Analysis of UK Business Law and Dispute Resolution

The assignment delves into the UK's common law tradition, explaining how judicial models form a significant source of law. It also discusses the process of law-making and how various acts influence businesses. The document explores different dispute resolution methods, including termination of contract, rescue from insolvency, and liquidation, providing insights into company and employee laws.

Unit 7
Business Law

Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Scenario 1...................................................................................................................................4
LO1 Explanation of the nature of legal system..........................................................................4
Explanation of different sources of law..................................................................................4
Explanation of the role of the government in law-making and how statutory and common
law is applied in the justice courts..........................................................................................6
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the legal system in terms of recent reforms and
developments..........................................................................................................................8
LO2 Illustrate the potential impact of the law on a business.....................................................9
Illustrating how company, employment and contract law has a potential impact on the
business...................................................................................................................................9
Differentiate between legislation, regulations and standards to analyse potential impacts
upon business........................................................................................................................12
Providing a coherent and critical evaluation of the legal system and law, with evidence
drawn from a range of different relevant examples to support judgements.........................13
Scenario 2.................................................................................................................................14
LO3 Examine the formation of different types of business organisations...............................14
Explore how different types of business organisations are legally formed..........................14
Explain how business organizations are managed and formed............................................16
Assess the advantages and disadvantages of the formation of different types of business
organisations.........................................................................................................................18
Critically review and evaluate types of business organisations...........................................20
LO4 Recommend appropriate legal solutions to resolve areas of dispute...............................21
Recommend legal solutions for resolving a range of disputes using example to demonstrate
how a party might obtain legal advice and support..............................................................21
Compare and contrast different sources of legal advice and support for dispute resolution.
..............................................................................................................................................23

Evaluate the effectiveness of legal solutions, legal advice and support for dispute
resolution..............................................................................................................................24
Conclusion................................................................................................................................25
References................................................................................................................................26

Introduction
Based on diverse tradition and different culture, English law has been developed. Decisions
presented by the prior justices are recognised as the laws in England as well as Wales. The
roots of various laws and acts are described with the method of law-making from the House
of Commons. Recent improvements in laws and various acts are also represented. Finally,
how numerous company act, labour act etc. produce attractions over the market and
variations among standards, legislation, as well as regulation from the different perception of
businesses, are also illustrated.

Scenario 1
LO1 Explanation of the nature of legal system
Explanation of different sources of law.
In the UK, law is generally developed based on common tradition. Through the judgments of
justices in the claims caused before by a system of 'judge-made' law which has continuously
matured over the ages. In English legal practice, these judicial models are a significant source
of law. The law has been arranged or orderly collected to form a faithful body of legal
practices in these countries.
Legislation, Common law, European Union law and the Equity Law are the four major
origins of the UK law. No particular group of reports or papers carries the entirety of the law
of the UK.
Legislation
Through the legislature, different laws are shaped as well as designed. For this reason, we call
it Legislation. Acts of Parliament are the most significant portions of the legislation.
The UK Parliament is considered as the main legislation. It has the ability to pass and hold
laws which will be implemented in all four countries. UK's parliament is formed by two
different entities. One is the House of Commons and the other is the House of Lords
(MacIntyre, 2018).
The House of Commons has 650 Members which are also known as MPs. The contestant
with the highest amount of votes is chosen as MP for that constituency and each person of the
country has the right of one vote. Each MP represents a fixed geographic area.
With almost 800 peers, the House of Lords has been formed where the Queen choose 600
formally by the recommendations of the Prime Minister. The rest members are designated by
different titles such as "Lord" or "Lady". Generally, senior bishops of the Church of England
are given this title.

Common law
Common law is formed from the constitutional practices which empower the judges to
consider the decisions of facts, social customs as well as government guidance during
judgement. An example of common law is a command that a judge did that states that people
have a responsibility to understand obligations and promises. The legal system of England
and Wales is a common law one, so the judgments made by different courts become a frame
of the law.
European Union Law
EU laws are lighted from several treaties and are the primary law of the EU. Laws which are
created from different objectives of the treaties are considered as the secondary law.
Maintaining proper parliamentary system, almost all of the EU laws are selected and accepted
in the council of the EU which is represented by approximately 28 countries. The
Commission proposes a parliamentary recommendation to the Parliament and Council, who
must accept on the text in order for it to convert EU law. The UK is still a Member of the
European Union so that the EU law is also considered all over the UK (MacIntyre, 2018).
Equity Law
The word "equity" introduces to a special set of remedies and associated methods included in
civil law. These equitable policies and systems are separated from "constitutional" items. A
court will typically grant equitable solutions when a legal solution is inadequate or
incomplete.

Public Bills are considered as the most common form of bills in the UK. Cabinet ministers
introduce this law to the public. When the bill is introduced by other members of the
assembly, then it will be known as Private Members' Bills.
These bills are introduced in the House of Commons as well as the House of Lords. A cabinet
minister of the House of Commons can also involve in introducing bills. These bills can
reflect the political nature of the ruling party (Coffin, 2016).
First reading
Through first reading, the parliamentary system commences a simple custom in two Houses.
Second reading
After the formal first reading, second reading starts. A cabinet minister introduces this in the
House of Commons. Opposition parties can also share their opinions.
A bill goes constantly through the committee steps where the opposition parties can stay
against it. Generally, the government is not questioned in the second reading. (Coffin, 2016).
Committee stage
After the second reading, a standing committee is created to examine the bills. Generally,
approximately 20 MPs form a committee which is known as a standing committee. A portion
from the Chairperson's panel chair this step. Moreover, these members are encouraged to
offer fresh bills. These bills lead the company to a fruitful result.
i) Bills of having significant representative importance, such as those approving the
Treaties of different organisations.
ii) Bills that must be transferred very punctually.
iii) Uncontroversial bills are expected to have a very short committee stage (Mullick,
2018).
iv) Private Members’ Bills which are not wanted to be questioned at any step.

Report stage
The committee must have to report the decision the bill within two weeks after having an
investigation to the whole of the House of Commons. All other members have the rights to
raise amendment. Although the bill stage is very much expensive, it is expected to be
completed before any kind of formal debate.
Third reading
It is the final draft of the bill. In this stage, the bill can be amended considerably in the house.
The Bill needs to be forwarded to the other House where the entire scheme is replicated after
transferring into the previous steps. Both Houses must accept the acts. It can be a remarkably
costly procedure if the cannot parallel with each other (Coffin, 2016).
The Royal Assent
It is the last stage of procuring a bill in the UK. The Queen of Great Britain provides it when
all other stages in the parliament of both houses are accomplished. It is a formality which has
been maintained since 1707. This bill is directed to control limitations as well as to regulate
different issues (Mullick, 2018).
Finally, the bill is sent to the government ministers as well as other authorities.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the legal system in terms of recent reforms and
developments.
Law reform refers to a lot of things. Most of the countries rules and regulations regarding
political, economic, as well as social life are greatly embodied in the codes of laws. Law
reform becomes essential to keep the pace with the change of society. In the UK, our
recognised system of education is the education act of 1944, may need the reform of the law.
This task is constantly accomplished by the law commission of England and Wales (Schulze
and Zoll, 2015). Many law reform organisations are legal companies fixed by governments,
though they are normally autonomous of government authority, contributing intellectual
freedom to perfectly reveal and advise on how the legislation should improve.
Generally, law reform is not left to the courts as the judges can fail to value. Recently,
criminal law revision committee is formed to investigate the Theft Act 1968. This act was
made in 1972 after a long investigation. This was partly because of the instructions which it
performed, which incorporated the cancellation of the right of quiet when a prisoner is
arrested (Schulze and Zoll, 2015). It is believed, nonetheless, that some features of the United
Kingdom practice both as regards the matter of changes in law caused or considered and in
respect of the systems developed may be of common interests.
The UK law commission has recently started to work on wedding reformation. It has aimed at
ensuring that the law will play as a vital force to protect all faiths of the couple. It also
indicates those people also, who are not connected with the current buildings-based system.
Besides, it also tries to make the marriage law more simple as well as effective. It also tries to
eliminate all irrelevant costs regarding the wedding.

Company law which is also considered as business law or enterprise law is a form of law
administering the claims, connections, and guidance of persons, groups, organizations as well
as businesses. In unusual circumstances, this may cover subjects describing corporate
governance or monetary law. The UK Corporate Governance Code, with the help of court
cases and the Insolvency Act 1986, oversees the company law. The UK company law
governs companies established following the Companies Act 2006.
After the Industrial Revolution, public companies can afford more investments, more work as
well as more resources to the UK economy. Although the UK has always given the
independence to reshape internal management, it has also made compulsory preferences as
well as responsibilities to investors (Pennington, 2017).
Company law or corporate law, whatever we say, we can break down it into two principal
departments.
Corporate governance in the UK negotiates claims & responsibilities with stockholders,
workers, lenders & directors. The board of directors controls the authority to operate a
company according to its constitution. It is a crucial issue that how a director’s liability will
be ensured. Directors owe some responsibilities to the company. The general meeting
operates a group of minimum preferences to improve the company constitution as well as
problem resolutions and discharge any discharge members.
On the other hand, corporate finance is a field that bargains with origins of funding, the
company's capital structure as well as the procedures that directors take to increase the utility
of the firm (Pennington, 2017). The main aim of corporate finance is progressing stockholder
value.

The Impact of Company Law on Business
An Ordinance on Wealth Creation: First of all, it creates a legal entity which means the
company is recognised as a different being. It can keep assets, borrow money autonomously
by debt and equity, etc. A lot of rules are surrounding a company law which can direct the
company to create wealth as well as resources, not only for itself but also for the UK.
A Pricing Device for the Investors: Company law negotiates between directors and
stockholders which back to determine the price of stocks.
Employment Law of the UK which is also known as the United Kingdom Labour Law
governs the connections among employees, managers as well as trade associations. It
maximizes the benefits of the employees and defends their rights. It holds the right to a
minimum wage of £7.83 for workers over 25-year-olds under the National Minimum Wage
Act 1998. This act also provides the right to move for child custody, the right to adjustable
operation model etc. under The Employment Rights Act 1996.
The Impact of Employment Law on Business
Employee law or labour law plays a vital role during engaging and discharging employees. In
both cases, it gives much protection to the employees. It fixes a compulsory minimum salary,
protects employee rights and during termination it offers security for a certain time (Palepu
and Healy, 2017). It also provides an outline of unemployment insurance, health insurance
etc.
English Contract Law governs contract in England & Wale. Although it has a root with
Commonwealth countries, it is quite different now. It has also a constant adjustment by the
impact of the European Union as well as other treaties.
A contract is created when a person gives an offer and another person accept it by allowing
on different terms and conditions. English law allows people ample liberty to agree to the
content of a deal. Terms in exchange are united through specific promises, by reference to
other terms or possibly through a course of dealing between two bodies (James, Shears and
Stephenson, 2018).

The Impact of Contact Law on the Business
Contract law forces the participants to only into the legitimately sound connections and it
never helps where unlawful contractual connections were built like child trafficking or selling
psychotropic items (Palepu and Healy, 2017). Consequently, contract law, as well as courts,
control the approved actions and force to fulfil the promises.
Differentiate between legislation, regulations and standards to analyse potential
impacts upon business.
Laws provide an explained formation and a fair playing field for businesses where ambiguity
and unpredictability are key characteristics. Usually, regulations are based on prior reactions
of people as well as the government.
The legislation is completely a lawful action which is regulated by the government. A council
approved by the government declare as well as determine it. It has a great influence on
business especially regarding employment, prosperity, society as well as GDP. It governs the
rights and duties of people so that balance is ensured. It doesn’t allow any kind of
discriminatory in society. It gives shelter to investors, operators as well as customers.
Moreover, Legislation presents a level playing field for businesses monitoring all sorts of
operations (Harris, 2017).
Regulation is a process by which Legislation is accomplished. It arrives from various sources,
not only the government but also private business organisations. It can be described as the
addition of legislation. For example, it is mandatory by legislation to have a sanitary in
restaurants. On the other hand, regulation encourages to keep the sanitary clean. Business
organisations play a lot of self-regulated actions in order to cope up with legislation.
Standard is formed of several characteristics such as specific techniques, rules, material,
outcomes, etc. It helps the business encouraging promotional activities. It also provides
technology and raises productivity. It also makes effective the process of the whole
management system. Standardization never breaks the protection act of safety, health as well
as the environment which is mandatory by the legislation. Following the standard form from
intentional activity but the following the regulations are mandatorily backed by the legislation
(Harris, 2017).

Legal systems focus on the rights and duties in various ways. All the three major legal
systems, civil law, common law and religious law which are obeyed all over the world. In the
UK, we can easily separate the laws in three ways. One each for England and Wales,
Scotland and Northern Ireland.
The UK's legal procedure shows that throughout the time of King Henry II, Common law
was introduced in England and Wales. He changed many local laws and imposed national
laws.
On the Contrary, Scotland has completely different and own legal methods and different
judicial system. Though it shows diversification, it has many similarities with Dutch law as
well as Roman law. For EU law-making, there occur some similar laws all over the United
Kingdom of Great Britain with little difference. As an example, we can recognise that
Scotland looks like civil orders more than English law in the matter of law related to
resources.
The acknowledged system of education is the education act of 1944 which needs the
reformation. The law commission of England, as well as Wales, work continuously to
achieve it. Besides, the government has formed many law reformation agencies. These
organisations are autonomous and intellectually freedom. They provide advice on how a
legislation should improve.

Basically, three types of businesses are popular all over the UK. These are Sole Trade,
Partnership & Limited Company. A short legal structure of the UK’s traditional business
methods is given below.
Sole Trade
Sole Trade needs minimum structure and management, that merchant is very normal for new
businesses. In this, a venture does not need certification to operate the business but the sole
operator should notify "Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs". The owner of the firm has
great liabilities for all debts as well as judicial activities. Besides, the business and the owner
have no different legal existence. (Pennington, 2017).
Private Limited Company (LTD)
It has a lawful existence and it is separate from the owner according to the perception of the
law. Here shareholders' duties and liabilities are very limited which are seemed like a
significant benefit. Shareholders' need to make investments (Schulze and Zoll, 2015). It is not
easy to disclose this type of business. Here, legal procedures are very essential.
Public Limited Company (PLC)
PLCs exist as statutory items in their own right in parallel to its individual match. Moreover,
the liability of the members is limited to their investment and the value of their shares. The
shares of a PLC can be exchanged in the public market in relating to a private limited
company and this is often used to raise finance.
Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)
LLP is considered as the legendary partnership as it provides the benefits of limited
liabilities. The intention of this partnership is to fix arrangement for the government as well
as accountancy. It is essential to have at least two members who will be accountable for the
operations of an LLP (Pennington, 2017).

Guarantee Company (Non-Profit)
This type of companies or corporations is usually not to make profits. The usually reinvest
their profit in the corporation to achieve the goals and objectives of the corporation. They are
philanthropic in nature. Here decision creators are very important than the owners.
(Pennington, 2017).
Limited Partnership
A limited partnership (LP) is acknowledged as a lawfully assigned entity at Companies
House. It consists of two or more partners, which can be somebody or corporate entities. In a
limited partnership, there are 2 sorts of partner side by side they have different functions and
duties. Each LP must hold at least one Limited Partner and one General Partner. One cannot
operate with listing limited partnerships (Palepu and Healy, 2017).

Explain how business organizations are managed and formed.
Lawyers perform vital functions to form a corporation, counselling their clients. They help
their client by providing advices and helping those finishing required documents properly.
The table given below includes report regarding all types of popular UK organisations which
are the private limited company (Ltd), general partnership, a public limited company (PLC),
limited partnership and sole proprietorship incorporating the features of responsibility of
owners, funds supplying and administration (Palepu and Healy, 2017).
Entity Liability of owners Capital contributions Management
Sole
Proprietorshi
p
Extensive own
liabilities for the debts
and other
responsibilities.
Capital is fully
provided by a sole
proprietor.
The organisation is
totally governed by
an individual.
General
Partnership
Here the partner may
lose investment but he
or she has no further
responsibilities.
All types of partners
contribute a fix
amount of money for
the business.
The board of
directors manage the
whole company
Public
Limited
Company
(PLC)
No personal liability;
liability is generally
bounded to share
participation.
The minimum share
capital of £50,000 is
raised through the
issuance of shares to
the public and/or
existing members
(Nirjar, 2018).
Company is regulated
by the board of
directors;
shareholders have no
authority to
participate in the
administration.

Limited
Partnership
Unlimited own
liabilities of the general
partners for the debts
and other
responsibilities of the
business.
Partners provide
money or services to
business; they share
profits and losses.
The associates have
same administration
rights unless they
agree with each other.
Private
Limited
Company
Unlimited personal
liabilities of the general
partners for the debts
and other
responsibilities of the
business.
Contribute money or
services to the
partnership and share
profits and losses.
The general partner
controls the business,
subject to any
limitations of the
Limited Partnership
Agreement.
Different Source of Finance in the Formation of a Business
Bank mortgages and Overdrafts
Generally, people think about banks while thinking about finance. Banks are ready in the
market to provide finance for businesses. But it is a complex procedure. On the contrary,
overdrafts are comparatively flexible than bank loans (Nirjar, 2018). An entrepreneur needs
to consider which option is the best for him and his businesses.
Savings and friends
It is very common to utilise own savings for a new start-up or businesses. It is also a popular
practice to receive help from friends as well as relatives. If anyone wants to invest, it is
essential to make a writing agreement (Mullick, 2018).
Issue of Shares
Issuing a sector is a vital way to raise money for investment. In this way, a business can raise
a huge amount of money. It will give the company financial strength to a great extent.
Venture capital
Venture capital house refers to those who invest for business shares. In this way, an
institution can accumulate a huge amount of money for their business (Mullick, 2018).
Other sources of finance
Factoring, Hire Purchase, Leasing is included as the other sources of finance.

Assess the advantages and disadvantages of the formation of different types of
business organisations.
Sole trade: It is the easiest and the most common form of business in the UK. But the owner
of this business has unlimited liabilities and risk to bear.
Advantages of a Sole Trade:
• It is easy to start this business and also easy to dissolve.
• All decisions are made by the owner. Most of the time, he or she operates most of the
operations.
• The owner receives all the profits.
• He/she faces very few regulations (Moharana and Dash, 2017).
• He/she also receive tax advantages. No corporate tax is needed to give.
Disadvantages of a Sole Trade:
• The owner has to bear all liabilities and risks.
• It is truly difficult for a single individual to generate money. The owner has to use his or
her personal savings as well as bank loans.
Partnership: In this type of businesses, there are more than one owners. They can share their
liabilities, risks, regulations, etc. with each other (MacIntyre, 2018).
Advantages of a partnership:
• It is not difficult to launch a partnership business. But a well-developed partnership
agreement is needed for sustainable business.
• It is more flexible to generate money than a sole proprietorship business.
• All incomes are considered as the partner income and no corporate taxes are needed to
provide (Moharana and Dash, 2017).
Disadvantages of a partnership:
• All partners are accountable for business operations and other risks.
• It is essential to make decisions together. Otherwise, potential disagreement will be
increased which will lead the partnership to dissolve.
Corporation: It is owned by numerous shareholders with limited liabilities and director
selected by the shareholders run the corporation (MacIntyre, 2018).

Advantages of a corporation:
• It can raise a huge amount of fund which will be beneficial for the business.
• Stockholders can easily sell their stock and leave their ownership.
• Individual owner has very little liabilities and responsibilities for the corporation
(Moharana and Dash, 2017).
Disadvantages of a Corporation:
• There occurs a lot of terms and regulations in corporations. Government agencies
strictly monitor these regulations. Moreover, it is not easy to launch or to dissolve a
corporation.
• A good amount of money has to be given to the government as corporate tax. Besides,
dividends which are given to shareholders have to be taxed again. So, in this
corporation, the tax has to be given twice (MacIntyre, 2018).

Critically review and evaluate types of business organisations.
All types of Businesses in the UK do not operate in an equal way. While selecting a type of
business, a person may wish to consider the standard which exists in the individual's
organisation or business.
For example, Advocates works are normally partnerships; Organisations with a massive
object are frequently companies and so on. For a company’s responsibilities as well as
responsibilities rely on who controls the company and the level to which those people are
accountable. For the support of our agreement, we can estimate the appearance of various
companies.
First of all, Public Limited Company is a combination of two key features. One is a public
company whose stockholder is accountable for the company’s financial liabilities, which is
relevant to their investment. And the other one is that before a PLC can start a business, it
must have allotted a minimum number of share which varies from country to country. The
difference between a Public Limited company and a Private Limited Company cannot be held
by any affiliates of the public. Instead, it will be retained by an NGO or a fairly lesser number
of the stockholder, and the company shares sale is handled privately. Now, in case of, a
company limited by Guarantee is quite unlike to the two earlier types of the limited company.
According to UK law, though exceptions can be made, these companies have to include
‘Limited’ in their names. As an example, in the case of companies that are not allotting their
profits to their associates. In case of Unlimited Company Law, the key difference between
limited and unlimited companies is that if a company goes into authorized liquidation, there
is no strict limitation on the amount of money that stockholders have to provide. Moreover,
the first thing to note about Limited Liability Partnership is that they are considered as
combined bodies that are more similar to the other sorts of company, instead, they are not
legally considered as partnerships in the UK.

The most common way of resolving disputes is Negotiation, litigation, Arbitration,
Mediation. These are described below.
Negotiation
Negotiation is always a fruitful and sustainable process. It can play a vital role to dissolve a
dispute. Although different countries have different policies, negotiation works to a great
extent.
We should consider when we face to the court:
• Avoid being provoked into an emotional response
• Don't abandon value-creating strategies
• Use time to your advantage (Harris, 2017)
Litigation
Business disputes can be solved in courts according to the constitution as well as common
laws. But these laws also give opportunities when cases are between contractual relationships
(James, Shears and Stephenson, 2018).
It is essential to consider the followings.
• The origin of both parties, their languages and background of their culture as well as
customs;
• The claim should not be so high;
• How strong their commercial relationship is and the number of their claims (Harris,
2017);
• It is also essential to consider the condition of the economic environment and the nature of
the relationship.
Arbitration
The authority of an arbitral tribunal comes from the parties’ agreement if the court has the
right to decide disputes between parties based on the constitution. The dispute cannot be
mentioned to arbitration without an agreement between the parties (James, Shears and

Stephenson, 2018). The crucial fact is that more than three-quarters countries of the world
have accepted and performed these.
We need to consider the followings:
• When one of the parties is located or originated outside of the EU;
• The proof, as well as other evidence, should be presented in English which will acceptable
for all;
• The information of disagreements should be kept confidential if the party wants;
• It should also be considered that if the parties want very quick solutions;
Mediation
Here a mediator helps for mediation when both parties agree to settle the disagreements
through the court or arbitration. A mediator is considered as an unbiased person and tries to
reach an agreement which will be acceptable for all parties. The parties will go to court if the
mediator fails (Harris, 2017).
It is essential to consider the following:
• First of all, the commercial relationship should be sound as well as healthy in spite of
having disagreements;
• Both parties wish to remain in control of the dispute resolution process and its result.

Compare and contrast different sources of legal advice and support for dispute
resolution.
Dispute resolution offers diverse options to dissolve disputes and make the commercial
relationship healthier and sound. There are many ways and we have already described
negotiation, mediation, arbitration, collaborative law, and litigation. Dispute resolution
considers both parties' interests during dissolving disputes. If we look at history, there occur
categories from negotiation, to courtroom litigation, and even to physical combat. But in the
last decade, these legal needs have been changed.
We can classify the resolution process into two ways which are adjudicatory dispute
resolution and alternative dispute resolution.
The adjudicatory method is known as litigation which involves the submission of the dispute
in question before a court of law or tribunal who acting as an independent body look for
resolving the dispute brought before it amicably either on the balance of probabilities or
beyond reasonable. It is the most usual form of judicial dispute resolution (Gupta, 2016).
On the other hand, Alternative dispute resolution (ADR), refers to a set of practices and
techniques wished for permitting the resolution of legal disputes outside the courts. It
encompasses mediation, negotiation conciliation, arbitration, and a variety of processes by
which a neutral person facilitates the resolution of legal disputes without formal adjudication.
Negotiation comprises people in dispute communicating, either by speaking or in writing, to
try to reach an agreement. It is a favourable initiative step for most types of dispute.
The other method is conciliation. In this process, a neutral person who is also known as a
conciliator helps to reach an agreement through advice as well as support. Here, the
conciliator has adequate experience of disputes and knows well how the problem will be
solved. He ensures equal opportunities for all parties and strictly act as a neutral personality.
On the contrary, arbitration is a common process where an independent third party occurs to
solve. He or she is known as the arbitrator. Here both parties, who have disagreements need
not participate properly (Coffin, 2016). Moreover, this method is generally used when other
methods don't work (Coffin, 2016). Mediators, facilitators and conciliators can provide
information and advice, but do not impose judgment about how the dispute should be
resolved. Disputes and conflicts have existed in all cultures, religions and societies since time
immemorial.

Evaluate the effectiveness of legal solutions, legal advice and support for dispute
resolution.
The most popular forms of disagreement or controversy are solved through consultation,
agreement, compromise, collaborative law, and prosecution. From the help of past events,
these methods are used to lessen disputes and even to physical conflict. Legal assistance is
very much essential to eradicate dispute from the very ordinary people to multinational
companies.
We can consider many forms as Alternative Dispute Resolution, all of which are helpful in
various ways and serve several drives. With a suitable system, they permit arguments to be
concluded. Department of the Lord Chancellors concluded that it is essential to ensure an
efficient court system which will effectively solve the disputes. Besides this department
should build self-assurance by creating different methods to solve disputes.
In 1979, the Royal Commission heard several legal cases that the court heard and collected
legal dispute data which tribunal heard in millions. Tribunals were introduced to lessen the
stresses from the courts of solving small disputes. So crucial and complex disputes will get
enough time. Moreover, it is a subject of doubt that the differences between courts and
tribunals are still unclear and there occurs a lot of debate about it. Besides the variety among
councils and the courts is practically hazy and a subject of uncertainty.
Some more solutions are described here.
Termination of Contract: There are various reasons to end a contract. First of all, if the
performance becomes impossible to be done, the contract can be concluded. Then the terms
and conditions may be broken by any of the parties which may lead to suspending the
contract. Because of any other vital matters or agreement, we can terminate the contract.
Finally, the contract will be eventually terminated if the work or terms and conditions are
properly applied.
Rescue from Insolvency: There are several ways to rescue from the insolvency. First of all,
it is essential to pay proper attention to the best customer. Priorities and extra facilities should
be given to those customers who clear invoices in time. Increasing work activities with this
type of people is also beneficial. Then it is also essential to look for new and potential
funding. Finally, cost should be cut and unnecessary and activities and employees should be
sacked.

Liquidation: It generally befalls in limited companies. Sometimes it becomes a very crucial
part of our life. There are several ways for liquidating. It is fruitful to appoint an insolvency
practitioner. Company’s asset should be determined and give priority to creditors. If any cash
occurs in the company, it should be distributed to the shareholders. Finally, certification
should be cancelled according to the law.

Conclusion
In the UK, the law is generally developed based on common tradition. Through the
judgments of justices in the claims caused before by a system of 'judge-made' law which has
continuously matured over the ages. In English legal practice, these judicial models are a
significant source of law. The law has been arranged or orderly collected to form a faithful
body of legal practices in these countries. The process of law-making is also discussed.
Besides, how various company act, employee act, etc. make influence over the business and
differences among standards, legislation, as well as regulation from the context of business,
are also illustrated.

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