Use of Materials as Waste and Waste to Enhance The Strength and Properties Of Concrete

This document discusses the use of waste materials to enhance the strength and properties of concrete. It explores the various types of waste materials, such as glass, fly ash, and recycled concrete aggregates, that can be used in construction. The study focuses on the impact on sustainability and the benefits of using waste in the construction industry. It also discusses the experimental methodology and the limitations of the research.

Use of Materials as Waste and
Waste to Enhance The
Strength and Properties Of
Concrete

Table of Contents
Topic: Using of materials as waste to increase the properties and strength of concrete.................1
1.INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................1
2. Significance of topic....................................................................................................................1
3. Aim..............................................................................................................................................2
4. Objectives....................................................................................................................................2
5. Methodology................................................................................................................................3
6. Justification of resources..............................................................................................................4
7. Impact plan...................................................................................................................................4
8. Limitations...................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

Topic: Using of materials as waste to increase the properties and strength of
concrete
1.INTRODUCTION
Leading to the modern lifestyle, among advancement of the technology has increased the
type and amount of waste which is being generated, that further leads to waste disposal crisis.
There are various type of industrial by-product and waste materials for example glass, fly ash,
recycled concrete aggregates, slag etc., has been used without and with ordinary Portland
Cement (OPC) and natural aggregates. It is not only generated in the traditional construction but
it can also be in digital construction that can be 3D printing (Fan and et.al., 2016).
The study includes trouble of waste which is being yield from the construction fields, that
is glass, demolished concrete and plastic. For deposing or reducing the least accumulation of
several types of waste, it is suggests for reusing the waste material which substitute a primary
material which can be used in ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPC). The waste material
which is to be recycled can be plastic, glass and demolished concrete. This recycling is helpful in
conserving the natural resources along with that it also help in solving a raising crisis for waste
disposal. Glass and ground plastics are replaced by 20% of fine aggregates in mixes of concrete,
whereas crushed concrete were replaced up to 20% of the coarse aggregates. The number of tests
are being conducted in laboratory for carrying out this replacement on properties of OPC mixes
test. The test includes unit weight, work ability, flexural strength, compressive strength and
indirect tensile strength. Main aim of the study revealed that three types of waste material which
can be successfully reused as the partial substitute for coarse aggregates or sand in the concrete
mixture.
2. Significance of topic
Using wastes in construction sector plays an important role as it can increase the strength
of concrete. There are several reasons which shows the importance of recycled and waste
materials. To reduce raw materials' shortage which leads to reduce cost for raw materials in one
of the main reason of using waste in construction sector. Portland cement is known as an
essential and important element of concrete whose preparation with wastes is the main reason of
1

releasing of harmful CO2 and green house gases. It is beneficial for people and organizations
(Shafigh and Yahaghi, 2016).
The other main aim and reason of selecting this topic of using wastes in construction is
improving sustainability. Sustainability is the hot topic on which several organizations are giving
attention for becoming the market leaders. Sustainability means the survival of the earth. By
using several materials as a waste and waste in construction industry to increase strength of
concrete, sustainability can be improved. It can use current population needs without hurting the
needs of the future and making an effective use of natural resources.
Wastes which is being produced by several industries can be used in the development of
new construction materials which can help the company and people to achieve sustainable
development. Concrete is obtained from natural aggregates, cement and water, compounds which
make it a cheap material and easy to produce anywhere. Construction industry use huge amount
of natural resources and it is the one whose activities are responsible for producing CO2 and
other harmful gases (Kumar, Lakhani and Tomar, 2018). But with the help of making an
effective use of technology and using wastes it can solve all these problems and can fulfil
environmental requirements and it is the main concern of this topic. It is also stated that the use
of concrete produced with 10% rubber aggregate is appropriate because it is economical and the
best way of recycling discarded tiers.
3. Aim
The main aim is to investigate major characteristics, durability, strength and life cycle of
concrete with use of the Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag(GGBS) along with waste of
rubber as aggregates and comparing with ordinary system
4. Objectives
Primary objective of the study is observing properties of concrete with the help of
recycled materials. For the replacement of cement Aluminium and GGBS is used and fine
aggregates & coarse is replaced by the waste of rubber. This target is achieved by following
properties -
 Effectiveness of by products and waste form industries should be expanded.
 Examining concrete properties which includes unite weight, slump, permeability &
strength gain rate and compressive strength.
2

 For figuring out potential of the materials which can be used in applications of civil
engineering. For example– Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Rubber
waste.
 Finding compressive strength for 7, 28, 56 days of combination.
 Evaluating and comparing results among the mentioned combination.
5. Methodology
The chapter depicts desktop study and various experiments which is being carried out in
the research for example compressive strength of concrete. Several experiments that shows that
using of wastes and recycled materials in construction industry can give strength of the concrete
and beneficial for an organization.
Desktop Study
The desktop study has been used for seeking general information, fact on the used on
historic background and recycle material, study results etc., which are presently published or
available in any of the public documents. This information can be gathered form newspaper,
libraries, websites, university and online journals.
Experiments
Experiments is the activity that shows the effectiveness of processes and the plan. Before
executing the final plan and performing activities it is important for construction industry to
perform this experiment activity (Okuno and Tanaka, 2017). The main reason of doing this
activity is to identify consequences, problems, causes, effects as well as relationship between all
components which are being used in the process of manufacturing and construction. Some
reasons and details of experiment is described as follows:
The range of recycled material in designed concrete mixture from a 50% replacement to
100% replacement in experiments.
Equipments: Several concrete testing equipments are being used in experimental process
such as: cylinder mould, carbonation, air entertainment meter, digital scale etc.
Materials: There are several concrete materials that are being used in experiment such as
slag cement, sand, rubber waste, Portland cement, silica fume etc.
Monitoring and analysis: For analysing data which are being developed by the
experimental process, MS excel is being used for making it presentable via graph and tables
(Sharma and Bharosh, 2018).
3

6. Justification of resources
Environmental crisis is considered as the biggest ethical and social issues and making an
effective use of recycled materials is the main concept that is reducing this environmental issue.
It is reducing construction wastes which directly leads to sustainability. For making this research
more effective, researcher will experiment the use of slag cement or granulated slag which is also
called as hydraulic GGBS cement (Khatib, 2016). This experiment will be done for replacing the
use of cement with the main aim of reducing uses of harmful gases like green house, CO2. Other
main reason of making experiment of GGBS is to decrease cost because cost of slag cement is
less than cement. It can give several positive impacts to consumers and industry as the whole
(Senaratne and et.al., 2016).
7. Impact plan
It is the most important part of the whole research as it shows impacts of the plan on the
environment and other activities which leads sustainability. Concrete is the most important
element that can increase sustainability because it is cheaper than other materials and also easy to
produce. For producing this material there is a requirement of very low energy because it is made
up of some plentiful resources that are available on the earth which can be recycled as well. It is
not only beneficial for construction industry and the environment but also for the local
community as it can result the low cost of housing (Özalp and et.al., 2016).
In the context of impacts it can be said that concrete give several positive impacts from
variety of groups. For example, by using all these materials like recycle rubber, slag cement in
concrete for land filling rather throwing it away. It can also reduce the cost of recycle material
that can increase the economic condition and benefit to the government. Sustainability will be
beneficial for the future generation as this reuse of materials and wastes can make the
environment clean. It will direct impact on their health as it will reduce diseases that occur due to
harmful gases. It is also beneficial at academic level as by reviewing this research, students can
increase their skills and knowledge. By using their research capability they can bring innovation
in concrete technology (Kucukvar, Egilmez and Tatari, 2016).
4

8. Limitations
In the context of limitation I can say that I face several problems. Some factors created
problem like lack of resources: Technical staff, financial resources and other equipments that are
being used for the experimental process. In addition, I feel that there is a limitation of the time
because using waste in construction sector is the vast topic in which we require performing
several activities in an affective manner. For performing all activities including research,
experiment take a lot of time and I feel limitation of time in conducting this research.
5

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Fan, C.C. and et.al., 2016. Properties of concrete incorporating fine recycled aggregates from
crushed concrete wastes. Construction and Building Materials. 112. pp.708-715.
Khatib, J. ed., 2016. Sustainability of construction materials. Woodhead Publishing.
Kucukvar, M., Egilmez, G. and Tatari, O., 2016. Life cycle assessment and optimization-based
decision analysis of construction waste recycling for a LEED-certified university
building. Sustainability. 8(1). p.89.
Kumar, R., Lakhani, R. and Tomar, P., 2018. A simple novel mix design method and properties
assessment of foamed concretes with limestone slurry waste. Journal of cleaner
production. 171. pp.1650-1663.
Okuno, K. and Tanaka, S., 2017. Activation experiment for concrete blocks using thermal
neutrons. In EPJ Web of Conferences (Vol. 153, p. 01010). EDP Sciences.
Özalp, F. and et.al., 2016. Effects of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition
wastes on mechanical and permeability properties of paving stone, kerb and concrete
pipes. Construction and Building Materials. 110. pp.17-23.
Senaratne, S. and et.al., 2016. The costs and benefits of combining recycled aggregate with steel
fibres as a sustainable, structural material. Journal of Cleaner Production. 112.
pp.2318-2327.
Shafigh, P. and Yahaghi, J., 2016. The Importance of Superplastizer Dosage in the Mix Design
of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Reinforced With Plypropylene Fiber. In MATEC
Web of Conferences (Vol. 66, p. 00020). EDP Sciences.
Sharma, R. and Bharosh, R., 2018. An Experiment of Concrete Partially Replacement of Brick
Kiln Dust.
6

7

8

9