Management and Operations in Tesco

This report discusses the management structure, roles of managers and leaders, and different approaches to leadership and management in Tesco. It also explores the key operational functions and the impact of external business environment factors. The report concludes with recommendations for future improvements.

Unit 4 - Management
and Operations
1

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
PART 1............................................................................................................................................4
An introduction to chosen organisation management structure.............................................4
Definition and roles of both managers and leaders, highlighting the differences between
management and leadership...................................................................................................4
An evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to leadership and
management to draw conclusions that support theories of leadership...................................7
Conclusions on how managers and leaders have made an impact on the organisation and
recommendations for future improvements............................................................................8
PART 2............................................................................................................................................9
An introduction to the key operations of the organisation.....................................................9
Details of each of the key operational functions, identifying the roles and responsibilities of
managers in the key operational functions.............................................................................9
Explanation of the key operational approaches to operations management and their value10
An evaluation of the impact of external business environment factors that affect decision-
making by leaders and managers..........................................................................................11
There is form of factors prevailing in external business environment in which TESCO is
conducting its business operations. These factors are required to be considering by company
leaders and managers as these factors have significant capability to affect organisational
decision making process.......................................................................................................11
How operational efficiencies can be improved to successfully meet business objectives using
appropriate management and leadership approaches...........................................................12
Conclusions and supported recommendations for future improvements to be taken by the
organisation..........................................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14
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INTRODUCTION
Management operation is termed as an area that involves number of activities related to
designing and controlling of different type of organisational functions and operations. In simple
terms management and operation is a process in which controlling and review of activities is
done related to production services manufacturing process (Asef-Vaziri and Moghaddam, 2021).
With the help of operation management organisation assures effective quality and management
of services and goods and maintain systematic balance between revenue and cost. Present report
has been conducted on Tesco which is operating as a large multinational grocery store founded
in the year 1999. This report is divided into two parts and which part 1 involves definition and
roles of leaders and managers along with strength and weakness of different approaches of
management and leadership. In addition to this part2 involve key operational functions along
with the roles and responsibilities of managers and leaders, along with different factors in
external business environment that affect company operational effectiveness. In addition to this
supported recommendation for future improvement is also included in this report.
PART 1
An introduction to chosen organisation management structure
Tesco is British worldwide association and was founded in the year 1919. This company is
operating in retailing area. Organization headquartered in London UK and offer distinctive sort
of item through grocery store, super store, hyper store and superstore. It has been recognized that
association have various sorts of the executive’s structure. Along with this, power within
organisation basically moves from top to bottom. This has been underlined that within TESCO
leaders and managers plays essential roles as these executives manage organisational operations
and workforce in a well define and effective manner.
Definition and roles of both managers and leaders, highlighting the differences between
management and leadership
Leader:
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Leaders are the person who inspire and control labour force with an association as to achieve
authoritative target system. As per the view point of, John kotter leaders play different types of
roles as to provide proper direction and guidance to employees. TESCO leaders embrace
utilization of their uplifting outlook just as trust to successfully urge labour force to play out their
guidelines in best powerful way (Daft, 2021). With the assistance of this leaders, within
company assures higher productivity and more competitive growth.
Role of a leader
 Main role of leaders is to monitor and guide employees and align their performance with
company mission and objectives in order to accomplish organisational goals with more
effectiveness.
 Within TESCO leaders mainly perform their role by making application of positive
behaviour towards company vision and ensure that each and every task gets
accomplished accordingly.
Managers:
Managers are those people who adequately oversee various forms of activities and tasks
of managerial in nature. Managers are among top most executives in TESCO as they have
responsibility related to passing guidelines to top administration to subordinates while
guaranteeing that every one of the activities are being done in best successful way. Within
TESCO managers acts as a strong link between top-lower level.
Roles of Managers in TESCO
Planning:
This is one of the most important roles played by managers in TESCO in which they
engage in the role related to plans and policies formulation.
Organising:
In this, managers with TESCO are authorized with the role of effectively organising
capital and resources in order to conduct daily basis operations in effective manner.
Commanding:
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In this managers are having responsibility to command to supervisors and other
individuals. For this managers within TESCO undertake use of communications as to stay
aligned with all the activities.
Control:
It is one of the most important role in which managers have role related to controlling of
organisational operations and employees performance according to organisational practices and
policies.
Coordination:
In this managers within TESCO have role related to coordinating organisational
objectives with employees performance as to ensure accomplishment of operations in a well
define and effective manner.
Differences between Management and Leadership of Toyota
Basis of Comparison Managers Leaders
Behavioural characteristics Within TESCO management,
managers engage in decision
making and innovation (Essila,
Alhourani and Motwani,
2021).
In terms with leadership, in
TESCO leaders basically
emphasise on motivating and
influencing workforce with the
help of high confidence.
Authority and power Within TESCO manager have
authority related to decision
making, controlling and task
management.
Leaders within TESCO have
authority and power related to
guide and direct employees
performance towards
organisational objectives.
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An evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to leadership and
management to draw conclusions that support theories of leadership
Contingency leadership theory:
This leadership style facilitates leaders to have ability to overcome the external pressure in
effective manner. According to this, leadership style leaders can effectively adjust their
leadership style as per the situation.
Strengths Weaknesses
 Major strength of this leadership style is
that, it helps useful information related to
the most suitable style as per the
situation.
 This theory major weakness is that, this
theory duly fails to explain that why
leader perform effective in one situation
but not in others.
System leadership theory:
As per this theory it is essential for leaders to make identification of individual’s behaviour in
order to develop plans accordingly (Helms, 2021). With the help of this employees can give their
best and can perform towards effective accomplishment of organisational objectives.
Strengths Weakness
 With the help of this leadership approach
organisation can effectively design
effective framework for employees. In
addition to this, it also aid in developing
 This process is time taken as lengthy
along with this, it also have number of
complexities.
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innovative ideas by which workers can
contribute their high performance.
In TESCO managers are undertaking use of situational leadership approach to oversee
organisation activities in best manner. With the help of this leadership style manager within
company assures that all the needs of employees get accomplished effectively. With assistance of
this leadership approach leaders and managers within organisation ensures effective decision
making process.
Conclusion
As per the above conversation, it has been presumed that, an individual brought into the
world with authority quality ends up being substantially more compelling for worldwide
association like TESCO. However, in order to manage business operations in systematic manner
it is essential for managers to sometime undertake tough decisions.
Conclusions on how managers and leaders have made an impact on the organisation and
recommendations for future improvements
TESCO is a multinational organisation in which there are a number of employees, those who are
performing different type of roles and responsibilities in order to fulfil organisational objectives
in this leader and managers with organisation have great impact on performance and productivity
of employees and organisation on simultaneous basis (Iris and Lam, 2021). Thus, it is essential
for leaders and managers to undertake advantage of different type of leadership and management
theories in order to manage employee performance according to the current changes in business
environment. In this leaders within the TESCO is recommended to undertake advantage of
transformational leadership theory, this theory is also defined as relationship theories that
emphasize upon relationship between followers and leaders. In this leaders with TESCO with the
help of the charismatic and inspirational attitude can encourage allow employees to transform
and overcome in an effective manner. With the help of transformational leadership style leaders
can effectively motivate employees in order to enhance their ability to assure higher
performance. While on the other hand managers within the company are significantly
recommended to undertake advantage of system management theory, this theory duly offers an
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alternative approach to planning and management of organisation. This theory states that
organisational success is mainly depend upon different key elements that are interrelation
between various subsystem, interdependence and synergy. Employees are an essential
component for any organisation thus in this managers is required to determine patterns and
events as to determine best management approach. With the help of system management theories
managers in Tesco can work rather than as isolated units.
The role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational contexts
Team-building:
Team is basically defined as gathering of person who work their capacities and duties in a
gathering as cultivated hierarchical shared objective. Leaders of TESCO ensure that people work
their capacities inside a group as to viably achieve hierarchical targets while guaranteeing most
extreme yield. It has been recognized that work power of Tesco incorporates various sorts of
individual from various foundation with having distinctive mastery. Consequently, TESCO
managers with the help of autocratic style guide as well as mangers individuals. Leaders ensures
that trust prevails in team as to enhance organisation growth. Thus, both of the leaders and
managers with their roles ensures high performance, productivity and management of
employees.
Project management:
To viably satisfy objective of association in best successful way Organization is needed
to make sure that project execution is attempted in best viable way. It has been distinguished that
detailing of undertaking is somewhat troublesome assignment, as in this there is an inclusion of
various sorts of abilities, information and capabilities as to additional lead exercises in best
powerful way. Hence, in this manager hold the job to implement optimum strategy as to
successfully use hierarchical assets to ensure that there is no absence of raw materials and other
vital prerequisites in the execution of task. Moreover, with this leader of Tesco viably distribute
jobs and obligations to every single individual according to as per the expertise, calling and
training foundation to guarantee fruitful result of venture. Likewise, with this, pioneers
additionally play out the job viably guide and administrator subordinates to guarantee convenient
achievement of project.
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PART 2
An introduction to the key operations of the organisation
Product development:
It is one of most important key operations in which Tesco engage in the process of developing
new services and products according to the demand. In this organisation undertake advantage of
product development strategy (Kovalchuk, 2021). According to ansoff matrix analysis, it has
been identified that an organisation is looking forward to develop for existing market. In this, it
is essential for company to undertake advantage of the strategy. Furthermore it has been
underlined that company also undertake advantage of product mix in order to diversify their
business operations. This operation is being undertaken by company with the help of corporate
strategy in which company effectively follow changes in the needs of consumers and introduce
product line accordingly, with the help of effective research and development process.
Quality Management:
In this company conduct operations related to managing quality of their products and
services. This operation is being duly undertaken by organisation in order to significantly
enhance overall outcome by delivering fundamental consumer benefit. It has been identified that
TESCO is successful in capturing leadership of the retaining marketing. In this company design
and implement efficient form of supply system as to deliver consumers highly qualitative
services. For this organisation undertake use of different tools and techniques and develop
generic strategies. For this organisation and take advantage of Total Quality Management in
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order to assure that consumers remain loyal to organisation. With the help of this approach
leaders and manage has also eliminate wastage while enhancing quality of products.
Details of each of the key operational functions, identifying the roles and responsibilities of
managers in the key operational functions
Just in Time approach:
It is one of the most widely used approaches to managing organisational operation. Just-in-time
approach allows leaders and managers of Tesco to order raw material for production and
manufacturing process when there is actual need of product. It helps them to decrease wastage
ratio. Just in time approach is essential for multinational organisations like Tesco, as with the
help of this company can effectively utilise their resources for reducing raw material wastage
(Luo, Olsen and Liu, 2021). It also aid organisation to maximize products and services quality
while increasing efficiency level.
Six Sigma:
Six sigma approaches is being undertaken by organisation as to lower down error ratio
and defects in operations, Six Sigma methodology allows managers and leaders of Tesco to
lower down estimated ratio of unusual defect and error in organisational processes such as
production and other. With the help of this company not only conduct that operation in faster and
easier way but also enhance products quality.
Lean Production:
It is one of the most common approach used by organisations, as this approach allows
organisation to cut unnecessary wastage that increase production quality. Lean production
approach allows managers and leaders in all business aspects such as distribution, designing and
production. With the help of this, managers and leaders enhance operations effectiveness
according to the needs in market segment.
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Explanation of the key operational approaches to operations management and their value
Just in Time approach value:
Just in time approach have significant capability through which leaders and managers can
effectively manage operations. It has been identified that this approach is having great value as it
allows leaders within Tesco to evaluate actual raw material requirement and communicate the
same with managers. With the help of this Tesco manager order only necessary resources that
help in decreasing wastage level that enhance quality of product. This time approach hello
managers were then Tesco to order only required for material and further provides that directly
to organisation production hub (Pagell, 2021). With the help of this managers can not only
reduce wastage but also manage organisational budget in effective manner.
Six Sigma value:
Six Sigma approach is having significant value for Tesco as it allows leaders and
managers to conduct management operations. With the assistance of this approach Tesco lower
down overall ratio of input cause that not only allows company accomplish tasks in time but also
allow utilising that time in other important procedures such as decision making. This significant
maximize organisation overall efficiency Tesco is operating that business operations on
multinational level. In this Six Sigma approach offer great value through which company
decreases defects and error in hardworking structure.
Lean Production value:
Lean production is having significant value for company as being a multinational firm
Tesco is offering a production services for worldwide. Lean production allows company to
assure higher quality of their production services while reducing wastage. In addition to this lean
production approach help company to create value and minimise unnecessary activities that does
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not have any value to company, for example unnecessary movement of individuals and products,
repairing of faulty product and holding of stock.
Importance and Value of Operations Management
Operations management is the organization of strategic policies that include to fostering
the most extreme degree of productivity conceivable within company. The primary motivation
behind this is to changing over/handling works and materials into labour and products as
effectively as could really be expected and boost the benefits of an organisation. There are two
primary reasons, behind significant importance of operations management within company. As a
matter of first importance, it can further develop financial wellbeing of organisation, by duly
making improvement in productivity. Along with this it also enhances consumers value.
It has been evaluated that manager and leader of TESCO can further develop effectiveness
of operational management to effectively meet business objective by urging representatives to
work beneficially. This additionally engages the group as it produces virtual private
organizations. The organizations are gotten and permits representatives to get to it whenever.
This maximises performance of employees along with overall level of customers satisfaction.
Along with this it further develops collaborative effort so it builds efficiencies and assists with
working on the cooperation as it makes bonds in understanding the representatives. This
outcomes in workers working unreservedly by aiding one another. This likewise benefits in
communicating measure as it speeds up the creation interaction because of the comprehension of
representatives about the work. Another way is discussing appropriately with clients. This
method assists supervisors with knowing the necessities and assumptions for explicit item and
plan of it. Then again, control and conveyance framework assist with controlling every one of
the exercises and increment benefit consequently.
An evaluation of the impact of external business environment factors that affect decision-making
by leaders and managers
There is form of factors prevailing in external business environment in which TESCO is
conducting its business operations. These factors are required to be considering by company
leaders and managers as these factors have significant capability to affect organisational decision
making process.
External Factors
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Competitor efficiency and flexibility:
It has been distinguished that in the present current world every single organization are
needed to attempt diverse sort of practices. With the assistance of which they can ready to foster
culture that expansion execution of representatives. They additionally attempt various measures
as to get cutthroat competition. In this, managers and leaders embrace diverse kind of practices
and strategies to guarantee long haul supportability in marketplace.
Technological factors:
Technology is dynamically developing in continuous basis which is essential for company
to consider in order to competitive in market segment. In related to this, managers as well as
leaders within Tesco both make guarantee that organization receive procedures and
advancements on Technology as per the most recent pattern as to expand their efficiency.
Stakeholders:
Stakeholders are the person who make interest in association with a mean to acquire
some benefit. In setting with Tesco managers are dependable to define leads just as strategy
when there is superfluous and make further change. It has been recognized that choice that has
been embraced by leaders and managers for benefit company profitability and more individual
will be affected to purchase association share.
Thus, by emphasising upon all these factors TESCO leaders and managers can effectively
perform their roles and responsibilities with strong decision making process.
How operational efficiencies can be improved to successfully meet business objectives using
appropriate management and leadership approaches
Participative leadership style:
It is essential for the leader to encourage and guide employees in different aspects such as
decision making, problem solving and more. With the help of participating leadership
management style leaders and managers within Tesco can significantly improve operational
efficiency and can further made organisational objectives. Participate leadership style is
positively associated with higher level of job satisfaction, as in this leaders and employees
involve workers in decision making, problem solving and further empower employees while
supporting their creativity and innovativeness.
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Democratic management style:
This management approach allows managers in reaching decisions with the involvement of
workers. However in this managers are responsible to make final decisions (Palander and Kärhä,
2021). With the help of this management style leaders with any company can not only assure
participative role in decision-making process but can also encourage employees to put forward
better and fresh ideas. With the help of this, it managers can not only enhance performance and
productivity of employees but can also maximize their job satisfaction.
With the help of these management and leadership approaches leaders and managers
within Tesco can significantly improve operational efficiency and can accomplish business
objectives in a well define an effective manner, as both of these approaches enhance employee
engagement that further maximizes their motivation level.
Conclusions and supported recommendations for future improvements to be taken by the
organisation
According to the above mention analysis it has been concluded that there are number of
operations being performed in organisational workplace structure. All these operations are
associated with organisational objectives and employees performance. In this leaders and
managers have higher responsibilities to align objectives of organisations with the performance
of employees in order to improve performance and production at great extent. In this company
top executors are recommended to undertake advantage of effective leadership and management
styles. In this manager is recommended to undertake advantage of coaching management style. It
is one of the most effective way through which they can promote collaboration and partnership.
It also helps in empowering motivation and creativity among employees. With the help of
coaching managers can improve employees for professional development and can further
motivate them in effective manner. In addition to this Tesco manager is also recommended to
take advantage of transformational management style, as in this managers act as innovators who
believes in growth of organisation. With help of this approach managers cannot only allow
employees to welcome changes in effective manner according to the changes in business
environment but can also foster positive working environment. While on the other hand it is
recommended to leaders to undertake various form of leadership styles according to the
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situations. In this leaders are recommended to take advantage of Laissez-Faire Leadership
approach as it allows employees to have decision making responsibility with minimal
interference and supervision. With the help of this Tesco leaders can encourage innovation by
empowering self motivated employees.
CONCLUSION
According to the above mentioned about it has been concluded that managers and leaders
plays most essential role with and in organisational workplace structure irrespective of its size
and scope. These executives manage all the activities through which there is significant increase
in organisational productivity and employee’s performance on simultaneous basis. In this,
managers and leaders take advantage of different management and leadership style according to
the situation. It maximizes company profitability while using wastage and enhancing employees’
motivation and morale.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Asef-Vaziri, A. and Moghaddam, K.S., 2021. Incorporating the academic performance of
undergraduate students into the teaching material of an operations management
course. International Journal of Teaching and Case Studies, 12(1), pp.17-41.
Chawla, V.K., Chhabra, D., Gupta, P. and Naaz, S., 2021. Evaluation of green operations
management by fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. Materials Today: Proceedings, 38,
pp.274-279.
Daft, R.L., 2021. Management. Cengage Learning.
Essila, J.C., Alhourani, F. and Motwani, J., 2021. Using Concept Maps in Teaching Operations
Management Courses. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 19(1), pp.15-
39.
Helms, M.M., 2021. Encyclopedia of management. Thomson.
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Hong, Z., Zhang, H., Gong, Y. and Yu, Y., 2021. Towards a multi-party interaction framework:
state-of-the-art review in sustainable operations management. International Journal of
Production Research, pp.1-37.
Iris, Ç. and Lam, J.S.L., 2021. Optimal energy management and operations planning in seaports
with smart grid while harnessing renewable energy under uncertainty. Omega, p.102445.
Kovalchuk, J., 2021. Technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution as a Driver of Advancing
in Digital Operations Management. In Digital Strategies in a Global Market (pp. 99-115).
Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Luo, N., Olsen, T.L. and Liu, Y., 2021. A Conceptual Framework to Analyze Food Loss and
Waste within Food Supply Chains: An Operations Management
Perspective. Sustainability, 13(2), p.927.
Pagell, M., 2021. Replication without repeating ourselves: Addressing the replication crisis in
operations and supply chain management research. Journal of Operations
Management, 67(1), pp.105-115.
Palander, T. and Kärhä, K., 2021. Utilization of Image, LiDAR and Gamma-Ray Information to
Improve Environmental Sustainability of Cut-to-Length Wood Harvesting Operations in
Peatlands: A Management Systems Perspective. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-
Information, 10(5), p.273.
Xu, Z., Yu, C., Liao, L., Yang, P. and Yang, Z., 2021. Optimizing reservoir operations for
tradeoffs between economic objectives and legacy phosphorus management. Resources,
Conservation and Recycling, 167, p.105413.
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