Table of Contents INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1 MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1 P1DifferenttypesofEntrepreneurialVenturesandtheirrelationwithtypologyof Entrepreneurship.....................................................................................................................1 P2 Similarities and differences between entrepreneurial ventures.........................................4 P3 Impact of Micro and Small businesses on Economy........................................................6 P4 Importance of small businesses and start-ups in growth of social economy....................7 P5 Traits of Successful Entrepreneurs....................................................................................8 P6 Aspects of entrepreneurial personality reflecting entrepreneurial mind set and motivation ..............................................................................................................................................11 P7 Personal life and background that foster or hinder entrepreneurship..............................13 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................17 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................18 Books and Journals...............................................................................................................18
INTRODUCTION Small business and small entrepreneurship models include those individual entrepreneurs who carry out businesses with limited capital and resources in their hands but aspire to become global leaders with their skills and ideas. Many such successful entrepreneurs have not only fulfilled their ambitions, but also by bringing their ideas and visions before the world helped upbringing new thought process, determination, creativity and zeal in many people around the globe,especiallyinyouthwhoarefullofenergy(BylundandMcCaffrey,2017). Entrepreneurship is not only carrying a business and earning profits, but it reflects qualities of innovations, leadership and bringing some sort of social change by means of innovative contributions. In this report it has been attempted to understand different dimensions and aspects of entrepreneurship. Firstly, meaning and types of entrepreneurship followed by similarities and differences between them. Secondly, importance of small businesses and innovative start-ups on economy and society are made comprehensive. This is followed by understanding different qualities of successful entrepreneurs and how successful entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial qualities helps motivating other people in society as well. For this purpose, report have taken example of a very young successful UK based entrepreneur Mark Pearson, who is co-founder of a new age web based news and advertisement company Marcko media, started in 2006. Also, a discussion on different environmental factors fostering and hindering growth of Entrepreneurship ismade.Allthesetopics,throughbriefunderstandingprovidesholisticframeofneed, development, traits and factors of entrepreneurship. MAIN BODY P1DifferenttypesofEntrepreneurialVenturesandtheirrelationwithtypologyof Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is the complete process of developing launching and running a business by potential entrepreneurs who have idea of business in their mind and who aspires to turn that idea in reality. Entrepreneurs are not just businessmen but they have a certain will to bring societal change through their innovation. For fulfilling their goals and vision these potential entrepreneurs intends to make best use of their skills and talent, carrying out such activities which reflects best output of them as a 1
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businessman as well as leader, these are called Entrepreneurial activities. Therefore, these entrepreneurs then a give a name to their businesses, thorough which they develop products and bring it before society, also these entrepreneurs and their products are known by that name. This process of naming is called Enterprising and business entity than established is Enterprise. Though there exist many types of Entrepreneurship, report shall be discussing most common among them. Small business Entrepreneurship Small business entrepreneurship is the one where one or two individuals attempts of starting a business which is based on a very general idea of business which mostly includes no new innovations in it(Leonidou and et.al., 2018). These entrepreneurs have a tendency of leading a common life, not aim over high profits. Employees that these businesses include are entrepreneur himself or few of its local friends and family members. Small grocery shops, departmental or retail shops, medical shops, local Saloons, local Boutiques etc. are few of the examples in this type of business. Large company entrepreneurship This is that type of entrepreneurship when a business holds good amount of capital in hands to invest in business and possess new innovations. These type of companies are part of C- level executives group companies. With the help of their innovation skills these companies fulfil market demands in such a way that proves beneficial for companies by means of high profits and for consumers by means of fulfilment of their choices. Big tycoons like Microsoft, Google, Tesla etc. falls in this type of entrepreneurship. Scalable start-upentrepreneurship In these type of entrepreneurship businessmen is motivated by new ideas and innovations for meeting market demands by means of their business skills and innovation skills(Azoulay and et.al., 2020). These entrepreneurs aim at bringing such products or services, that not only attracts good profits for them but being some sort of new developments or revolution in society. Many these start-ups start in parts of technological hub in advanced countries like Silicon Valley. Examples of scalable Start-ups include Instagram, Uber etc. Innovative entrepreneurship These entrepreneurs are willing to bring new ideas and innovations in market and society through their businesses, generally in field of technologies, by which people can continuously 2
grow to make better life for themselves. Also, with these developments they inject a new order thatbecomesimpulsiveinsocietythatpeoplehavenooptionsbesidesadaptingthese developments(Kimmitt, Muñoz and Newbery, 2020). These includes Apple, YouTube etc. are example of this entrepreneurship model. Researcher entrepreneurship Researcher entrepreneursare those entrepreneurswho take their time to complete research about their business plan, status of market, competition, marketing methods, demand levels in market and future prospects of their businesses, before launching their business and entering in market. These entrepreneurs do not wish to face any difficulty while running their business operations. Differentmodelsofentrepreneurshiphavebeendevelopedinbusinessworld. Development of these models is attributed to fact of variety in requirements of consumers as well as businessmen themselves across different parts of world(Gast, Gundolf and Cesinger, 2017). Relation with entrepreneurial typology Growth typology- Growth typology comprises of those attributes of small entrepreneurship where innovators helps bringing such products in society and for customers which satisfies their needs in quicker and modern way. By bringing such innovations, developers offer most modern solutionstopastproblemsofcustomers.EntrepreneurshipmodelslikeInnovative entrepreneurship, Scalable start-ups, Research entrepreneurship and Large scale entrepreneurship are most helpful in this typology. Lifestyle typology- Lifestyle typology means when businesses or entrepreneurs develop such products which are according to new trends and changing preferences of consumers in society and which brings a change in lifestyle of consumers and users. Research entrepreneurship and innovative and large scale entrepreneurship again are efficient model in this context. Small scale entrepreneurs are important in this context to bring products of modern time for direct use to customers. 3
P2 Similarities and differences between entrepreneurial ventures SimilaritiesDifferences MotiveOnecommonmotiveshared by all type of entrepreneurship businesses is profit. They all seeks to achieve higher growth and profitability for wellbeing and survival of their business. Some businesses may aspire to seek larger growths and profits like large scale companies and Researcherentrepreneurship, whereas,smallbusiness enterpriseslookforwardfor sustainable profits. Motive of scalable start-ups are profit as wellasbringingsocial changes. Scale of operationsSimilarity is seen as each type of entrepreneurship have their consumer bases to which they aspire to satisfy. No survival is possible without market base andbusinessoperationsfor satisfying them. Differenceliesinsizeand scaleofbusinessoperations. This is evident by looking at Largescalecompaniesand Smallscalebusiness enterprises.Similarly Researcherenterpriseshave largescaleoperationsbut scalable start-ups not. Level of InnovationsEach type of entrepreneurship have some sort of innovations either in business skills or in products or services. Innovativeenterprisesand scalablestart-upshavehigh levelofinnovationsin productsandservices.Large scalecompanieshave reasonablelevels.Whereas, Smallbusinessesreflectsno 4
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new innovations in products. Differences between Serial entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs and owner-managers SimilaritiesDifferences Serial EntrepreneursThesearethoseindividuals whohaveexperienceof runningmultiplebusinesses. They would have started from any single business but with time they further progressed in several one. Theyhaveknowledgeand experience of multiple sort of businesses. Also, these people have their business skills tried andtested,thustheir competency is higher. EntrepreneursEntrepreneursareindividuals running a business. They bear most of the risks and rewards ofit.Withinnovationsand newideastheytryattaining new heights in their business. They are mostly new business persons.Theseindividuals have new ideas in their minds and attempts to bring them in reality.Levelofrisksare generally higher for them, as theyhavenoorminimal experience in business. Owner-managerTheseareindividualswho ownsandrunsabusiness, startedfromtheircreativity and innovations skills. And at thesametimetheybear responsibility of managing it, like a manager. Theseindividualsbeardual responsibility. By owning the business they hold majority of stakes. And by managing the same these individuals aligns businesstotallywiththeir vision and try to mitigate risks. 5
P3 Impact of Micro and Small businesses on Economy Micro enterprise is enterprise which operate in less number of employees and capital. They mostly fulfil demands in regional markets. Whereas, small business has little big scale of business operations and have significance in economic conditions of an area. Businesses, be it micro or small, produce and offer products as per demands of consumers, this is important for them as a business as well as it is important for economy of country. Small and micro enterprises operate in small scale operation fulfilling regional or local demands, thus their number of units can be multiple. More business units mean more employment opportunities. Other way, small businesses therefore expands tax base in economy for the Government, by offering employment opportunities and also through establishment of many business units. Through increased number of employment opportunities income level in economy also increases that further triggers more demand in economy, it also raises people's standard of living when they start consuming and using more products. Additional dynamics over business competition in local and national economy and markets are more advantages of small and micro businesses in a country's economy (Impacts of small business on UK economy,2021). UK government is seen actively supporting establishment of Small and Micro enterprises due to their multiple benefits like increasing employment, expanding tax base, triggering innovations, improving competitive spirit in market and many more in the line. By supporting micro and small enterprises, UK government is not only fulfilling economic goals of country but also helping people in getting their personal goals. 6
Source: Contribution of small businesses in UK economy, 2021 From graph, it is evident that small and micro business enterprises have very significant contribution in UK's economy, which stands no less than 99.3%, established to fulfil demands of people in country's regional and local markets. The diagram put forth that 47.8% of these business units are helpful in generating employment, which are able to secure 36.8% of turnover helpful in increasing business performances and bringing them good profits. Small businesses are very needful at this time in UK to fulfil rising employment demands which are pushed more at times of Brexit and COVID-19 pandemic. P4 Importance of small businesses and start-ups in growth of social economy Small businesses and start-ups besides levying good impact over economic prosperity in a country, also make some contributions in social manner. They, directly or indirectly, seen in bringing many changes and developments in society through creativity and new innovations as well as business operations. For getting better insights about contribution of entrepreneurs, it is important to understand what creativity and innovation means for an entrepreneur. Creativity- Creativity for an Entrepreneur is the ability to develop new ideas and concepts. It is the ability of looking at problems in different manners from other and try finding its ultimate and long term solution. For example, when problem of inadequacy of public transport was gearing 7
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problem in peoples' life, and solution was being found out from increasing public vehicles itself. Uber created idea of providing at door cab services to people. Innovation- Innovation is an entrepreneur is ability to apply creative solutions to problems. The idea of solution developed in creative mind to find solution of problem is made realistic through creative and new manner of solutions, proving beneficial for all. Like, for providing at door services of cab, Uber developed an online application. Through this customers can order cab over one click and choose vehicle mode of their convenience. Also, those who wish to run their vehicles can do so creating a simple account and provide details of vehicles over same application. Hence solution for all was found out on a single platform. Important contributions of Entrepreneurs are discussed in report: Rise in standard of living- Small businesses provides lots of opportunities through employment andincome,especiallyinsemi-urbanregionandruralregion.Smallbusinessesoffer employment to local populations and also uses services of these areas helpful in business activities(Gielnik, Bledow and Stark, 2020). This way small businesses helps raising income level and standard of living in two ways, one by providing direct employment and second by making procurements from local markets. Also, these businesses help raising standard of living of people in semi-urban areas by offering variety of products developed by them through their innovations. Brings new innovations in market-Entrepreneurs of Small businesses and start-ups are full of new ideas in their minds and new innovations which they are willing to turn into reality so their efforts could bring a new change in society and prevailing social order by providing people more efficient and quicker ways of fulfilling their own needs(Zakieva and et.al., 2019). For example, Uber identified requirements of people to avoid delays and discomfort caused to them by public transport facilities, therefore this business came up with the idea of online cabs and taxi bookings which brings customers taxi direct on their location. Customer make booking by following simple process on online application. This not only saved time and money of people but also reduced overcrowding in public transport. P5 Traits of Successful Entrepreneurs Success of any business enterprise depends on the way its business operations are carried out and decisions made thereon. Person who has this responsibility is called Entrepreneur. These entrepreneurs are people in possession of good skill-sets of innovation as well as business, ability 8
to take risks and leadership qualities(Srinivasan and Venkatraman, 2018). Many successful entrepreneurs thus have made strong examples in society by rising their business from nothing to small to become big business tycoons, by efficiently using their skills and talents. This report has attempted to discuss these traits and qualities that are possessed by successful entrepreneurs to have good insights about them. For this purpose, instance of a young and successful entrepreneur Mark Pearson is taken in report. Mark Pearson is the founder of Marcko media, a fast growing global web based marketing and advertisement company founded in 2006. Company is currently operating as UK's biggest voucher and deal network. A discussion on what traits and qualities of Mark Pearson have credited this success of Marcko media is made in report as follows. 9 Illustration 2: OCEAN Theory of Personality
Vision-Successful entrepreneurs like Mark person have this quality in common that they always keep one eye on the big picture of what they want their business to become one day in future. Keeping eye over future plans do not allows these entrepreneurs to deviate from their goals and objectives. Also it allows them to make all of their decisions in the alignment of these goals so they can pave their way easily up to these goals by removing difficulties one by one and building their success step by step. Versatility- Versatility is the attitude of these businessmen to make adaptation to changes posed by growing markets and other developments in business environments is such way that they can make timely and efficient use of different opportunities and threats posed by such developments can be timely avoided. These entrepreneurs do not make delays because delays can make threats danger to the business when it will become too big to bear, ultimately affecting survival of business itself(Douglas, Shepherd and Prentice, 2020). Likewise, it was done by Mark Pearson that when entrepreneur saw benefits bought by digital revolution and entire world was choosing to go digital in global sense, good forecast of future marketing needs of businesses was made by Mark Pearson. Risk tolerance- Every entrepreneur either possess this quality or have to inculcate this within them, but this trait is pre-requisite for any business in the world. There is a famous saying in business world “No risk no gain”, meaning if businessmen are not willing to take risk they cannot gain anything. Reason is that risk make new gateways to open for business environment, due to which new opportunities comes in way, which can either or not prove favourable for business. But if entrepreneur decide to keep rigid attitude, do not take risk, one day its ideas will become obsolete and business will lose competitive edge in market. Decisiveness- This is another quality seen most common among all entrepreneurs that they are decisive in attitude towards a situation or circumstance bought to them. These entrepreneurs do not fear in taking decisions, do not worry about whether it will be more or less successful in business terms. They analyse situations, take overview from any similar development in past, maketheirowninterpretationsandtakethedecision.Sometimes,itisalsoseenthat entrepreneurs bother about repercussions after taking the decision, this is normally seen when they have to make decisions in hustle. Mark Pearson have noted this quality helping him not just in professional life but personal life also. 10
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Collaborations- Successful entrepreneurs are seen working with many other partners in business hand in hand, and seeking growth in such way that not just benefit them but others as well. They try seeking growth for all and faith for themselves. Through collaborations, Mark Pearson claimed,that one gets many valuable advicesfrom others and many lessons from their experiences. This diverge views of an entrepreneur, its outlook and insights about business. In this context Mark Pearson mentions that “The best advice I could give any young entrepreneur trying to succeed is to seek advice from others. Get your business on social networking sites and engage with other industries.” Motivation- Entrepreneurswho havezealto succeedand arehard-working,alwaysstay motivated and passionate about their dreams, goals and vision of business future. Due to this they attract tremendous positive ideas in their mind which eventually gets reflected in their natural attitude. With help of this, these entrepreneurs are able to motivate their employees as well in such a way that this changes employee's outlook towards life, perception towards different problems and help developing such attitude in them as well. Mark Pearson believes that simple and good ideas with motivation can lead everybody good life and enables them to solve any problem in life. P6 Aspects of entrepreneurial personality reflecting entrepreneurial mind set and motivation Under this part of the report it has been studied that how individual personality of successful entrepreneurs like Mark Pearson helps other individuals also in motivation and encouragement(Boldureanu and et.al., 2020). This is manner in which these entrepreneurs become successful examples for others where their knowledge, experiences and insights helps motivating others in pursuit of endeavours. For this purpose, OCEAN theory of personality would be really helpful in achieving good understanding of this matter. OCEAN is an acronym forfivemajorpersonalitytraitsofsuccessfulentrepreneurs,theseareOpenness, Conscientiousness,Extroversion,Agreeableness,andNeuroticism.Thereportshallbe developing understanding by studying each one separately in relation with individual personality of young and successful entrepreneur Mark Pearson. Openness- This trait of entrepreneurs deals with their quality of imaginations, creative thinking, insights, being adventurous and eager to learn new things in life which is existing in the world. New knowledge and learnings of meaningful things is seen exciting successful people always. Mark Pearson have also shown tremendous interests in new learning so it can be usedin 11
building their dreams, seek new opportunity offered thereon and help imparting this knowledge to others also, making others acquainted with new knowledge and how it can better be used by them, in order to motivate and encourage others and push up their well-being. Conscientiousness- Successful entrepreneurs are always pioneer of this quality and encourages others also in cultivating this in them. Mark Pearson advocated this trait and noted its importance to live a healthy, peaceful and organized lifestyle. Standard features in this trait includes high thoughtfulness,organizingandplanningone'slifestyle,followingasetschedule,paying attention to details of every matter and prioritising their work order. As per Mark Pearson, by this people can keep their mind calm, plan important works accordingly and finish them in time and most importantly this quality helps in leading a balanced life. Extroversion- This trait is reflective of the attitude of socialisation, talkativeness, assertiveness and excitement. People possessing this quality enjoys being centre of attention in gatherings and also they feel energised between people. This was noted by Mark Pearson where entrepreneur encouraged people to meet people of different mind-set and seek advices from them, learning from their good and bad experiences can help one avoid making similar mistakes and this also enhance good outlook and improves righteousness in decisions. Agreeableness- This trait has attributes of pro-social behaviours like trust, kindness, empathy, altruism and similar attributes. This trait is seen very common among successful entrepreneurs like Mark Pearson for gaining trust of others as well as showing trust in others. This helps in being cooperative rather than being competitive which may eventually lead to becoming manipulative. Cooperation, joining hands with others in getting things done rightly deriving collective benefits to all is key to success and this is basic trait of entrepreneurship. Neuroticism- Neuroticism is the trait that reflects emotional instability of and individual. Under the OCEAN theory of personality traits, this is only trait where it is suggested to keep low possession, otherwise in every other trait one should have high qualities. Emotional instability leads to anxiety and overthinking, which is not good for becoming successful entrepreneur. Their emotional instability can have negative implications over every other associated person to them and over organisational functioning as whole also(Putra and Cho, 2019). Thus it is better suggested by entrepreneurs like Mark Pearson, time to time for being more resilient emotionally. In this manner, it is better emphasised how personalities of successful entrepreneurs benefit them and motivate others also in developing successful attitude also. Qualities like 12
Creativity, conscientiousness, socialisation, cooperation and emotional stability can lead anyone to achieve success and become good human being too. P7 Personal life and background that foster or hinder entrepreneurship On any individual a strong imprints of personal experiences in life are seen in its activities, mind sets and decisions. An entrepreneur though cultivates its entrepreneurship qualities by learnings, diversifying its intellects, meeting new people and seeking good advices from them and keeping oneself highly informed about every development going in socio- economic and political environment. But, at the same time, an entrepreneur's experiences from past education, incidents of life, experience from initial entrepreneurial businesses and family background as well is seen shaping its decisions, values, attitude towards risk management and other people, communication skills and socialisation practices in professional life as well. Thus it becomes important to understand impacts of background and personal experiences on skills, valuesanddecisionsofentrepreneurbecausetheyholdcriticalimportanceinlifeof entrepreneursaswellassameisreflectedbeforethatsectionofsocietywhichthese entrepreneurs influence(Balan and Rege, 2017). For this purpose, report has taken three important aspects of personal life of an entrepreneur, Family background, Education and Entrepreneurial experiences in past, to develop an understanding of impacts of personal life mattersover professionallife.Report havecontinuedinstanceof Mark Pearson for this understanding also as how refuge, accompanying his mother and sister at that time, role of his mother and sister in shaping his ideas, dropping out school at early age and many more personal experiences helped him becoming a successful entrepreneur at this time. Family Background- Family background of an individual have impacts on shaping its moral values, ideas, outlook towards different subjects and people. Environment bin family shapes the mind of a parson at the earliest age of life and in this age scientists says about 95% of brain development is done already. Thus what one learns or observe at this stage lasts forever in mind. In context of entrepreneur, one who belongs to entrepreneurial family will find it easy to develop those insights and qualities more quickly than one who make deliberated steps in cultivating those qualities. However this is a reward for an Entrepreneur for belonging to businesses family background. There are also some risks of not having this background or having but being unable to cultivate quality of Entrepreneurship. There areexamples where individuals had long age traditions of family businesses but they failed at their chances, lacking compatibility in skills. 13
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This comes most of the times when an individual could not find anything else to pursue but family business. Also, risks are higher for individuals with non-business background as they have to learn everything from beginning and lacking experience they have higher chances of failing. This was the case with Mark Pearson, who had no entrepreneurial family background but rather spent most of his life in refuge with his mother and sister. Those experiences may have bought difficulties in Mark's life but shaped his thoughts and ideas in such way where he became more compassionate, cooperative, positive and one possessing very good communication skills. Partly credit is given by Mark to his mother and sister for role they played in his life. Education level- Education plays more or less similar role that is played by family background in developing one's attitude and personality. Difference is that family background have more emotional and intangible impact, whereas education brings a tangible and academic impact. Good learnings in school, familiarising good books, gaining knowledge of all subjects and including education standards in profile helps one in diversifying knowledge and becoming intelligent. As a reward, for an entrepreneur it is important as firstly one gain knowledge of different subjects, as in modern time businesses requires integration of all knowledge together. Secondly it helps building an entrepreneur profile which offers good impression. However, there is a risk that one who attains knowledge of different subjects may lack in innovation and creativity, which is utmost important for entrepreneurship. Highly qualified people may make efficient employees necessary but may not be entrepreneurs. Another risk is through high level of education individuals are seen becoming over ambitious. Without observing actual talent in them they think they can master everything in world. Therefore risk of failing becomes higher in such cases also. Risks Mark Pearson had left school at age of 16 only. That clearly shows education had not so much role in his life. But he sought job at young age after winning a nationwide cooking competition. Entrepreneurial experiences- An Entrepreneurs experiences from past business are the most influential in shaping its ideas and decisions. Reward is if one has had a good and successful experience in past businesses, then one is seen more flexible, adaptive, risk tolerant and quick decision maker in followed businesses. Whereas, failure and downfall makes one reluctant, hesitating, rigid and defensive, which is not good and very riskier for an entrepreneur in running abusinesssuccessfully.Reluctancebecomesriskieratitnarrowsdownapproachand entrepreneur becomes defensive in seeking new opportunities. Mark Pearson started his career at 14
early age, after dropping school and winning nationwide cooking competition as he had to support his family. Later he got a small loan within family and started successful chain of restaurants on his own. Pearson learnt about marketing skills and other business tactics while running a company which sold fresh rose petals. After all these successful experiences, Pearson developed risk taking and innovative attitude which led him launching successful and one of the most flourishing online marketing and advertisement site from a room only just at the age of 26. However, there are many other factors within and beyond personal life and background that affects idea of entrepreneurship its growth and development. But, the impacts levied by personal experiences have emotional aspects and thus are more long lasting and strong. They reflect in every walk of life and every decision of life. Risks and Rewards of Business start-ups Investing in start-ups is a risky task. Start-ups are propounded by business entrepreneurs who are new in the field. Also, they comes with new ideas and products. Therefore, risk in this contextalsoincreases,thatwhetherproductwillsuccessfullyperforminmarket.When, investments, strategy and efforts work good in market, it is considered reward, and if not then it generate risk for start-up. Report have discussed risks and rewards for business start-up in brief as follows: Risks It is most unlikely that, a start-up company funded will make in Initial Public Offer (IPO). Start-up companies are in the idea phase and they do not have working revenue system, customer base and other drivers of growth of company. Securing funds for investments are challenging.Big commitments required to initiate new business and take it to heights may pose health risks over new Entrepreneur. Rewards It helps an individual to make realise their own ideas into practical world. This derives satisfaction to individual entrepreneur. It is helpful in eradicating many negative situations of life like unemployment, low income, wasting talent etc. 15
It also results in satisfaction of contributing in society through new products and various other opportunities, and setting inspirations for potential entrepreneurs looking forward for successful entrepreneurs. Developing positive attitude through increased responsiveness and leadership qualities. 16
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CONCLUSION Therefore, it can be concluded that Small businesses and entrepreneurship have very crucial importance in society, economy and over life of people in many ways. For society they are helpful in bringing new innovations, businesses and such techniques which can bring good examples and those developments that are efficient and quicker and offers many simple solutions to complicated problems and raising standard of living. For economy they are helpful in bringing employment opportunities, diversification of products and markets, aiding other big businesses and industrial units etc. In context of impressions over life of people Successful entrepreneurs helps motivating potential entrepreneurs through their qualitative traits, providing them valuable advices, guidance, suggestions and many other useful insights which shows them directed path towards their goals. By the time many type of entrepreneurial models has emerged which further supports potential entrepreneurs in adopting suitable type of entrepreneurship model according to their vision, capital and skills. 17
REFERENCES Books and Journals Bylund,P.L.andMcCaffrey,M.,2017.Atheoryofentrepreneurshipandinstitutional uncertainty.Journal of Business Venturing, 32(5). pp.461-475. Leonidou,E.andet.al.,2018.Anintegrativeframeworkofstakeholderengagementfor innovationmanagementandentrepreneurshipdevelopment.JournalofBusiness Research. Azoulay, P. and et.al., 2020. Age and high-growth entrepreneurship.American Economic Review: Insights, 2(1). pp.65-82. Kimmitt, J., Muñoz, P. and Newbery, R., 2020. Poverty and the varieties of entrepreneurship in the pursuit of prosperity.Journal of Business Venturing, 35(4). p.105939. Gast, J., Gundolf, K. and Cesinger, B., 2017. Doing business in a green way: A systematic review of the ecological sustainability entrepreneurship literature and future research directions.Journal of Cleaner Production, 147. pp.44-56. Stuetzer, M. amd et.al., 2018. Entrepreneurship culture, knowledge spillovers and the growth of regions.Regional Studies, 52(5). pp.608-618. Ryff, C. D., 2019. Entrepreneurship and eudaimonic well-being: Five venues for new science. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(4). pp.646-663. Kuratko,D.F.,2017.Corporateentrepreneurship2.0:researchdevelopmentandfuture directions.Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship, 13(6). pp.441-490. Wennberg, K. and Anderson, B. S., 2020. Enhancing the exploration and communication of quantitative entrepreneurship research.Journal of Business Venturing,35(3). p.105938. Gielnik, M. M., Bledow, R. and Stark, M. S., 2020. A dynamic account of self-efficacy in entrepreneurship.Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(5). p.487. Zakieva, R. R. and et.al., 2019. The significance of studying legal protection of rights on innovativecreations:Thecaseofentrepreneurshipeducation.Journalof Entrepreneurship Education, 22(3). pp.1-11. Srinivasan, A. and Venkatraman, N., 2018. Entrepreneurship in digital platforms: A network‐ centric view.Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 12(1). pp.54-71. Douglas, E. J., Shepherd, D. A. and Prentice, C., 2020. Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis for a finer-grained understanding of entrepreneurship.Journal of Business Venturing, 35(1). p.105970. Boldureanu, G. and et.al., 2020. Entrepreneurship education through successful entrepreneurial models in higher education institutions.Sustainability, 12(3). p.1267. Putra, E. D. and Cho, S., 2019. Characteristics of small business leadership from employees’ perspective: A qualitative study.International Journal of Hospitality Management, 78. pp.36-46. Online ImpactsofsmallbusinessonUKeconomy.2021.(Online).Availablethrough: <https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/switzerland-covid-19-coronavirus-small- business-loans-recession-economy/> 18