Use of Cloud Technologies

The use of cloud technology in the recent age has evolved with much information shared on the cloud using physical computers and mobile phones. The cloud has been praised for so many of its advantages to its users as compared to computers themselves. With Cloud becoming limitless, cloud computing is now the technology that enables individuals and companies to share information, software and other resources over the network called the internet. The use of Cloud technology has been credited with for its fast access to information, greater flexibility, availability and optimal utilization of resources. This report will investigate, inform and advise the technical users of DTGOV of the aspects associated with the use of cloud technologies including Microservice.

Running head: USE OF CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES
Use of Cloud Technologies
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Use of Cloud Technologies
Introduction
The use of cloud technology in the recent age has evolved with much information shared on the
cloud using physical computers and mobile phones. The cloud has been praised for so many of its
advantages to its users as compared to computers themselves. With Cloud becoming limitless,
cloud computing is now the technology that enables individuals and companies to share
information, software and other resources over the network called the internet. The use of Cloud
technology has been credited with for its fast access to information, greater flexibility, availability
and optimal utilization of resources. This report will investigate, inform and advise the technical
users of DTGOV of the aspects associated with the use of cloud technologies including
Microservice.
Figure 1: DTGOV travel and accommodation application architecture
Relatively Stable Modules
From the modules in the DTGOV travel and accommodation application architecture, Search
Engine, Cart and Account Administration is categorized as relatively stable features/modules of

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Use of Cloud Technologies
the application because it guarantees no down time or crashing even if it is exposed to different
environmental parameters. It also guarantees reliability and quality even with a change in
parameters (Balalaie, Heydarnoori, & Jamshidi ,2016).
Modules Requiring Frequent Modification
The modification involves a small change in a module that qualifies or adapts it to a new purpose.
According to the architecture above, Accommodation Recommendation Engine, Travel
Recommendation Engine and the Cart Modules will require frequent modification. These modules
are the most dynamic and needs to change. The modules require Modification because it provides
the application with variations and change in the technical requirements of the users that enable
provision of suggestions and solutions of its products to them. This as a result achieves the overall
performance (Dragoni et. al,2017).
Modules that will experience workload peak
Workload peak involves the largest and highest amount of processing that an application does at a
given time. This consists of the number of tasks running on the background of the application
when it is running. Travel and Accommodation Processing Engine and Cart modules would
experience much workload because of the processing that would happen in the process when there
is booking. These modules usually interact with the user's information, and the workload happens
when there are several users connected to the application and making several requests and
applications made.

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Use of Cloud Technologies
Modules requiring Refactoring
Refactoring as a process involves the modification of the internal structure of the existing source
code without interfering with its external behavior. The process of refactoring does not write any
new functionality of the code but just improving the code itself. Modules that will require
refactoring are the ones that will experience workload peak. This includes Travel and
Accommodation Processing Engine, Account Administration and Cart. The changes in the
internal code will help to improve its functionality speed without changing how it works (Etro,
2015).
How a move to Microservice approach would resolve issues of Workload Peak
When the modules experiencing workload peak are moved to a Microservice approach would
benefit the business process and time. Microservice approach would enable modularity where
each of the modules will be further divided into small and independent services that will further
enable it to be flexible and complete. By each modules being independent, a change is made on
one module doesn't affect other services. Microservice also enables for easy scaling of the features
of the modules. For example, when adding a new feature to the existing feature, it will be easier
and faster. With a move to Microservice approach, the modules will be decentralized and enable
for reusability of each component in the module (Dragoni et al., 2017).
Microservice provides major solution to the to the problem of application workload peak. For
instance, if a change was to be made on the cart module, the updates will be faster and much
simpler, won’t take long and the chances of the breakage is lower as compared to the traditional

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Use of Cloud Technologies
method where a change would involve everybody from the User Interface team, product owners,
System developers and other team members involved for the change of the features.
Ease of understanding. Microservice brings simplicity where the developers can understand how
the modules function and thereby developing codes that will handle the workload for the
application.
Faster time. Microservice approach works best with loosely coupled services, therefore you don't
have to rewrite the entire code to modify or add a feature to an application. These small
incremental changes are best for testability and deployment, and this gives the application a
quicker market reach in terms of delivery of service to users (Guaman, Yaguachi, Samanta,
Danilo & Soto,2018).
How a Microservice approach will improve the ability to maintain high availability of
DTGOV application
Microservice approach of development involves dividing a large project into distinct modules that
communicate to each other through Application Programming Interface (API’s). Availability of
application can be improved through the following ways:
Availability of DTGOV application would involve the ability of the application to be accessible
and accessed at all time when its service is needed. Microservice technology would improve
application availability in the following ways:
To improve the ability to maintain the high availability of the application, a Microservice
approach is essential as it eliminates any single point of failure and downfall when the application
processes the user’s requests.

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Use of Cloud Technologies
Microservice approach introduces the use of asynchronous called that helps in avoiding the failure
of the requests sent by the application as a result of the failure of one service. If asynchronous
calls are used, different modules will send different information say Travel and Accommodation
Processing Engine information to a message queue, then a positive response of the information is
brought back. Other modules services will continue to operate normally therefor there is no effect
when other modules are unavailable while others are available (Feitelson, 2015).
Elimination of technology lock in. a Major praise worthy application of Microservice architecture
design is flexibility. Microservice approach provides flexibility where you can try to use a new
technology alongside the existing on individual services of the application when need arise. The
many rolling back changes made on the becomes easier, and there won't be many dependencies.
Improvement of fault isolation. The ability of Microservice to improve the availability of the
application is through isolation of fault. This means that sometimes individual modules may fail
or may fail to provide the services they are required; this architecture will not affect the entire
application like every other module of the applications will remain unaffected by the failure.
Scalability. This aspect of Microservice enables scaling up of single modules and service without
necessarily having to scale the entire mobile application unlike in monolithic approach. Critical
services can be deployed in different servers. This increases the performance and availability and
without having an impact on the performance of other services or modules.
Session Replication. Depending on the type of web server and technologies used, sessions
especially which are externalized can be replicated. This helps to avoid single points of failure in
the whole mobile application. For the replication to be successful, replication needs to be done per
request which can be affected by infrastructure and mechanisms used (Villamizar et. Al, 2015).

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Use of Cloud Technologies
Regular health checks as opposed to diagnosis is about how Microservice approach gives
appropriate messages on its current state and takes necessary actions towards the reports it gets.
An example of a health check is through upgrades mechanisms. Sometimes, modules might be
currently being unhealthy as a result of a crash in the application, and they might still be
operational. In order to improve availability, the approach is to investigate the services in the
application first and allow the Microservice time to recover (Arpaci, Kilicer & Bardakci,2105).
The architecture of the Travel Booking application
DTGOV Travel Booking
Application
API
Gateway
API
Gateway Travel Requirements Search Engine
Travel
Recommmendation
Engine
Cart
Travel
and
Accommodation
Processing
Engine
Accommodation
Recommendation
Engine
Account
Administration
API
Gateway
Travel
Requirements
Database
Search Engine
Database
Travel
Recommendation
Engine
Database
Accommodation
Recommendation
Engine
Database
Cart
Database
Travel and
Accommodation
Processing Engine
Database
Account
Administration
Database
Figure 2: DTGOV Microservice architecture

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Use of Cloud Technologies
Conclusion
As discussed above in this report, the transition from monolithic to Microservice architecture is
very vital. The report has discussed the benefits that have been brought about by the introduction
of this Microservice architecture to DTGOV application development. Microservice has shown
many benefits which can help the organization to reduce cost and time of delivering the
application services or modules to the users. The benefits include agility by breaking the
functionality of the application to small understandable modules speeding delivery time and cost.
Efficiency in terms of leveling the cost, Resiliency is achieved by dispersing functionality of the
application to eliminate the likelihood of the app failing. This results in an application that
performs without the downtime and an increase in revenue. Organizations that may look to
improve in the availability of their mobile application or systems, maximizing its revenue and
productivity and improving customer satisfaction or experience should look beyond using the old
monolithic architecture and embrace the new technology of Microsystem architecture of system
development that accommodates flexibility and agility.

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Use of Cloud Technologies
References
Arpaci, I., Kilicer, K., & Bardakci, S. (2015). Effects of security and privacy concerns on
educational use of cloud services. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 93-98.
Balalaie, A., Heydarnoori, A., & Jamshidi, P. (2016). Microservices architecture enables devops:
Migration to a cloud-native architecture. IEEE Software, 33(3), 42-52.
Dragoni, N., Giallorenzo, S., Lafuente, A. L., Mazzara, M., Montesi, F., Mustafin, R., & Safina,
L. (2017). Microservices: yesterday, today, and tomorrow. In Present and ulterior
software engineering (pp. 195-216). Springer, Cham.
Dragoni, N., Lanese, I., Larsen, S. T., Mazzara, M., Mustafin, R., & Safina, L. (2017, June).
Microservices: How to make your application scale. In International Andrei Ershov
Memorial Conference on Perspectives of System Informatics(pp. 95-104). Springer, Cham.
Etro, F. (2015). The economics of cloud computing. In Cloud Technology: Concepts,
Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 2135-2148). IGI Global.
Feitelson, D. G. (2015). Workload modeling for computer systems performance evaluation.
Cambridge University Press.
Guaman, D., Yaguachi, L., Samanta, C. C., Danilo, J. H., & Soto, F. (2018, June). Performance
evaluation in the migration process from a monolithic application to microservices.
In 2018 13th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI) (pp. 1-
8). IEEE.
Villamizar, M., Garcés, O., Castro, H., Verano, M., Salamanca, L., Casallas, R., & Gil, S. (2015,
September). Evaluating the monolithic and the microservice architecture pattern to deploy

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Use of Cloud Technologies
web applications in the cloud. In 2015 10th Computing Colombian Conference
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