Cambridge Tourist Survey
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This assignment presents the results of a survey conducted on tourists visiting Cambridge. The survey explores various aspects of their trip, including length of stay, planned spending, awareness of local events, preferences for Cambridge attractions, and overall satisfaction. The data is presented in tabular format, showcasing frequencies and percentages for each response category. Questions also delve into traveler demographics like gender, age, and origin.
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URBAN
TOURISM
TOURISM
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................4
1.1 Introduction to Urban tourism..........................................................................................4
1.2 Background......................................................................................................................4
1.3 Case study........................................................................................................................4
1.4 Outline of report...............................................................................................................5
1.5 Research questions...........................................................................................................5
Conclusion..............................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW....................................................................................6
2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................6
2.2 Definition of Urban tourism.............................................................................................6
2.3 Demand and supply of urban tourism..............................................................................6
2.4 Current databases.............................................................................................................7
2.4 Introduction to case study................................................................................................8
2.5 Motivation and experience of tourists in historical sites..................................................8
Conclusion..............................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.......................................................................10
3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................10
3.2 Fieldwork.......................................................................................................................10
3.2.1 Sampling method........................................................................................................10
3.2.2 Data analysis...............................................................................................................10
3.2.3 Ethics/ limitation.........................................................................................................11
Conclusion............................................................................................................................11
CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION.......................................................................12
4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................12
4.2 Key findings and discussion...........................................................................................12
4.2.1 Motivation for tourism................................................................................................12
4.2.2 Tourist experience.......................................................................................................12
4.2.3 Tourist satisfaction......................................................................................................13
4.2.4 Tourist profile..............................................................................................................13
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.................................................14
5.1 Objectives.......................................................................................................................14
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................4
1.1 Introduction to Urban tourism..........................................................................................4
1.2 Background......................................................................................................................4
1.3 Case study........................................................................................................................4
1.4 Outline of report...............................................................................................................5
1.5 Research questions...........................................................................................................5
Conclusion..............................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW....................................................................................6
2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................6
2.2 Definition of Urban tourism.............................................................................................6
2.3 Demand and supply of urban tourism..............................................................................6
2.4 Current databases.............................................................................................................7
2.4 Introduction to case study................................................................................................8
2.5 Motivation and experience of tourists in historical sites..................................................8
Conclusion..............................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.......................................................................10
3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................10
3.2 Fieldwork.......................................................................................................................10
3.2.1 Sampling method........................................................................................................10
3.2.2 Data analysis...............................................................................................................10
3.2.3 Ethics/ limitation.........................................................................................................11
Conclusion............................................................................................................................11
CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION.......................................................................12
4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................12
4.2 Key findings and discussion...........................................................................................12
4.2.1 Motivation for tourism................................................................................................12
4.2.2 Tourist experience.......................................................................................................12
4.2.3 Tourist satisfaction......................................................................................................13
4.2.4 Tourist profile..............................................................................................................13
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.................................................14
5.1 Objectives.......................................................................................................................14
5.2 Recommendations..........................................................................................................14
5.3 Conclusion......................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................16
APPENDIX..............................................................................................................................19
Questionnaire.......................................................................................................................19
Findings and analysis...........................................................................................................21
5.3 Conclusion......................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................16
APPENDIX..............................................................................................................................19
Questionnaire.......................................................................................................................19
Findings and analysis...........................................................................................................21
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to Urban tourism
The tourism is an activity which involves travelling for different purposed like
business or for pleasure. The tourism can be at both levels domestically or internationally.
Earlier, people used to travel rural areas for tourism purpose so that they can visit historical
and cultural sites. While in recent times, the trend of urban tourism has increased to a great
level. The Urban tourism includes the multiple tourism activities where the chief destination
remains city areas (Ashworth and Page, 2011). The growth in tourism related to urban areas
has increased after 80s because of advancements in various infrastructures like road,
transportation and similar facilities. These have encouraged people to move forward towards
tourism in urban areas. To travel in city areas have become a lot more easier as compared to
rural areas. Besides this, it presents a cheaper option to travel in urban areas with more
comfort and advanced amenities.
1.2 Background
The trend of Urban tourism came into highlight after 80s and 90s before which there
was less number of people who were interested in travelling. Gradually, there was a trend of
high developments in the city areas which encouraged people to visit different locations for
leisure and adventure purposes (González, 2011). Besides this, the government also made an
intervention to develop these areas because of which tourism was enhanced and there was an
improvement in the economical conditions as well. City has many products that can be
offered to the tourists like museums, art galleries, entertainment services, shopping malls,
religious places, sightseeing,, leisure places etc. Thus, it can be said that Urban tourism has
great importance in present day that is beneficial for tourists as well as for country.
1.3 Case study
Cambridge is a University city located in England that is visited by a large number of
tourists each year. The city has also developed a number of locations that can attract the
visitors and draw their attention (Nunkoo and Ramkissoon, 2010). There are many beautiful
places that can easily enhance interest of tourists towards it. There are many special places in
the city which are able to bind the interest of visitors for whole day. There are University
buildings at city centre, along with mesmerizing museums, pubs, delicious street food and
many ancient colleges. Apart from this, there is a beautiful scene near riverside with large
open and lush green space where tourists can relax and take pleasure of nature closely. Some
1.1 Introduction to Urban tourism
The tourism is an activity which involves travelling for different purposed like
business or for pleasure. The tourism can be at both levels domestically or internationally.
Earlier, people used to travel rural areas for tourism purpose so that they can visit historical
and cultural sites. While in recent times, the trend of urban tourism has increased to a great
level. The Urban tourism includes the multiple tourism activities where the chief destination
remains city areas (Ashworth and Page, 2011). The growth in tourism related to urban areas
has increased after 80s because of advancements in various infrastructures like road,
transportation and similar facilities. These have encouraged people to move forward towards
tourism in urban areas. To travel in city areas have become a lot more easier as compared to
rural areas. Besides this, it presents a cheaper option to travel in urban areas with more
comfort and advanced amenities.
1.2 Background
The trend of Urban tourism came into highlight after 80s and 90s before which there
was less number of people who were interested in travelling. Gradually, there was a trend of
high developments in the city areas which encouraged people to visit different locations for
leisure and adventure purposes (González, 2011). Besides this, the government also made an
intervention to develop these areas because of which tourism was enhanced and there was an
improvement in the economical conditions as well. City has many products that can be
offered to the tourists like museums, art galleries, entertainment services, shopping malls,
religious places, sightseeing,, leisure places etc. Thus, it can be said that Urban tourism has
great importance in present day that is beneficial for tourists as well as for country.
1.3 Case study
Cambridge is a University city located in England that is visited by a large number of
tourists each year. The city has also developed a number of locations that can attract the
visitors and draw their attention (Nunkoo and Ramkissoon, 2010). There are many beautiful
places that can easily enhance interest of tourists towards it. There are many special places in
the city which are able to bind the interest of visitors for whole day. There are University
buildings at city centre, along with mesmerizing museums, pubs, delicious street food and
many ancient colleges. Apart from this, there is a beautiful scene near riverside with large
open and lush green space where tourists can relax and take pleasure of nature closely. Some
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of the famous attraction sites in Cambridge are Fitzwilliam museum, River cam for tours,
King’s college Chapel, The round Church, Wandlebury country park and many more
(Albalate and Bel, 2010). All of these sites are visited by thousands of tourists every year
with immense interest.
1.4 Outline of report
The outlining of report has been scaled by setting concrete aims and objectives which
will aid in studying deeply about Urban tourism in Cambridge city. The aim of the present
research is ‘To analyse motivation, experience and satisfaction level of tourists in Urban
areas: A case analysis of Cambridge city’. On this basis, several objectives have been
determined which are as follows:
To understand the main reason for visiting tourist historic city Cambridge
To assess visitors experience and satisfaction level at Cambridge
To assess visitors profile and their spending power at Cambridge
To provide findings and recommendations
1.5 Research questions
On the basis of aims and objectives of research some questions have been developed
which are enlisted below:
Why tourists visit Cambridge?
How satisfied/unsatisfied tourists are with their experience in Cambridge?
What kind of tourists visits Cambridge and what is their spending power?
Conclusion
The present section has given an outline of the report and it is evident that the present
research will be based on addressing Urban tourism and motivational factors for such
tourism. The selected location for this is Cambridge city of England and the report will make
a thorough study by collecting relevant information and application of research methods.
King’s college Chapel, The round Church, Wandlebury country park and many more
(Albalate and Bel, 2010). All of these sites are visited by thousands of tourists every year
with immense interest.
1.4 Outline of report
The outlining of report has been scaled by setting concrete aims and objectives which
will aid in studying deeply about Urban tourism in Cambridge city. The aim of the present
research is ‘To analyse motivation, experience and satisfaction level of tourists in Urban
areas: A case analysis of Cambridge city’. On this basis, several objectives have been
determined which are as follows:
To understand the main reason for visiting tourist historic city Cambridge
To assess visitors experience and satisfaction level at Cambridge
To assess visitors profile and their spending power at Cambridge
To provide findings and recommendations
1.5 Research questions
On the basis of aims and objectives of research some questions have been developed
which are enlisted below:
Why tourists visit Cambridge?
How satisfied/unsatisfied tourists are with their experience in Cambridge?
What kind of tourists visits Cambridge and what is their spending power?
Conclusion
The present section has given an outline of the report and it is evident that the present
research will be based on addressing Urban tourism and motivational factors for such
tourism. The selected location for this is Cambridge city of England and the report will make
a thorough study by collecting relevant information and application of research methods.
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
The literature review section in the research report makes an attempt to research the
topic with deeper analysis. In this part various researches done previously are referred along
with a reference to different articles written by various laureates. Thus, a detailed observation
is done on the topic for having a better understanding related to subject.
2.2 Definition of Urban tourism
The Urban tourism can be defined as tourist activities where the major destination for
visiting is city area. The trips can be done for various purposes by the tourists that involve
holidays, family tours, business related trips etc. The urban tourism has enhanced to a greater
level in recent years as a result of development activities in this area. According to Spirou,
(2011), the urban tourism is a great medium for the betterment of economical progress of a
country. Tourism can give substantial benefits to a country’s economic condition. But, it is
critical that the cities make varied and flexible arrangements for making tourism accessible
for visitors easily. In addition to this, there must be policies and certain frameworks under
which entire tourism related activities can be reviewed and controlled.
2.3 Demand and supply of urban tourism
The demand and supply in the field of Urban tourism depends on many factors which
are necessary to be considered. According to Cook and Ward, (2011), the demand for tourism
is highly dependent on geographical outlook which defines the demand of visitors to travel at
that place. Besides this, the tourists wish to travel at a particular place on the basis of
facilities that are available in that location. Some visitors take decision to travel according to
distance of place from their residence. However, Maitland and Newman, (2014) state that
demand of tourism products can be understood through the relationship variable between
price and quantity. There is an inverse relationship between both the variables which
attributes that with an increased price of tourism products, the demand in tourism sector tends
to drop and vice versa. In addition to this, it has been forecasted that this change in character
of demand in tourism will continue to be dynamic. It has been predicted by many experts that
in due course of time, there will be a great deal of changes in the tourism industry which will
have an impact on the role of market players. Different companies related to tourism sectors
like tour operators, hotels, travel agents etc. will tend to provide customized packages for
holidays and other trips which will aid in encouraging people for travelling (Richards, 2011).
2.1 Introduction
The literature review section in the research report makes an attempt to research the
topic with deeper analysis. In this part various researches done previously are referred along
with a reference to different articles written by various laureates. Thus, a detailed observation
is done on the topic for having a better understanding related to subject.
2.2 Definition of Urban tourism
The Urban tourism can be defined as tourist activities where the major destination for
visiting is city area. The trips can be done for various purposes by the tourists that involve
holidays, family tours, business related trips etc. The urban tourism has enhanced to a greater
level in recent years as a result of development activities in this area. According to Spirou,
(2011), the urban tourism is a great medium for the betterment of economical progress of a
country. Tourism can give substantial benefits to a country’s economic condition. But, it is
critical that the cities make varied and flexible arrangements for making tourism accessible
for visitors easily. In addition to this, there must be policies and certain frameworks under
which entire tourism related activities can be reviewed and controlled.
2.3 Demand and supply of urban tourism
The demand and supply in the field of Urban tourism depends on many factors which
are necessary to be considered. According to Cook and Ward, (2011), the demand for tourism
is highly dependent on geographical outlook which defines the demand of visitors to travel at
that place. Besides this, the tourists wish to travel at a particular place on the basis of
facilities that are available in that location. Some visitors take decision to travel according to
distance of place from their residence. However, Maitland and Newman, (2014) state that
demand of tourism products can be understood through the relationship variable between
price and quantity. There is an inverse relationship between both the variables which
attributes that with an increased price of tourism products, the demand in tourism sector tends
to drop and vice versa. In addition to this, it has been forecasted that this change in character
of demand in tourism will continue to be dynamic. It has been predicted by many experts that
in due course of time, there will be a great deal of changes in the tourism industry which will
have an impact on the role of market players. Different companies related to tourism sectors
like tour operators, hotels, travel agents etc. will tend to provide customized packages for
holidays and other trips which will aid in encouraging people for travelling (Richards, 2011).
Apart from this, different organizations will attempt to have greater market specialization and
segmentation so as to lay stress on active pass times.
In the views of Castillo-Manzano, López-Valpuesta and González-Laxe, (2011), there
are many key elements that define the supply side of urban tourism. There are many actors
who play an active role in tourism sector like tour operators, hotels, travel agencies, hire
companies etc. To affect the supply of tourism in a particular area, it is essential to have the
intervention of government and other similar parties who can aid in development of place.
Thus, provisions related to maintenance, promotion, development of infrastructural facilities
etc. must be developed so as to attract more number of people for travel and tourism purpose.
As per Markusen and Gadwa, (2010),it is crucial to sink a considerable amount of capital in
improvement of services related to tourism. The supply side of the tourism defines the way
in which different parties involve into a contractual term so as to supply goods and services
related to tourism at diverse points. Thus, the supply side of tourism explains the way in
which different elements of tourism products are kept at disposal of tourists.
2.4 Current databases
The databases and records related to urban tourism state that there has been a relevant
increase in the number of tourism activities in the city area. According to United Nations
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), UK has been the most frequently visited place in
2016. About 49.8% of international tourists arrived in UK for tourism purposes (Rogerson,
2013). The fascinating quality of natural landscapes of country attracted a large amount of
visitors to choose this place for tourism purpose.
The below graph representing the percentage of tourism purpose clearly states that
choice of people have shifted in the present days towards urban tourism. 35% of people visit
different destinations for spending their vacations. Similarly, 21% people use to travel for
tourism purpose or for visiting their friends and relatives. Remaining 23% of people use to
travel different places for their business purposes (Zhang and et.al., 2011). The increase in
number of tourism activities towards urban areas has resulted because of increasing
awareness towards this direction. As a result, various programs and policies have been
framed which encourage advancement of infrastructures, plans for easier and better travelling
mediums at lower rates, improved facilities of accommodation and entertainment
arrangements etc. Thus, the study shows positive results of development in tourism sector.
segmentation so as to lay stress on active pass times.
In the views of Castillo-Manzano, López-Valpuesta and González-Laxe, (2011), there
are many key elements that define the supply side of urban tourism. There are many actors
who play an active role in tourism sector like tour operators, hotels, travel agencies, hire
companies etc. To affect the supply of tourism in a particular area, it is essential to have the
intervention of government and other similar parties who can aid in development of place.
Thus, provisions related to maintenance, promotion, development of infrastructural facilities
etc. must be developed so as to attract more number of people for travel and tourism purpose.
As per Markusen and Gadwa, (2010),it is crucial to sink a considerable amount of capital in
improvement of services related to tourism. The supply side of the tourism defines the way
in which different parties involve into a contractual term so as to supply goods and services
related to tourism at diverse points. Thus, the supply side of tourism explains the way in
which different elements of tourism products are kept at disposal of tourists.
2.4 Current databases
The databases and records related to urban tourism state that there has been a relevant
increase in the number of tourism activities in the city area. According to United Nations
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), UK has been the most frequently visited place in
2016. About 49.8% of international tourists arrived in UK for tourism purposes (Rogerson,
2013). The fascinating quality of natural landscapes of country attracted a large amount of
visitors to choose this place for tourism purpose.
The below graph representing the percentage of tourism purpose clearly states that
choice of people have shifted in the present days towards urban tourism. 35% of people visit
different destinations for spending their vacations. Similarly, 21% people use to travel for
tourism purpose or for visiting their friends and relatives. Remaining 23% of people use to
travel different places for their business purposes (Zhang and et.al., 2011). The increase in
number of tourism activities towards urban areas has resulted because of increasing
awareness towards this direction. As a result, various programs and policies have been
framed which encourage advancement of infrastructures, plans for easier and better travelling
mediums at lower rates, improved facilities of accommodation and entertainment
arrangements etc. Thus, the study shows positive results of development in tourism sector.
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Illustration 1: Database of urban tourism
(Source: Ben-Dalia, Collins-Kreiner and Churchman, 2013)
2.4 Introduction to case study
The Cambridge is a beautiful city of England that presents a number of locations in
urban areas that can be visited by tourists for leisure. The city has developed infrastructural
facilities and it is a well known place for various famous universities. The place offers natural
beauties, museums, churches, University centres, riverside locations, etc. that are good
enough for travellers to spend some days with pleasure.
2.5 Motivation and experience of tourists in historical sites
According to Rogerson and Rogerson, (2011), there are many people who are fond of
visiting historical places and collect information about those places. One of the major reason
for this is, the historical places are rare and they present a good evidence of past happenings
which can be experienced by travellers at present. This also makes a good base for increasing
knowledge as such locations are mainly visited by scholars and students for research and
knowledge purpose. Thus, people get motivated to visit such historical sites of different
places so that information can be collected. Besides this, the urge for visiting such sites can
be related with Content theory of motivation. As per the views of Getz and Timur, (2012), the
content theory basically attempts to focus on determining the factors that motivate a person
for something. Thus, this theory tries to point out various needs that motivates for fulfilling
those requirements. Thus, in case of visiting historical sites, different people have different
needs that motivate them. The people visiting Cambridge city mostly have the motive of
(Source: Ben-Dalia, Collins-Kreiner and Churchman, 2013)
2.4 Introduction to case study
The Cambridge is a beautiful city of England that presents a number of locations in
urban areas that can be visited by tourists for leisure. The city has developed infrastructural
facilities and it is a well known place for various famous universities. The place offers natural
beauties, museums, churches, University centres, riverside locations, etc. that are good
enough for travellers to spend some days with pleasure.
2.5 Motivation and experience of tourists in historical sites
According to Rogerson and Rogerson, (2011), there are many people who are fond of
visiting historical places and collect information about those places. One of the major reason
for this is, the historical places are rare and they present a good evidence of past happenings
which can be experienced by travellers at present. This also makes a good base for increasing
knowledge as such locations are mainly visited by scholars and students for research and
knowledge purpose. Thus, people get motivated to visit such historical sites of different
places so that information can be collected. Besides this, the urge for visiting such sites can
be related with Content theory of motivation. As per the views of Getz and Timur, (2012), the
content theory basically attempts to focus on determining the factors that motivate a person
for something. Thus, this theory tries to point out various needs that motivates for fulfilling
those requirements. Thus, in case of visiting historical sites, different people have different
needs that motivate them. The people visiting Cambridge city mostly have the motive of
seeing the oldest universities present there so as to witness the sites which are connected with
some famous historical events (Ghimire, 2013).
Conclusion
The above section makes a literature review by referring different books and journals
written by various authors. As per this, it has been found that people have different motives
for visiting different places of cities. The trend of travelling urban areas have enhanced in
present time because of development in various facilities provided to the tourists.
some famous historical events (Ghimire, 2013).
Conclusion
The above section makes a literature review by referring different books and journals
written by various authors. As per this, it has been found that people have different motives
for visiting different places of cities. The trend of travelling urban areas have enhanced in
present time because of development in various facilities provided to the tourists.
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
The research methodology forms a significant part of a research project which
establishes a base for application of research tools. Through these tools, further studies are
done to reach at a proper conclusion and get effective results (Nunkoo and Ramkissoon,
2011). In current research, the deductive approach of method has been used as theories and
hypothesis which is already established has been followed. In case of Inductive approach, the
observations are made on the selected topic so as to generalise theories at the end of study.
Apart from this, the primary method of data collection has been adopted in where survey has
been performed to gather responses of visitors. For the analysis of these collected data,
qualitative method has been embraced where thematic interpretation of data will be done. The
method used for data collection and analysis helps in saving time and managing research in
more structured way (Mackey and Gass, 2015).
3.2 Fieldwork
The fieldwork was necessary in this project for collecting the responses of visitors and
knowing their opinions about motivation to come in Cambridge. Through questionnaire
survey, a better focus can be applied on a group of people for gaining the understanding
about tourists’ opinion and their satisfaction level (Kuada, 2012). For this purpose, a trip to
Cambridge was arranged on Wednesday 10/5/2017. Moreover, the meeting point was decided
at the front of Cambridge visitor centre at 11.30am.
3.2.1 Sampling method
In present research, the non probability sampling method has been adopted where all
the respondents have been chosen on random basis. The selected respondents were 18 years
above and those who can understand English properly (Danping and Lee, 2011). In addition,
there was also convenience sampling method as the all respondents were present at town
centre, market place and park. Apart from this, it was planned to approach 100 respondents
for filling questionnaire, however, only 84 of them were able to fill out the survey
questionnaire properly.
3.2.2 Data analysis
In the present research, data analysis has been represented by using Microsoft excel
programme. Thus, the collected data have been analysed by applying this tool. Along with
this, the charts and graphs have been used for detailed analysis and interpretation purpose
3.1 Introduction
The research methodology forms a significant part of a research project which
establishes a base for application of research tools. Through these tools, further studies are
done to reach at a proper conclusion and get effective results (Nunkoo and Ramkissoon,
2011). In current research, the deductive approach of method has been used as theories and
hypothesis which is already established has been followed. In case of Inductive approach, the
observations are made on the selected topic so as to generalise theories at the end of study.
Apart from this, the primary method of data collection has been adopted in where survey has
been performed to gather responses of visitors. For the analysis of these collected data,
qualitative method has been embraced where thematic interpretation of data will be done. The
method used for data collection and analysis helps in saving time and managing research in
more structured way (Mackey and Gass, 2015).
3.2 Fieldwork
The fieldwork was necessary in this project for collecting the responses of visitors and
knowing their opinions about motivation to come in Cambridge. Through questionnaire
survey, a better focus can be applied on a group of people for gaining the understanding
about tourists’ opinion and their satisfaction level (Kuada, 2012). For this purpose, a trip to
Cambridge was arranged on Wednesday 10/5/2017. Moreover, the meeting point was decided
at the front of Cambridge visitor centre at 11.30am.
3.2.1 Sampling method
In present research, the non probability sampling method has been adopted where all
the respondents have been chosen on random basis. The selected respondents were 18 years
above and those who can understand English properly (Danping and Lee, 2011). In addition,
there was also convenience sampling method as the all respondents were present at town
centre, market place and park. Apart from this, it was planned to approach 100 respondents
for filling questionnaire, however, only 84 of them were able to fill out the survey
questionnaire properly.
3.2.2 Data analysis
In the present research, data analysis has been represented by using Microsoft excel
programme. Thus, the collected data have been analysed by applying this tool. Along with
this, the charts and graphs have been used for detailed analysis and interpretation purpose
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(Wahyuni, 2012). The tables and graphs will aid in presenting the data analysis part in much
better way.
3.2.3 Ethics/ limitation
The ethics are necessary to be maintained while performing a research project so as to
maintain credibility of study. Here also, data collection, presentation, confidentiality of the
project with integrity and honesty has been maintained (Kuada, 2012). Apart from this, the
Harvard referencing style has been adopted evince the studies and researches performed by
previous authors.
Conclusion
The present section has given a description of all methods that have been applied for
researching on selected topic. The section has talked about the tools that have been
implemented for data collection and their analysis which has helped in getting knowledge
about the motivational factors that encourage visitors to come in Cambridge.
better way.
3.2.3 Ethics/ limitation
The ethics are necessary to be maintained while performing a research project so as to
maintain credibility of study. Here also, data collection, presentation, confidentiality of the
project with integrity and honesty has been maintained (Kuada, 2012). Apart from this, the
Harvard referencing style has been adopted evince the studies and researches performed by
previous authors.
Conclusion
The present section has given a description of all methods that have been applied for
researching on selected topic. The section has talked about the tools that have been
implemented for data collection and their analysis which has helped in getting knowledge
about the motivational factors that encourage visitors to come in Cambridge.
CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction
The major objective of entire research was to get the knowledge about what are the
factors that motivate tourists to visit Cambridge city. Besides this, by observing this study,
the aim was set to know the satisfaction level and experience of travellers by visiting the city
(González, 2011). Moreover, findings have been attempted to relate with literature reviews
and evaluating theories to decide whether they support or contrast entire findings.
4.2 Key findings and discussion
The survey was planned to be released among 100 visitors, but only 84 of them were
able to analyse and understand the questionnaire survey in proper manner. The results
obtained from the questionnaire have been demonstrated in the Appendix section of this
research report. However, major findings from the survey have been discussed in further
headings of this section.
4.2.1 Motivation for tourism
As per the survey conducted on visitors came to Cambridge city, it was found that the
highest number of travellers that is 23% people came to city for vacation purpose. While 21%
of them were came to attend famous events of the city. Only 10% of people visited
Cambridge for business and shopping purposes. Compared to this, 18% of them were people
who came to city for educational purposes and 19%of them were fond of cultural and
heritage sites due to which they travelled Cambridge city. This shows that each person has a
motive and a need that drives them for travelling to different places of their interest. Here, the
Content theory of motivation fits rightly that states that motivation rise within people as per
their needs for something. Thus, the need for vacations, education, business and events has
motivated different people to visit mentioned place.
4.2.2 Tourist experience
As per the data collection and its analysis, it has been found that tourists who visited
Cambridge liked it. The results show that 80%of visitors agree that they would like to visit
the city again. Among these people, 83% were really mesmerised by the beauty of city as
they are definitely going to recommend other people for visiting this place. This shows that
the Cambridge is a good city to travel for various purposes, as the travellers had a good
experience of entire location. As per the literature review, it was discovered that city has
many historical and cultural places along with delicious street food and some fascinating
4.1 Introduction
The major objective of entire research was to get the knowledge about what are the
factors that motivate tourists to visit Cambridge city. Besides this, by observing this study,
the aim was set to know the satisfaction level and experience of travellers by visiting the city
(González, 2011). Moreover, findings have been attempted to relate with literature reviews
and evaluating theories to decide whether they support or contrast entire findings.
4.2 Key findings and discussion
The survey was planned to be released among 100 visitors, but only 84 of them were
able to analyse and understand the questionnaire survey in proper manner. The results
obtained from the questionnaire have been demonstrated in the Appendix section of this
research report. However, major findings from the survey have been discussed in further
headings of this section.
4.2.1 Motivation for tourism
As per the survey conducted on visitors came to Cambridge city, it was found that the
highest number of travellers that is 23% people came to city for vacation purpose. While 21%
of them were came to attend famous events of the city. Only 10% of people visited
Cambridge for business and shopping purposes. Compared to this, 18% of them were people
who came to city for educational purposes and 19%of them were fond of cultural and
heritage sites due to which they travelled Cambridge city. This shows that each person has a
motive and a need that drives them for travelling to different places of their interest. Here, the
Content theory of motivation fits rightly that states that motivation rise within people as per
their needs for something. Thus, the need for vacations, education, business and events has
motivated different people to visit mentioned place.
4.2.2 Tourist experience
As per the data collection and its analysis, it has been found that tourists who visited
Cambridge liked it. The results show that 80%of visitors agree that they would like to visit
the city again. Among these people, 83% were really mesmerised by the beauty of city as
they are definitely going to recommend other people for visiting this place. This shows that
the Cambridge is a good city to travel for various purposes, as the travellers had a good
experience of entire location. As per the literature review, it was discovered that city has
many historical and cultural places along with delicious street food and some fascinating
events that are able to keep tourists busy for several days. The data analysis reports also show
that 30% of the visitors like beauty of this old city with various events and museums in the
town. Similarly, 10% of visitors liked the taste of street food and various restaurants as well.
Thus, more than 50% of people are ready to spend above 200GBP in this city.
4.2.3 Tourist satisfaction
The satisfaction of tourists is highly related to meeting of their expectations in all
phases from travelling to accommodation and different places of visiting. As per this, it was
found from the literature reviews that the demand and supply of tourism is inversely related
where prices of travelling increases, demands drop down. However, different players of this
industry are trying to encourage visitors through different ways like providing cheaper
packages for travelling and accommodations, better and improved infrastructures etc. The
collected data and its analysis states that visitors liked Cambridge because of which 32% of
tourists are ready to stay in the city for more than 2 days. Besides this, about 38% of visitors
are staying at hotels which show the increased preference towards hotel. Moreover, 63% of
people are aware of various events that are going to take place in the city which shows the
level of interest among people for fascinating events of the city. Thus, the entire data analysis
supports the literature review done in previous section.
4.2.4 Tourist profile
The profile of tourists who were approached for filling the survey questionnaires were
selected on random basis. Among the respondents, 67% of the travellers were international
tourists while 33% of them were domestic visitors. Similarly, the percentage of male tourists
(58%) was higher as compared to females (42%). All the selected respondents were above the
age of 18 years where the highest ratio of people (43%) was among the age of 25-34 years.
While, only 5% of the travellers who were approached for giving responses for questionnaire
were from age group of 45-54 years.
that 30% of the visitors like beauty of this old city with various events and museums in the
town. Similarly, 10% of visitors liked the taste of street food and various restaurants as well.
Thus, more than 50% of people are ready to spend above 200GBP in this city.
4.2.3 Tourist satisfaction
The satisfaction of tourists is highly related to meeting of their expectations in all
phases from travelling to accommodation and different places of visiting. As per this, it was
found from the literature reviews that the demand and supply of tourism is inversely related
where prices of travelling increases, demands drop down. However, different players of this
industry are trying to encourage visitors through different ways like providing cheaper
packages for travelling and accommodations, better and improved infrastructures etc. The
collected data and its analysis states that visitors liked Cambridge because of which 32% of
tourists are ready to stay in the city for more than 2 days. Besides this, about 38% of visitors
are staying at hotels which show the increased preference towards hotel. Moreover, 63% of
people are aware of various events that are going to take place in the city which shows the
level of interest among people for fascinating events of the city. Thus, the entire data analysis
supports the literature review done in previous section.
4.2.4 Tourist profile
The profile of tourists who were approached for filling the survey questionnaires were
selected on random basis. Among the respondents, 67% of the travellers were international
tourists while 33% of them were domestic visitors. Similarly, the percentage of male tourists
(58%) was higher as compared to females (42%). All the selected respondents were above the
age of 18 years where the highest ratio of people (43%) was among the age of 25-34 years.
While, only 5% of the travellers who were approached for giving responses for questionnaire
were from age group of 45-54 years.
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CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Objectives
The objectives set at the initial stage of research were aimed at understanding the
main reasons of tourists for visiting historic city of Cambridge. This objective was evinced in
the results obtained in data analysis as well where 19% of the travelers visited the city for
witnessing the culture and heritage of Cambridge. Similarly, the 30% travelers liked beauty
of old city. Thus, the fondness of tourists to see the historic places and culture closely
motivates them to visit mentioned place (Spirou, 2011). The satisfaction level and experience
of visitors show the positive results where it was found that 80% of people liked the city a lot
as they would love to visit here again. Moreover, 83% people are ready to recommend this
city to others as well for tourism purposes. The next objective of assessing spending power
and visitors profile have also been demonstrated in the results obtained from data collection
process. Most of the tourists were from fro foreign countries and belonged to the age of 25-34
years. The spending power of travelers is also about more than 200 GBP for the entire trip.
As per this, it is apparent that Cambridge is a beautiful city for those travelers who have more
interest towards historical places and attending various events.
5.2 Recommendations
As per the survey conducted to gain responses of travelers came to Cambridge city,
some issues were found that must be resolved for encouraging more number of tourism. The
major issue was found that 10% of people disliked the travelling throughout the city as it is a
difficult task here. Similarly, 11% of the people admitted that the events organized in city are
expensive. Thus, these issues are essential to be solved for giving more encouragement to
people for travelling. Some recommendations for these issues are as follows:
Increasing the investment by government improving the infrastructures of city and
making transportation easier and better. A separate bus or other modes of travelling
can be started especially for tourists so that difficulties in travelling can be overcome.
In addition to this, events organized in the city can be arranged in association of some
private and public sector interventions so that it can be made somewhat cheaper for
the travelers.
5.1 Objectives
The objectives set at the initial stage of research were aimed at understanding the
main reasons of tourists for visiting historic city of Cambridge. This objective was evinced in
the results obtained in data analysis as well where 19% of the travelers visited the city for
witnessing the culture and heritage of Cambridge. Similarly, the 30% travelers liked beauty
of old city. Thus, the fondness of tourists to see the historic places and culture closely
motivates them to visit mentioned place (Spirou, 2011). The satisfaction level and experience
of visitors show the positive results where it was found that 80% of people liked the city a lot
as they would love to visit here again. Moreover, 83% people are ready to recommend this
city to others as well for tourism purposes. The next objective of assessing spending power
and visitors profile have also been demonstrated in the results obtained from data collection
process. Most of the tourists were from fro foreign countries and belonged to the age of 25-34
years. The spending power of travelers is also about more than 200 GBP for the entire trip.
As per this, it is apparent that Cambridge is a beautiful city for those travelers who have more
interest towards historical places and attending various events.
5.2 Recommendations
As per the survey conducted to gain responses of travelers came to Cambridge city,
some issues were found that must be resolved for encouraging more number of tourism. The
major issue was found that 10% of people disliked the travelling throughout the city as it is a
difficult task here. Similarly, 11% of the people admitted that the events organized in city are
expensive. Thus, these issues are essential to be solved for giving more encouragement to
people for travelling. Some recommendations for these issues are as follows:
Increasing the investment by government improving the infrastructures of city and
making transportation easier and better. A separate bus or other modes of travelling
can be started especially for tourists so that difficulties in travelling can be overcome.
In addition to this, events organized in the city can be arranged in association of some
private and public sector interventions so that it can be made somewhat cheaper for
the travelers.
5.3 Conclusion
The entire research suggests that Urban tourism has a great influence over visitors as
there are many products that can be offered to travelers. Cambridge is a good city to visit as it
has the blend of various historical and cultural places along with different events that are
organized timely (Cook and Ward, 2011). This attracts a large number of people to visit the
place and take pleasure of such events. Besides this, it is an educational hub where many well
known universities are established. Thus, the number of people coming for educational
purpose is high.
The entire research suggests that Urban tourism has a great influence over visitors as
there are many products that can be offered to travelers. Cambridge is a good city to visit as it
has the blend of various historical and cultural places along with different events that are
organized timely (Cook and Ward, 2011). This attracts a large number of people to visit the
place and take pleasure of such events. Besides this, it is an educational hub where many well
known universities are established. Thus, the number of people coming for educational
purpose is high.
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paradoxes. Tourism Management, 32(1), pp.1-15.
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Castillo-Manzano, J.I., López-Valpuesta, L. and González-Laxe, F., 2011. The effects of the
LCC boom on the urban tourism fabric: The viewpoint of tourism managers. Tourism
Management, 32(5), pp.1085-1095.
Cook, I.R. and Ward, K., 2011. Trans-urban networks of learning, mega events and policy
tourism: the case of Manchester’s Commonwealth and Olympic Games projects. Urban
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Danping, L. and Lee, C.K., 2011. A review of the research methodology for the re-entrant
scheduling problem. International Journal of Production Research, 49(8), pp.2221-2242.
Getz, D. and Timur, S., 2012. 12 Stakeholder involvement in sustainable tourism: balancing
the voices. Global tourism, p.230.
Getz, D. and Timur, S., 2012. 12 Stakeholder involvement in sustainable tourism: balancing
the voices. Global tourism, pp.230.
Ghimire, K.B., 2013. The native tourist: Mass tourism within developing countries.
Routledge.
Ghimire, K.B., 2013. The native tourist: Mass tourism within developing countries.
Routledge.
Books and Journals
Albalate, D. and Bel, G., 2010. Tourism and urban public transport: Holding demand
pressure under supply constraints. Tourism Management, 31(3), pp.425-433.
Ashworth, G. and Page, S.J., 2011. Urban tourism research: Recent progress and current
paradoxes. Tourism Management, 32(1), pp.1-15.
Ben-Dalia, S., Collins-Kreiner, N. and Churchman, A., 2013. Evaluation of an urban tourism
destination. Tourism Geographies, 15(2), pp.233-249.
Castillo-Manzano, J.I., López-Valpuesta, L. and González-Laxe, F., 2011. The effects of the
LCC boom on the urban tourism fabric: The viewpoint of tourism managers. Tourism
Management, 32(5), pp.1085-1095.
Cook, I.R. and Ward, K., 2011. Trans-urban networks of learning, mega events and policy
tourism: the case of Manchester’s Commonwealth and Olympic Games projects. Urban
Studies, 48(12), pp.2519-2535.
Danping, L. and Lee, C.K., 2011. A review of the research methodology for the re-entrant
scheduling problem. International Journal of Production Research, 49(8), pp.2221-2242.
Getz, D. and Timur, S., 2012. 12 Stakeholder involvement in sustainable tourism: balancing
the voices. Global tourism, p.230.
Getz, D. and Timur, S., 2012. 12 Stakeholder involvement in sustainable tourism: balancing
the voices. Global tourism, pp.230.
Ghimire, K.B., 2013. The native tourist: Mass tourism within developing countries.
Routledge.
Ghimire, K.B., 2013. The native tourist: Mass tourism within developing countries.
Routledge.
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González, S., 2011. Bilbao and Barcelona ‘in motion’. How urban regeneration ‘models’
travel and mutate in the global flows of policy tourism. Urban Studies, 48(7), pp.1397-1418.
Kuada, J., 2012. Research methodology: A project guide for university students.
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and research agenda. Journal of planning education and research, 29(3), pp.379-391.
Nunkoo, R. and Ramkissoon, H., 2010. Small island urban tourism: a residents' perspective.
Current Issues in Tourism, 13(1), pp.37-60.
Nunkoo, R. and Ramkissoon, H., 2011. Developing a community support model for tourism.
Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), pp.964-988.
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Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), pp.964-988.
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38(4), pp.1225-1253.
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Tourism Review International, 15(1-2), pp.213-224.
Gmelch, S., 2010. Tourists and tourism: A reader. Long Grove: Waveland Press.
Rogerson, C.M., 2013. Urban tourism, economic regeneration and inclusion: Evidence from
South Africa. Local Economy, 28(2), pp.188-202.
Spirou, C., 2011. Urban tourism and urban change: cities in a global economy. Routledge.
travel and mutate in the global flows of policy tourism. Urban Studies, 48(7), pp.1397-1418.
Kuada, J., 2012. Research methodology: A project guide for university students.
Samfundslitteratur.
Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015. Second language research: Methodology and design.
Routledge.
Maitland, R. and Newman, P., 2014. World tourism cities: Developing tourism off the beaten
track. Routledge.
Markusen, A. and Gadwa, A., 2010. Arts and culture in urban or regional planning: A review
and research agenda. Journal of planning education and research, 29(3), pp.379-391.
Nunkoo, R. and Ramkissoon, H., 2010. Small island urban tourism: a residents' perspective.
Current Issues in Tourism, 13(1), pp.37-60.
Nunkoo, R. and Ramkissoon, H., 2011. Developing a community support model for tourism.
Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), pp.964-988.
Nunkoo, R. and Ramkissoon, H., 2011. Developing a community support model for tourism.
Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), pp.964-988.
Richards, G., 2011. Creativity and tourism: The state of the art. Annals of tourism research,
38(4), pp.1225-1253.
Rogerson, C.M. and Rogerson, J.M., 2011. Tourism research within the Southern African
development community: production and consumption in academic journals, 2000–2010.
Tourism Review International, 15(1-2), pp.213-224.
Gmelch, S., 2010. Tourists and tourism: A reader. Long Grove: Waveland Press.
Rogerson, C.M., 2013. Urban tourism, economic regeneration and inclusion: Evidence from
South Africa. Local Economy, 28(2), pp.188-202.
Spirou, C., 2011. Urban tourism and urban change: cities in a global economy. Routledge.
Wahyuni, D., 2012. The research design maze: Understanding paradigms, cases, methods and
methodologies.
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& information entropy–A case in the Yangtze River Delta of China. Tourism Management,
32(2), pp.443-451.
APPENDIX
Questionnaire
Questionnaire
What is the purpose of visit Cambridge today?
Business
Vacation
Shopping
Events
Culture & Heritage
Education
2. Are you staying overnight nearby? If yes please so are you staying in:
Hotel
B&B
Apartments
Not staying
3. How long are you planning to stay?
Not staying overnight
1 day
2 days or longer
5. While you are staying at Cambridge, are you aware of any local events. If yes, could you
specify please
Yes
No
If yes, please specify
5. On this day/trip how much are you planning to spend?
£50 -£100
£100- £200
£200 and more
Questionnaire
Questionnaire
What is the purpose of visit Cambridge today?
Business
Vacation
Shopping
Events
Culture & Heritage
Education
2. Are you staying overnight nearby? If yes please so are you staying in:
Hotel
B&B
Apartments
Not staying
3. How long are you planning to stay?
Not staying overnight
1 day
2 days or longer
5. While you are staying at Cambridge, are you aware of any local events. If yes, could you
specify please
Yes
No
If yes, please specify
5. On this day/trip how much are you planning to spend?
£50 -£100
£100- £200
£200 and more
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6. What do you like/ do not like about the Cambridge?
Variety of international foods, restaurants
Beautiful old town
Expensive events, museums
It is difficult to travel
Too many students with questionnaires
Other
7. Type of Traveller
Domestic
International
8. What is your gender?
Male
Female
9. What is your age?
18 to 24
25 to 34
35 to 44
45 to 54
55 or older
10. Will you visit Cambridge again?
Yes
No
11. Would you recommend Cambridge?
Yes
No
Variety of international foods, restaurants
Beautiful old town
Expensive events, museums
It is difficult to travel
Too many students with questionnaires
Other
7. Type of Traveller
Domestic
International
8. What is your gender?
Male
Female
9. What is your age?
18 to 24
25 to 34
35 to 44
45 to 54
55 or older
10. Will you visit Cambridge again?
Yes
No
11. Would you recommend Cambridge?
Yes
No
Findings and analysis
1. What is the purpose of visit Cambridge today? Frequenc
y
Percentag
e
Business 8 10
Vacation 19 23
Shopping 8 10
Events 18 21
Culture & Heritage 16 19
Education 15 18
0
5
10
15
20
25
10
23
10
21
19 18
Chart Title
Percentage
2. Are you staying overnight nearby? If yes please so are you staying
in:
Frequency Percentage
Hotel 32 38
B&B 16 19
Apartments 9 11
Not staying 25 30
· Hotel
· B&B
· Apartments
· Not staying
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
38
19
11
30
Chart Title
Percentage
3. How long are you planning to stay? Frequency Percentage
Not staying overnight 25 30
1. What is the purpose of visit Cambridge today? Frequenc
y
Percentag
e
Business 8 10
Vacation 19 23
Shopping 8 10
Events 18 21
Culture & Heritage 16 19
Education 15 18
0
5
10
15
20
25
10
23
10
21
19 18
Chart Title
Percentage
2. Are you staying overnight nearby? If yes please so are you staying
in:
Frequency Percentage
Hotel 32 38
B&B 16 19
Apartments 9 11
Not staying 25 30
· Hotel
· B&B
· Apartments
· Not staying
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
38
19
11
30
Chart Title
Percentage
3. How long are you planning to stay? Frequency Percentage
Not staying overnight 25 30
1 day 32 38
2 days or longer 27 32
30
38
32
Percentage
· Not staying overnight
· 1 day
· 2 days or longer
4. While you are staying at Cambridge, are you aware of any local events. If
yes, could you specify please
Freque
ncy
Percent
age
Yes 53 63
No 31 37
If yes, please specify 0 0
· Yes · No · If yes, please
specify
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70 63
37
0
Chart Title
Percentage
5. On this day/trip how much are you planning to spend? Frequency Percentage
£50 -£100 12 14
£100- £200 28 33
£200 and more 44 52
2 days or longer 27 32
30
38
32
Percentage
· Not staying overnight
· 1 day
· 2 days or longer
4. While you are staying at Cambridge, are you aware of any local events. If
yes, could you specify please
Freque
ncy
Percent
age
Yes 53 63
No 31 37
If yes, please specify 0 0
· Yes · No · If yes, please
specify
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70 63
37
0
Chart Title
Percentage
5. On this day/trip how much are you planning to spend? Frequency Percentage
£50 -£100 12 14
£100- £200 28 33
£200 and more 44 52
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· £50 -£100
· £100- £200
· £200 and more
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
14
33
52
Chart Title
Percentage
6. What do you like/ do not like about the Cambridge? Frequency Percentage
Variety of international foods, restaurants 8 10
Beautiful old town 25 30
Expensive events, museums 9 11
It is difficult to travel 8 10
Too many students with questionnaires 11 13
Other 13 15
10
30
11
10
13
15
Percentage
Variety of international
foods, restaurants Beautiful old town
Expensive events,
museums It is difficult to travel
Too many students with
questionnaires Other
7. Type of Traveller Frequency Percentage
Domestic 28 33
International 56 67
· £100- £200
· £200 and more
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
14
33
52
Chart Title
Percentage
6. What do you like/ do not like about the Cambridge? Frequency Percentage
Variety of international foods, restaurants 8 10
Beautiful old town 25 30
Expensive events, museums 9 11
It is difficult to travel 8 10
Too many students with questionnaires 11 13
Other 13 15
10
30
11
10
13
15
Percentage
Variety of international
foods, restaurants Beautiful old town
Expensive events,
museums It is difficult to travel
Too many students with
questionnaires Other
7. Type of Traveller Frequency Percentage
Domestic 28 33
International 56 67
Percentage
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
33
67
· International
· Domestic
8. What is your gender? Frequenc
y
Percentag
e
Male 49 58
Female 35 42
Percentage
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
58
42
· Male
· Female
9. What is your age? Frequency Percentage
18 to 24 11 13
25 to 34 36 43
35 to 44 28 33
45 to 54 4 5
55 or older 5 6
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
33
67
· International
· Domestic
8. What is your gender? Frequenc
y
Percentag
e
Male 49 58
Female 35 42
Percentage
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
58
42
· Male
· Female
9. What is your age? Frequency Percentage
18 to 24 11 13
25 to 34 36 43
35 to 44 28 33
45 to 54 4 5
55 or older 5 6
13
43
33
5 6
Percentage
· 18 to 24
· 25 to 34
· 35 to 44
· 45 to 54
· 55 or older
10. Will you visit Cambridge again? Frequenc
y
Percentag
e
Yes 67 80
No 17 20
Percentage
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
80
20
· Yes
· No
11. Would you recommend Cambridge? Frequency Percentage
Yes 70 83
No 14 17
43
33
5 6
Percentage
· 18 to 24
· 25 to 34
· 35 to 44
· 45 to 54
· 55 or older
10. Will you visit Cambridge again? Frequenc
y
Percentag
e
Yes 67 80
No 17 20
Percentage
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
80
20
· Yes
· No
11. Would you recommend Cambridge? Frequency Percentage
Yes 70 83
No 14 17
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Percentage
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
83
17
· No
· Yes
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
83
17
· No
· Yes
1 out of 26
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