Financial Analysis and Decision Making

This assignment delves into the multifaceted applications of financial analysis tools across diverse sectors. It examines their role in loan assessment by banks, aiding Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in informed decision-making, and providing insights into market competition dynamics. The analysis draws upon various research papers and scholarly sources to illustrate the practical significance of these tools.

UNIT 6 BUSINESS
DECISION MAKING

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Data collection plan...............................................................................................................1
1.2 Methods of survey.................................................................................................................2
1.3 Questionnaires.......................................................................................................................3
2.1 Business decision making based on Data Collection............................................................6
2.2 Statistical Calculations..........................................................................................................7
2.3 Measures of dispersion..........................................................................................................9
2.4 Correlation coefficient, Quartile and Percentile....................................................................9
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................10
3.1 Calculation shown in graphs...............................................................................................10
3.2 Trend lines...........................................................................................................................10
3.3 Business presentation..........................................................................................................11
3.4 Formal report to Food and Friend's director.......................................................................11
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................12
4.1 Implementation of information processing tool..................................................................12
4.2 Project plan with critical path.............................................................................................13
4.3 Various financial tool for decision making.........................................................................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Decisions taken by organisational heads must be supportive and profitable. It must be
helpful in achieving the attainable aims or targets. It should be based corrective informations and
data which will be fruitful for professionals to take innovative and effective reasoning in their
judgements. In this report, various surveys and researches are made which will help Food for
Friends managers to make favourable business plans. It will be beneficial in estimating volume
of cost to be spend for starting a new restaurant in UK. There can be surveys don on 20 people
and their responses helps managers in making corrective decisions.
TASK 1
1.1 Data collection plan
Data collection is the process where an entity can gain the favourable information
regarding consumers, their preferences and choices. It helps managers of an organisation in
deciding costs or planning budget before implementing any business operation. Food for friends
has a successful restaurant, running in US. Managers of this firm are planning to start a new
restaurant chain in UK. Data will be financial or non-financial and will help the organisations in
gathering information from the outside market. It includes two methods such as:
Primary data collection: These techniques determines the initial level of data collecting
like from direct interaction with individuals, organising surveys at various locality, asking
questionnaires to several respondents, daily observation and personal experience. These are the
primary sources and methods in which a person is directly interacted with consumers (Gong and
et.al., 2016). These sources helps in gathering adequate data regarding consumer choices and
preferences. Managers had made survey over 20 individuals in context with having appropriate
outcomes. It also includes interviewing of various individuals at various places (Haines and
et.al., 2017). Food for Friends will collect the initial data from surveying different geographical
areas which will help them in gaining information or details regarding the choices, preference,
convenient place of restaurant and several features a consumer look in an restaurant. With the
help of these methods, data can be collected:
 Direct interaction with the use of telephonic devices such as mobile texting and calling
individuals.
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 Questions to be asked to individuals with the help of various questionnaires and on the
basis of their answers managers of restaurant can analyse such informations and make the
corrective decisions. Daily observation provides adequate informations regarding changing trends in the
market and variation in the consumer preferences.
Secondary data collection: These method of data collection will be done by use of self
observation techniques such as internet surfing, accessing over social media, government
taxation policies and changing interest rates of bank loans. 20 individuals were asked for
questionnaire with help of online sites. These will help Food for Friends in gathering the data
from the secondary sources not the direct contraction between professional or consumers
(Alexakos and et.al., 2016,). Information can be generated with the help of various sources like:
 Informations available at the various social media sites about current trends, recent
changes in the market and consumer attraction.
 With the help of various newspapers, magazines, blogs and article available as to know
the loopholes of other restaurants which helps in implementing new ideas.
 Government tax rulings and statistical data helps in determine the costs for each meal and
services.
 Financial disclosure of various restaurants in UK will be helpful in analysing the
competitors in the market.
1.2 Methods of survey
Survey Methodology: Methods used to gain the adequate informations about consumers
demands and needs regarding taste or quality of food and accommodation facilities which are
awarded by Foods and Friends. Research must be made at various places by interaction with
several individuals regarding their choices and preferences (Church, Schmidt and Smedley,
2017). There must be use of best quality and fresh ingredients in every course of meal
preparations. Atmospheres of premises must be clean, hygienic and healthy which will give
relaxation to consumers. Managers of restaurant must considered the surrounding of business
and better parking facilities which will be convenient for consumers (Neuendorf, 2016). Firm has
choose the online survey methodology as it is very convenient and quick process to know the
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adequate informations regarding attitude, behaviour and choices of consumers. The method will
be chose by the managers at restaurant is online survey that will be very convenient in saving the
large amount of time (Sibai and et.al., 2016). It helps in having prompt reaction of people about
their opinions.
Sampling: This technique facilitates comparison between data which are previously
recorded by the organisation (Wolff and et.al., 2016). Data are based on pat functioning and
operation of Foods and Friends which will be fruitful in obtaining informations about consumer
satisfaction based over relaxation, food quality, most preferred dishes and their opinions.
Feedbacks from consumers will help in making the innovative changes in operational aspects
and applications of various techniques to give in-deft convenience (Baffour and et.al., 2016). The
mails were drop at the mail ID of individuals and they have favourably responded over such
questions.
1.3 Questionnaires
Theme: 1
Q. How frequently you would like to visit in a restaurant?
[A] Once in a month 5
[B] Once in a week 6
[C] Often visit 7
[D] Do not like to visit 2
Total respondents 20
Theme: 2
Q. What should a restaurant facilitate?
[A] Better accommodation 5
[B] Healthy environment 6
[C] Parking facilities 7
[D] Kids zone 2
3

Total respondents 20
Theme: 3
Q. What do you usually eat at a restaurant?
[A] Spaghetti 3
[B] Burger 5
[C] Pizza 7
[D] Meat preparations 5
Total respondents 20
Theme: 4
Q. What do you prefer as a convenient price for dinner?
[A] 50£ 4
[B] 80£ 5
[C] 120£ 8
[D] 160£ 3
Total respondents 20
Theme: 5
Q. Is an entertainment Zone is required in restaurant?
[A] Yes 15
[B] No 5
Total respondents 20
Theme: 6
4

Q. What do you think about music?
[A] Must be pleasant 8
[B] Orchestra needed 6
[C] There is no requirement of music in restaurant 4
[D] Old and melodious songs 2
Total respondents 20
Theme: 7
Q. What would be preferable time for breakfast service?
[A] Before 8 2
[B] After 8 5
[C] Between 9-10 9
[D] Between 10-11 4
Total respondents 20
Theme: 8
Q. What would be convenient time for serving the lunch?
[A] After 12 in noon 1
[B] After 1 4
[C] Between 1-2 5
[D] Between 2-4 10
Total respondents 20
Theme: 9
Q. What would be right time for serving dinner?
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[A] Before 8 3
[B] After 8 6
[C] Between 8-10 9
[D] Between 11-12 2
Total respondents 20
Theme: 10
Q. Is there need for roof top facilities?
[A] Yes 12
[B] No 4
[C] May be, as per climate conditions 4
Total respondents 20
Theme: 11
Q. What do you think about making payments?
[A] Digital transaction 10
[B] Offline Payments 6
[C] Both 4
Total respondents 20
Theme: 12
Q. On which part a restaurant should focus?
[A] Food quality 7
[B] Use of fresh ingredients 7
[C] Good ambience 2
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[D] Peaceful environment 4
Total respondents 20
2.1 Business decision making based on Data Collection
Theme: 1 As per theme 20 respondents has showed their views towards their visiting in
restaurants. Majority goes with the 7 individuals who frequently visited restaurants and like to
eat food outside their home. 5 were monthly visits, 6 would like to go weekly and only 2 people
do not like to have restaurant meals.
Theme: 2 Responses generated over the facilities should be offered by restaurants,
majority of 7 people goes with parking facility, 5 prefer accommodation must be better, 6
chooses environment must be clean and healthy and 2 individuals think that there must be kids
zone.
Theme: 3 Respondents were asked about their choices or preferences regarding dishes
they usually preferred in an restaurant. There are several choices of each individuals pizza is
being liked by 7 people, spaghetti by 3, burger by 5 and meat preparations by 5. Here Food for
Friends must choose skilled and talented chefs for the better preparations of meals.
Theme: 4 Convenient and affordable prices were asked to 20 individuals about dinner. 4
preferred 50£, 5 chooses 80, 3 said 160 but the majority goes with 120 as the most suitable price
for the course of dinner.
Theme: 5 Question asked to 20 respondents which is about entertainment facilities to be
provided in the organisation. Majority goes in favour as 15 said yes in this context. Only 5
people said there is no need of such artefact. Food for Friends must look at the requirements of
entertainments such as games, television and various activities which will engage people in
organisation.
Theme: 6 Consumers preferences regarding facilitating music in Food for Friends must
be pleasant as said by 8 people. There must be orchestra band who will play live music is
preferred by 6. 4 said there is no need of music as they like to be in peace. Only 2 people goes
with old and melodious songs.
Theme: 7 Satisfactory time to be asked for breakfast 2 preferred it will be before 8 in
morning, 5 says it will be after 8. majority of 9 goes with the time between 9-10 as this is the
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peak time for an individual to get ready and heading towards offices or their work. 4 reposes
between 10-11. Food for Friends must considered the serving of breakfast will be at acceptable
time by consumers.
Theme: 8 A convenient time for serving lunch 1 preferred after 1, 4 said after 1 and 5
said between 1-2. majority of choice by 10 people they choose 2-4 is the perfect time for Food
for Friends to serve lunch (Joos, Piotroski and Srinivasan, 2016).
Theme: 9 Question asked about the favourable time to serve the dinner. Majority of
respondents have answered to 8-10 is the perfect time for them for having lunch (Scheffler,
Schiele and Horn, 2016).
Theme: 10 preference of 12 individuals regarding the facility of restaurant to have the
roof top restaurants they have said it will good to have meal at open place (Cronk, 2016).
Theme: 11 The preferred mode of payment to be asked to the respondents they
maximum people like to make digital payments (Grecequet and et.al., 2017). As it reflects that
there is need to install new upgraded technologies for such transactions.
Theme: 12 As per the question it is to be asked to various individuals regarding on
which part a restaurant must be good there is equal majority given to food quality and use of
fresh ingredients (Yeang, Clopton and Tsimikas, 2016).
2.2 Statistical Calculations
Year Sales Profit
2007 1400 350
2008 1480 390
2009 1550 440
2010 1690 470
2011 1540 430
2012 1560 450
2013 1700 550
2014 1820 580
8

2015 1900 620
2016 2160 650
2017 2350 680
Sales Profit
Mean
1740.90909
09091 510
Standard Error
89.2540250
73
33.5206856
081
Median 1690 470
Mode #N/A #N/A
Sample Variance
87629.0909
09091 12360
Kurtosis
0.40164224
25
-
1.36384463
92
Skewness
1.06261628
21
0.21667048
4
Range 950 330
Minimum 1400 350
Maximum 2350 680
Sum 19150 5610
Count 11 11
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Interpretation: The data can be based on the 10 years of sales and profit generated by
Foods and Friends (Agyei and Voogt, 2016). There may be down fall at some times but the
restaurant managed quality of food that has given it strength in survival (Henseler, Ringle and
Sarstedt, 2016).
Mean: This said to be known as the average of provided informations (Willoughby and
Teare, 2017). As per the sales or profit generated by Food for Friends their respective mean is
1740.91 and 510.
Mode: The repetition of a particular component is known as mode (Jean, Ware and
Gamble, 2016). Here in sale and profit of Food for Friends there is no such repetition of any data
so it has neutral value.
Median: Median is said to be known as the most mid value of data series (Olson and Wu,
2017). As per the data generated for the sales and profit of Food for Friends the median is 1690
and 470.
2.3 Measures of dispersion
Standard deviation: It is used for measuring the data to analyse the variations between
given information (Saldanha, Mithasand Krishnan, 2017). Calculation is based over sales and
profit of Foods and Friends. Their standard deviation is 296.02 and 111.17.
Standard Deviation 296.02 111.17
2.4 Correlation coefficient, Quartile and Percentile
Quartile: Quartile is said to be the gathering the 3 component of data into 4 equal parts
(Mowbray and et.al., 2017). The calculation of Quartile for the period of 10 years of sales and
profit of Food for Friends is respectively as Q1 is 1545 and 435, Q2 is 1695 and 510, Q3 is 1880
and 610.
Quartile:1 1545 435
Quartile:2 1695 510
Quartile:3 1880 610
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Percentile: Percentile over sales and profit of Food for Friends can be analysed on the
various percentages such as 25th is 1545 and 435, 50th 1695 and 510 and for the 75th percentile it
is 1880 and 610.
25th 1545 435
50th 1695 510
75th 1880 610
Correlation coefficient: It is a method to find out the relationship between two and more
variables in a statistical data (Hu, and et. al., 2016). Here, as per data of sales and profit for Food
for Friends has the correlation of 0.95.
correlation 0.95
TASK 2
3.1 Calculation shown in graphs
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Sales
Profit
Interpretation: As per the graph it can be interpreted that Food for Friends will going to
have favourable growth in future. The profit gained by this restaurants as per the data based on
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10 years of observation. It can be said business has earned positive revenue as compare with its
sales. It describes that organisation is able to meet its cost occurred on serving the society as well
as make good financial gains.
3.2 Trend lines
Interpretation: As per the trend line graph based on the sales and revenue generated by
food for friends in 10 years. The line goes in upward direction which indicates that policies and
strategies made by the managers are effective. Increase in sales and simultaneously increase in
profits shows the capability of restaurant in meeting all expenditures and having positive results.
3.3 Business presentation
Enclosed in PPT
3.4 Formal report to Food and Friend's director
To,
The board of directors
[Food for Friends]
Sir,
Restaurant has acquired a good image in market an is being appreciated by various
critics in new paper and social media. The quality of services and food served to consumers is
having the good responses from their side (Alexakos and et.al., 2016). Our team of professional
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has done to good job in surveying several individuals to fetch informations regarding their
choices, preferences and budgeted expenditure they can afford to have a good quality meal in
our restaurant. Data were analysed, than plans were made and implicated in operational process.
It comes with the favourable outcomes as it can be said that the decisions were accurate and
giving the positive results to us.
Thanks and Regards
Operating Manager,
[Food for Friends ]
TASK 3
4.1 Implementation of information processing tool
Making a decision which will have efficient results in future are the prime requirements
of an organisations which can be possible only through best and authenticated informations.
There must be better communication between employees and seniors of Food for Friends
(Church, Schmidt and Smedley, 2017). There will be various ways of processing systems for an
information in restaurant:
Transaction Processing: This method of processing information is based on the
monetary transactions had in restaurant. It includes collection of data, record of employees such
as their personal information, pay-offs and than these data will be analysed and effective solution
can be generated. Records will be related with sales made by Food for Friends, supply of raw
material and the processing costs.
Decision support system: Managers and heads of Foods and Friends will be able to take
corrective decisions which is in regards with financial condition of restaurant and the market
position. It can be a fruitful tool for implementing favourable changes as to improve productivity
and profitability in restaurant.
Management information system: This method facilitate management in implementing
changes as to encourage the managerial operations in Food for Friends. Thus, these techniques
are helpful in having adequate control over the internal as well as external environment of
restaurant. For the new launch and installation of restaurants there should be better
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communication channels on which the data or information can be reach to the decision makers
such managers and owners.
4.2 Project plan with critical path
Critical path =
A: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8
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Duration: 15 + 1 0+ 14 + 6 + 8 + 14 + 7 + 10
= 84 days
B: 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8
Duration: 15 + 1 0+ 14 + 8 + 14 + 7 + 10
= 78 days
C: 1 + 2 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8
Duration: 15 + 1 0+ 14 + 6 + 8 + 14 + 7 + 10
= 70 days
Interpretation: As per the plans made by organisational professionals on the basis of
such critical paths. Firm should follow least days of plan of 70 days must be followed as to meet
the work complete.
4.3 Various financial tool for decision making
Interpretation: As per the above calculations for IRR of Food for Friends. It can be said
that there is requirement for the initial start-up of restaurant which amounted 19000 as an
investment (Mertler and Reinhart, 2016). For the 4 years of observation the organisation has
earning for 50000, 64000, 8800 and 70000. on which the IRR is being calculated for 9.94%
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Interpretation:The profit volume of Food For Friends can be calculated at 12% rate for 4
years is 0.89, 0.8, 0.71, 0.64 respectively (Neuendorf, 2016). The present value of these years are
4464, 51020, 41283, 4486 with the total measured by subtracting investment and the net present
value is (8567) a negative.
CONCLUSION
As per the above report it can be concluded that Food For Friends have made various
surveys at different locations in UK in consideration with starting a secondary restaurant chain.
Informations have been generated through primary and secondary sources such as accessing
social media, asking questionnaire and taking interview of various individuals. With the use of
financial tools data will be collected as per sales and profit of restaurant based on 10 years of
observation. Further it can be said for the better decision making the organisational professional
made surveys in UK market it took 37 days to fetch information and make corrective decisions.
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