technology in its system
that has improved its overall efficiency. Due to implementation of technology, the company has
not only been able to improve overall efficiency but also, the productivity of the workers who
work in the operations department. Technology has made information available to the managers
and leaders, who can make quality decisions quickly based on it and without any problems.
Global Competition – Competition posed by different organizations across the world
can impact the way Marks and Spencer carry out its operations. It can either be related to
products and services, cost, target market of the company, response to a change or improvement
in the overall production process. Respective company produces its products by investing less
money and thus, is able to increase its share in the market. Managers and leaders have to keep an
eye on the performance of the competitors and then formulate effective decisions and strategies
in order to remain competitive against them. The decision-making process is impact as the
company has a large product line but the competition can affect the overall customer base of the
company.
Availability of raw material – This is a very crucial factor that can impact an
organization’s operational management. The company should keep a close observation on
availability of raw material like labor, etc. If the raw materials are not managed properly, it will
impact on the overall operations of the company. It can also impact the production costs as well
as the quality of the finished goods. Therefore, the leaders and managers should monitor the
inventory from time to time so that effective decision can be made about how the resources can
as well as raw material can be utilized effectively without any wastage.
Finance – Operational management can also be impacted finance as the process involves
cost and other investments. Thus, if a business is not financially stable and profitable, it will
directly affect the company’s operations and it will not be able to run its day to day operational
activities effectively (Vadari, 2020). Thus, managers and leaders should make informed
decisions to avoid any kind of errors. Therefore, relationship between leadership and
management can significantly impact operations management as well as the process or decision
making in a company.
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Corporate Social Responsibility – It is basically how an organization manages its
different processes so that an overall positive impact is created on the society. In order to
practice corporate social responsibility, a company should act in a sustainable and ethical
manner. It majorly deals with the impacts that are social and environmental. CSR impacts the
overall decision-making process by allowing it to attract the most talented and skilled employees.
The main goal of operations management is to manufacture products of highest quality at the
most affordable prices. Managers within the company should be ethically responsible because
customers are increasingly becoming conscious about the environment. Marks and Spencer aims
to build a business that is not only successful and profitable, but sustainable as well. There are
various practices that the company implements in order to improve its focus on corporate social
responsibility. The company makes regular donations to charity through the local retail stores. It
also has a budget that is basically meant for supporting the issues that are important for the local
community. This shows that the company cares about practicing corporate social responsibility.
Sustainability – Sustainability in business can be defined as the management of different
social environmental as well as financial demands. It is an important component that ensures the
long-term growth of the company. In simple words, sustainability is about effectively meeting
the present needs without compromising on the ability of future generations to meet their
respective needs. For a business to be sustainable, it is important for it to carefully assess the
problem and define the objectives accordingly. Sustainability helps an organization in to make
use of the different opportunities in an effective manner (Grabner, 2019). This also helps in
minimizing the overall negative impact of its operations on the environment. Sustainability has
helped the respective organization in making effective decisions that are in accordance with the
customers’ concerns about the environment and the harm caused to it. For example, Marks and
Spencer focuses on making it supply chain sustainable by not compromising on the efficiency.
Therefore, it can be said that sustainability contributes significantly to the overall growth of the
business.
CONCLUSION
Through the evaluation of above-mentioned topic it can be conclude that for every
company it is essential to conduct operations as well as management in effective manner as this
19

will help them in attainment of pre-determined goal as well as objective successfully. For this
management of a company will adopt or conduct different practices. Moreover, it will also guide
company’s manager and leader to conduct their allotted work in proper manner so that there will
be no discrimination and misuse of power. This will also help in ensuring that resources are used
in proper manner and allotted work accomplish in given time duration. While performing
different operations and managements Company’s manager as well as leader showcase different
function and role that leads to accomplishment of work properly. During this they can adopt
numbers of leadership theories for example situational, system and contingency because that will
provide them guideline.
Along with this, when a leader and manager perform take in different situation then they
also show different types of responsibilities, roles and functions. The different leadership style
directly or indirectly impacted on the company decision making process which further aid
management in attaining the pre-determined goal as well as objective in effective way. In
addition to this operations management also plays an essential role in the achievement of desire
goal because through that all activities or task are performed properly with minimum wastage.
There is also difference among the role and function which are performed by leader as well as
manager in a specific situation. So, in this respect it is necessary for a company manager and
leader to be aware of situation and for this they may conduct evaluation as that will aid them in
developing effective as well as appropriate decision.
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