Urban Tourism in Cambridge: A Resident Perspective

This research project investigates the impact of urban tourism on the city of Cambridge, focusing on the perspectives of local residents. Through a survey of residents, the study explores both the positive and negative impacts of tourism, including economic growth, job creation, environmental concerns, and cultural preservation. The findings provide valuable insights into the complex relationship between urban tourism and local communities, highlighting the need for sustainable tourism practices that balance economic benefits with the well-being of residents.

Urban tourism
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................3
1.1 Background......................................................................................................................3
1.2 Aim...................................................................................................................................3
1.3 Objective..........................................................................................................................3
1.4 Research Questions:.........................................................................................................4
1.5 Case Study........................................................................................................................4
2. Literature review....................................................................................................................5
2.1 Definition of urban tourism..............................................................................................5
2.2 The demand and supply relationships of urban tourism..................................................5
2.3 Current debates.................................................................................................................6
2.4 City type that Cambridge fits in (tourist-historic city) and related features of tourism in
this type of city.......................................................................................................................6
3 Methodology...........................................................................................................................8
3.2 Research approach...........................................................................................................8
3.3 Research method..............................................................................................................8
4 Results and discussion.......................................................................................................10
4.1 FINDINGS.....................................................................................................................10
Chapter 5 Discussion................................................................................................................10
4.2 DISCUSSION................................................................................................................15
5. Conclusion............................................................................................................................26
6 References.............................................................................................................................27
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1 Introduction
The urbanization is a process in which the population moves from the rural to the urban area.
In the current world, the population and economical growth of the urban area is growing side
by side. The urban cities have achieved a better social mileage, political and economical
progress in comparison with the rural areas. The urbanization gives birth to the
industrialization, commercialization, employment, modernization to benefit the society. In
this context, the urban tourism is the term, which describes the multiple tourist activities in
which a city is the main tourist destination. The urban destination offers a heterogeneous
range of architectural, technological, social, cultural and natural experiences to the tourist. In
a word, the dynamic development of the unban tourism is the source of employment and
business growth.
1.1 Background
The city of Cambridge is situated beside the River Cam, which is the evidence of human
settlement since the Bronze Age (Preston, 2011). The city is an inland port, which provides
the access to the North Sea and the Continent via the River Cam, Wash and Ouse. The
Roman settlement is the main reason to make the city a historic one. Several excavations
enrich the historical essence of the city in order to make Cambridge one of the most eminent
historical cities of England. Nowadays, Cambridge becomes a perfect blend of old and new
culture to attract the international tourist. However, the residents of the city are facing several
positive and negative effect of this tourism. The increasing number of visitors is flourishing
the economical condition of the city. On the other hand, the increasing number of tourist is
decreasing the hygienic level of the surroundings. Therefore, the massive gathering of the
tourist is causing several obstacles in the lifestyle of the residents of Cambridge city.
1.2 Aim
The aim of the research project is to find out the pros and cons of Urban Tourism in
Cambridge from the perspective of the resident.
1.3 Objective
The main objectives of the research project are –
 To investigate the possible impact of urban tourism in Cambridge city
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 To identify the impact of tourism in the Cambridge city from the point of view of the
local resident
 To analyze the perspective of the residents of Cambridge city and draw suitable
conclusion
1.4 Research Questions:
The research questions are helpful to establish the research project.
 What are the possible impacts of urban tourism in Cambridge city?
 What are the impacts of urban tourism on Cambridge city from the perspective of the
residents?
 What are the viewpoints of the residents towards the growing tourism in the city?
1.5 Case Study
The city of Cambridge is full of historical places, which is the main reason to grab the
attention of the global and domestic tourist. The Cambridge courtroom, Castle Mound,
School of Pythagoras, King’s College chapel are the famous tourist spot. The urban tourism
of Cambridge is growing rapidly. At present, Cambridge is the most populated city, which is
overcrowded with the tourist. This rapid growth of the urban tourism has opened several
opportunities for the local residents. The increasing rate of employment and revenue are
rejuvenating the economy of the country. The local business growth enriches the living of the
residents. On the other hand, the massive gathering of the tourist is generating the suffocated
environment for the residents. They are facing congestion and pollution due to the increasing
number of tourists. The research project is to discuss the impact of urban tourism of the
residents of Cambridge.
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2. Literature review
2.1 Definition of urban tourism
The urban tourism mingles the values, cultures, experiences and expectation of the tourist and
the residents. At the early stage of nineteenth century, the term ‘urban tourism’ comes into
the content of research field. According to the viewpoint of Spirou (2011), the urban cities
are the blending of multiple communities and cultures besides the strong economic condition.
The urban tourism encompasses the industry, which markets and manages multiple products
and experiences to the people who have a wide range of preferences, motivations and cultural
perspectives in order to involve them in a single chain. From the view point of González
(2011), the primary elements of the urban tourism are leisure setting, socio-cultural features,
amusements, sports facilities, and the secondary elements are the local and international
business related to this industry. The users of this urban tourism services are the tourist and
the local residents. On the other hand, the historical places of the urban city are the resources.
In this context, the holidaymakers, local visitors, residents, and city worker are the linkage
between these service users and the resources of urban tourism. The urban tourism
interconnects the city with the tourism sector. The global tourism closely entangled with the
trajectories of urbanization and urban transformation.
2.2 The demand and supply relationships of urban tourism
The actual demand of the urban tourism depends on the psychological, political, geographic,
and economic factor of the locality. The renowned scholar Gössling et al. (2012) commented
that the demand of the urban tourism includes the planned demand, a lot of expenditure,
intangibility of the purchase, elasticity of the price, seasonality of the destination. The
components of the urban tourism supply comprise infrastructure, attractions, superstructure,
marketing, and promotion of the destined site. The infrastructure refers to the
telecommunication, transport and accommodation of the destination. On the other hand,
George and Booyens, (2014) stated that the museums, natural parks and other historical
places are the major components of supply chain. The marketing and promotion of the
destination is the link between the demand generating origin and the supply-receiving
tourists. The demand of the urban tourism depends on the perception of the tourist
destination, which puts them to plan a visit in the destination. The digitalization is facilitating
the future tourist to gain the knowledge about the destination with the help of feedback and
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sharing of the experiences of the past visitors. The media plays the vital role to determine the
demand and supply chain of the urban tourism. With the help of branding, the marketers
generate the positive image of the tourist destination in order to increase the potentiality of
the tourist. In this context, the government of the country takes some initiatives to create the
positive image of the tourist destinations towards the international tourist.
2.3 Current debates
Currently, the city tourism is the most important topic, which arising the debates about the
environmental quality and population density. The understanding of the urban tourism and its
progress becomes the integrated debate in the current tourism. The popular critics Ashworth
and Page (2011) stated that the challenges of the urban tourism are to rethink the models,
assumptions and frameworks of the prevailing arena of the social essence. In this context, the
urban tourism is significant to the sustainable growth of current economy and the
development of the systematic structure of understanding. The main reason of this
remarkable gathering of tourist in the city is the multifunctional facility of the urban tourism.
The renowned researcher Füller and Michel (2014) commented that the theoretical
understanding of urban tourism is now becomes an irony. The critical debate has taken place
on the extent that the well-established quantum of urban tourism analysis is there to assist the
understanding and development of the modern society. The multidisciplinary nature of urban
tourism remains weakly connected with the conceptual and theoretical perspective. However,
Mowforth and Munt (2015) stated that the worldwide cities are functioning as the gateway to
the national tourism system, enhancing the urban tourism of several destinations. The
competition among the urban tourist destinations is the most challenging threat to cut down
the revenue of the national urban tourism of the particular country. Therefore, the interlinked
among the urban destinations have the potentiality to generate the progressive revenue of the
country.
2.4 City type that Cambridge fits in (tourist-historic city) and related features of
tourism in this type of city
The urban tourism cities comprise different types of cities. The resort city of urban tourism
refers to the place where the tourist visits for the entertainment purpose. Ashworth (2013)
stated that the leisurely pursuits like shopping, recreation and other enjoyments are available
in this type of resort city. Generally, the resort city grows around the highly dense area in
order to gain the profit. On the other hand, the post-industrial city is newly added to the urban
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tourism sector. This type of city is full of industrial heritage and the major portion of the
tourist belongs to the business sector. The tour operators use this post-industrial city as the
best effective place for the marketing and promotion of their organization. Glasgow is
awarded in 1999 as the ‘UK city of Architecture’. Therefore, the world city of urban tourism
is to incorporate all type of tourist city. The world cities are enriched with the multi-
functionality, rich infrastructure, which are enough to grab the attention of the urban tourist.
The last one is the tourist historic city, which is the best representative of the historical
culture of the country. Cohen-Hattab (2013) commented that the historic cities are small in
nature and compacted with small buildings and narrow streets. The heritage building and the
organic atmosphere are the major attraction of the tourist historic cities. The city of
Cambridge is the famous historic city for tourists in the UK. The city possesses the unique
and ancient architecture, which is to present the historical essence of the city. The Audley
End House & Gardens, Cambridge American Cemetery, Ely Cathedral, The Fitzwilliam
Museum are the major evidence of the heritage and culture of ancient period. The existence
of historical aspects is enough to depict the city of Cambridge as the historic city.
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3 Methodology
3.1 Introduction
This study is to attain the sustainable plan to increase the arrival of the urban tourists in the
Cambridge city of United Kingdom. The methodology is to identify the areas of the research
paper, where the improvement is required. However, this study delves in studying the impact
of the residents to cater the excessive influx of the international tourist in the city of
Cambridge. Moreover, the methodology involved the primary data collections method, in
order to gather the reaction of the resident of this urban tourism in the city. Thus, the study
aims to obtain the unbiased output about the perception of resident people regarding the
impact of urban tourism.
3.2 Research approach
The determination of the research approach is vital to understand the data collection and data
analysis method. The research approach comprises two different sections such as inductive
research approach and deductive data approach (Ruiz-Ballesteros, 2011). The inductive data
approach is generally associated with the qualitative research using the research questions to
narrow the scope of the study. The inductive research approach is concerned with the new
theory based data to understand the individual robustness, emergence, and dynamics toward
the topic. On the other hand, the deductive research approach refers to the pre-specified
outcome, based on the quantitative research process in order to obtain the disseminate
findings. The deductive research approach is suitable to conduct this research study.
However, the deductive research approach provides the possibility to link the concept and the
variables of the impact of the residents to establish the scope for the generalize research
findings. This approach reduces the risk factor to get the biased report on the topic.
3.3 Research method
The data collection method is the core part of the research methodology. The primary data
collection method is the gathering of a set of data from the first hand sources like interview,
direct observation, survey and questionnaires. On the other hand, the secondary data
collection method gathers the data from the existing written documents. In this research
study, the primary data collection method is the suited one to gather the appropriate
information about the positive and negative impact of the growing urban tourism in the city
of Cambridge (Williams, 2011). The primary data collection method is consisting of
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observation; interview over telephone or face to face, questionnaires and others. The primary
data collection method may conduct with qualitative and quantitative data research process.
3.4 Data analysis techniques
The data analysis technique is to analyze the collected data in order to obtain the research
finding. Qualitative data analysis technique aims to address ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the topic in
an open-ended manner (Buckley, 2012). On the other hand, the quantitative data analysis
technique aims to address the ‘what’ content of the program. The quantitative data analysis
technique is used to gather the necessary information from the residents of the city of
Cambridge. However, this data analysis technique is a systematic approach to employ the
survey (Santana-Gallego et al., 2011). The quantitative data collection method focuses on the
residents’ perception over the increase in the influx of tourist and collected data over ten
responses of the complete survey.
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4 Results and discussion
4.1 FINDINGS
1. Specify your gender
Options Responses Total responses Percentage
Female 4 10 40
Male 6 10 60
Others 2 10 20
2. To which age group do you belong?
Options Responses Total responses Percentage
20-30 6 10 60
31-41 8 10 80
above 42 9 10 90
3. What according to you are the impacts of the urban tourism in Cambridge?
Options Responses Total responses Percentage
Reduced
unemployment
8 10 80
Growth of the cottage
and the ancillary
industry
6 10 60
Adverse impacts on
the environment
7 10 70
Impacts on the 6 10 60
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originality of the
place
4. Do you think that the culture and the society of Cambridge are greatly affected by these?
Options Responses Total responses Percentage
yes 9 10 90
no 3 10 30
may be 4 10 40
5. Are you satisfied with the positive impacts of the urban tourism existing in your place?
Options Responses Total responses Percentage
Highly satisfied 7 10 70
Satisfied 8 10 80
Neutral 4 10 40
Dis satisfied 3 10 30
Highly dissatisfied 1 10 10
6. According to you what are the factors that have contributed towards the overall
development of urban tourism of the place?
Options Responses Total responses Percentage
historic monuments 9 10 90
scenic beauty 8 10 80
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effective
infrastructure
6 10 60
good lodging
facilities
7 10 70
7. How far do you agree that Urban tourism has positive impacts on the local business of
the historical city of Cambridge?
Options Responses Total responses Percentage
Highly agree 8 10 80
agree 9 10 90
Neutral 6 10 60
disagree 3 10 30
Highly Disagree 2 10 20
8. How far do you agree that the increasing demand of urban tourism has created job
opportunity for the residents of Cambridge?
Options Responses Total responses Percentage
Highly agree 8 10 80
agree 8 10 80
Neutral 5 10 50
disagree 1 10 10
Highly Disagree 1 10 10
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9. Do you think that the urban tourism is effective enough in bringing about remarkable
changes in the employment ratio of the place?
Options Responses Total responses Percentage
Highly agree 8 10 80
agree 7 10 70
Neutral 8 10 80
disagree 3 10 30
Highly Disagree 1 10 10
10. Do you think that the natural environment is affected by the increasing Urban Tourism
of Cambridge?
Options Responses Total responses Percentage
Yes 9 10 90
No 2 10 20
may be 4 10 40
11. Do you agree that the Urban tourism in Cambridge has played a pivotal role in
developing the ancillary and the cottage industries of the place?
Options Responses Total responses Percentage
Highly agree 7 10 70
agree 8 10 80
Neutral 6 10 60
disagree 2 10 20
Highly Disagree 3 10 30
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12. Do you think that the role that is taken by the government is effective enough in
promoting the Urban Tourism of Cambridge?
Options Responses Total responses Percentage
Highly agree 5 10 50
agree 6 10 60
Neutral 6 10 60
disagree 7 10 70
Highly Disagree 8 10 80
13. Are the promotional events that are held in this regard are effective enough in
promoting the urban tourism of Cambridge in the global market?
Options Responses Total responses Percentage
Yes 5 10 50
no 5 10 50
may be 6 10 60
14. What are the negative impacts of urban tourism in Cambridge?
Options Responses Total responses Percentage
environmental
impacts
9 10 90
poor maintenance of
the historical
monuments
8 10 80
effecting the natural 8 10 80
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beauty of the place
15. Are these factors detrimental for maintaining the originality of the place?
Options Responses Total responses Percentage
Yes 5 10 50
no 6 10 60
May be 4 10 40
4.2 Discussion
1. Specify your gender
Gender
Female
Male
Others
Figure 1: Gender of the respondents
Discussion: According to the above graphical presentation, it is to be said that, the gender
ratio of the residents of city of Cambridge is of fifty percent male members and another fifty
percent belongs to the female and others in 3:1 ratio.
2. To which age group do you belong?
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20-30 31-41 above 42
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Age
Age
Figure 2: Age of the respondents
Discussion: the report of this data analysis is to describe the age ratio of the residents of city
of Cambridge, which is to present that the residents who responses to the survey report is
majorly belongs to the senior citizen. The result clearly shows that the seniors are the serious
respondents toward this tourism sector.
3. What according to you are the impacts of the urban tourism in Cambridge?
Impacts
Reduced unemployment
Growth of the cottage and the
ancillary industry
Adverse impacts on the
environment
Impacts on the originality of the
place
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Figure 3: Impacts of the respondents
Discussion: According to the above data analysis, it is to be said that the growth of the urban
tourism has opened the job opportunities, and the r growth in the city of Cambridge. In a
word, the urban tourism has significant impact on the residents of the city.
4. Do you think that the culture and the society of Cambridge are greatly affected by these?
Impacts on culture and society
yes
no
may be
Figure 4: Impacts on culture and society of the respondents
Discussion according to the graphical presentation , the viewpoint of the residents clearly
showed that the massive gathering of the tourist in the city of Cambridge has a vast impact in
the society and culture of the city.
5. Are you satisfied with the positive impacts of the urban tourism existing in your place?
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The positive impacts of the urban tourism
Highly satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dis satisfied
Highly dissatisfied
Figure 5: The positive impacts of the urban tourism of the respondents
Discussion from the above data analysis, it is to be stated that the urban tourism has greatly
changed the city with several growth and improvement. Major portion of the residents are
happy with the positive impact of the urban tourism in the city of Cambridge.
6. According to you what are the factors that have contributed towards the overall
development of urban tourism of the place?
Factors for over all development
historic monuments
scenic beauty
effective infrastructure
good lodging facilities
Figure 6: Factors for over all development of the respondents
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Discussion The above data analysis is presents the factors, which involved in the
development of urban tourism. In this case, the mingling of the above mentioned four factors
are responsible to bring the increase in the influx of the tourist.
7.How far do you agree that Urban tourism has positive impacts on the local business of
the historical city of Cambridge?
positive impacts on the local business
Highly agree
agree
Neutral
disagree
Highly Disagree
Figure 7: The positive impacts on the local business of the respondents
Discussion this data analysis is to present the economical growth of the city of Cambridge.
The positive impact of the urban tourism is major concern of the residents.
8. How far do you agree that the increasing demand of urban tourism has created job
opportunity for the residents of Cambridge?
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Job opportunities
Highly agree
agree
Neutral
disagree
Highly Disagree
Figure 8: job opportunities of the respondents
Discussion The data analysis is presented that the residents are majorly agreed with the job
opportunities of the residents for the urban tourism.
9. Do you think that the urban tourism is effective enough in bringing about remarkable
changes in the employment ratio of the place?
Employment ratio
Highly agree
agree
Neutral
disagree
Highly Disagree
Figure 9: employment ratio of the respondents
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Discussion the data analyse stated that the employment ratio of the city has grown up with
this tourism service.
10. Do you think that the natural environment is affected by the increasing Urban Tourism
of Cambridge?
Natural environment affected
Yes
No
may be
Figure 10: The view of the respondents on natural environment
Discussion the massive increase of the tourist is threatening the natural environment.
Therefore, the respondents showed their response towards this degradation if the natural
essence of the place.
11. Do you agree that the Urban tourism in Cambridge has played a pivotal role in
developing the ancillary and the cottage industries of the place?
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The development of the ancillary and the
cottage industries
Highly agree
agree
Neutral
disagree
Highly Disagree
Figure 11: the development of the ancillary and the cottage industries in the city of
Cambridge.
Discussion the above mentioned graphical data analysis clearly shows that the major portion
of the residents are agreed with the development of ancillary and cottage industry.
12. Do you think that the role that is taken by the government is effective enough in
promoting the Urban Tourism of Cambridge?
Government's initiatives
Highly agree
agree
Neutral
disagree
Highly Disagree
Figure 12: the viewpoint of the respondents on the Government's initiatives
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Discussion this data analysis did not get the major response in any section. Therefore, the
government has taken many initiatives in this section, but the slackness of eth employee are
responsible to use it.
13. Are the promotional events that are held in this regard are effective enough in
promoting the urban tourism of Cambridge in the global market?
Thepromotional events
Yes
no
may be
Figure 13: the promotional events of urban tourism and the viewpoint of the
respondents
Discussion: the data analysis report of the promotional events discloses the balancing
responses of the residents. It shows that the promotional events of the urban tourism is varies
in different tour operators.
14. What are the negative impacts of urban tourism in Cambridge?
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Negative impacts
environmental impacts
poor maintenance of the
historical monuments
effecting the natural beauty of
the place
Figure 14: the viewpoint of the respondents on the negative impact
Discussion the urban tourism has its negative impact on environment, poor maintenance and
the natural beauty of the place. The responses of the residents are clearly shown the negative
impact of urban tourism.
15. Are these factors detrimental for maintaining the originality of the place?
Maintaining the originality of the Place
Yes
no
May be
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Figure 15: the originality of the place and the viewpoint of the respondents
Discussion this last data analysis of the research is about the maintenance of the originality of
the place. In this section, the responses present the confusion of the residents. However, the
maintenance of the authority creates this confusion with their excellent maintenance of the
heritage buildings and monuments.
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5. Conclusion
The entire research paper clearly depicts the city of Cambridge as a historic city, which is
presently generating largest percentage of revenue from the tourism service. The research
paper clearly elaborates the historical features of the city and determines the factors, which
are responsible to increase the number of tourist. The research study successfully describes
the current trend of tourism in context with the city of Cambridge. In a word, the analytical
study and in-depth comprehension of methodology describes that the urban tourism in the
city of Cambridge has flourished the financial condition of the city and contributes a large
percentage in the revenue of the country. However, the environment is affected by the
massive gathering of the tourist; the employment scope is increased with the sustainable
growth of tourism.
Linking with objective 1: To investigate the possible impact of urban tourism in Cambridge
city
The literature review is successfully describes the current trend of tourist to visit the city of
Cambridge.
Linking with objective 2: To identify the impact of tourism in the Cambridge city from
the point of view of the local resident
The data collection method of this research paper is witnessed the impact of tourism on the
residents of Cambridge.
Linking with objective 3: To analyze the perspective of the residents of Cambridge city
and draw suitable conclusion
The data analysis of eth research methodology describes the impact of urban tourism from the
viewpoint of the local residents.
The rapid growth of the urban tourism is generation the employment scope as well as eth
local business opportunities. However, the local residents are facing the adverse effect of this
rapid growth. The local government should take some initiatives to control the tourist influx
in this particular city. The local residents need to co-operate with the governmental initiatives
to maintain the environment of Cambridge city. The combined initiative of local residents
and the government can eradicate the hazardous environmental exploitation in the historical
city of Cambridge.
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