Numeracy and ICT Skills in Research

This article discusses the importance of numeracy and ICT skills in research and provides insights into conducting good research. It covers the nature of research, principles for conducting good research, and the use of selected ICT techniques. It also explores the application of relevant numerical techniques and how to present results effectively.

Using Numeracy and ICT
Skills in Research

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
ESSAY.............................................................................................................................................1
Nature of research and principles for conducting good research................................................1
Project 2...........................................................................................................................................3
Demonstrating the use of selected ICT technique.......................................................................3
Application of the relevant numerical techniques.......................................................................7
.....................................................................................................................................................9
Presenting the results in an appropriate and relevant manner with proper analysis and
findings......................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.............................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Research helps in gaining new high degree of knowledge to carry out particular research
study. Numeracy and ICT skills in the research are crucial because it helps in better comparison
of the data and helps in strategic decision making. This study will demonstrate nature of research
and principles for conducting good research. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates proper
use of ICT techniques and numerical techniques to analyse and interpret the data.
ESSAY
Nature of research and principles for conducting good research
Research is detailed and careful study into particular issue, concern and topic using
relevant methods. It refers to the systematic and logical search for useful & new information on
specific subject, in ant particular area, researcher is conducted in accordance with set of
concepts, procedures and rules, which is well accepted by researcher working in that field in
order to collect some essential data which related to research topic. Professional undertaken
research in creative manner to increase stock of knowledge rather than before. It is classified into
two categories, basic or fundamental and applied research.
Nature of research-
It is something that individual undertaken in order to find out things in systematic way,
systematic, objectivity, definiteness, predictability and dynamicity is the nature of research
(Jiang and Kuo, 2018). It is basically systematic inquiry seeking facts through aims and
objectives verifiable approaches to discover relations among them as well as to deduct from them
broad laws or principles. It is defined as honest exhaustive, intelligent findings for facts and its
meaning for implicants with reference to provide issues. It is totally based on some logical
reasons not just beliefs, research must aim at explaining, analysing, describing and criticizing.
Also, there are number of things to be found out, such as appropriate answer to research
question. It also defined as scientific investigation of phenomena, that includes presentation,
interpretation, collection and analysis of data that link conjecture with reality. Research is strives
to be objective, it is based on empirical evidence and observational experience, characterized by
unhurried & patient activity. Investigation demands correct reservations, descriptions and
observations that helps further research process. Data relevant to chosen topic of research are
gathered systematically, it interpreted effectively and there is clear reason to find things out.

Research is replicable, in which procedure is being recorded so that investigation can be repeated
by others. It is reductive in nature, in which common connection will establish. It refers to
intellectual activity conducted by professionals with good skills, knowledge and abilities.
Systematic methods is followed for appropriate data, process are integral part of activity
that set objectives, investigator practice code as well as ethics of conduct while drawing
conclusions and making observation. Research is based on logical reasoning, includes deductive
and inductive methods. Knowledge or information that is derived is in actual time from real
observation in natural settings. Research is analytical in nature, it makes use of accessible
knowledge so that there is no obscurity in inference (Sivarajah and et.al., 2017). In depth
analysis of all info gathered in enquiry so that there are no anomalies connected with it. It creates
right path for generating new research questions, current data supports to develop more chances
for making effective research. In addition to this, accuracy is very essential aspect of research,
data that is obtained by investigation will be accurate to its nature. Research is empirical in
nature, based on experimentation on concepts. It is originates with questions, requires clear
articulation of aim, usually distinguished principles issues into more systematic manner. It
guided by particular research hypothesis and question. Furthermore, research employs
quantitative and qualitative methods, in order to transformed collected data into numerical as
well as non-numerical measures, that are treated effectively.
Research is generalize in nature, it extent to which investigation findings will be applied
to number population, when researcher conduct inquiry they chose target market and from this
people they take small sample to do investigation.
Along with this, controlled in actual life experience there are many elements that affect
final results. A individual activity is often results of many factors. When related action is tested
in inquiry, due to wider nature of factors that impact that activity. Controlled variables will be
managed rigorously.
Principles for conducting good research-
Number of principles available in real world, that must be undertaken by researcher into
account while conducting good research. Investigation should not harm participants, where there
possibility that individuals put in situation of discomfort, there will be effective justifications for
this (Hibbs, 2018). Principle one refer to the action taken by researcher to minimize risk of

harm, they have to provide each of them with right to drawback from further investigation at any
time. Principles no two is obtaining informed consent. It is one of the foundation of inquiry
ethics, which means that research participants must understand that they are participating in
research and what required of them. For conducting good and systematic research, researcher
should inform their participant about the base of investigation, before processing further. Such
knowledge include reason of research, approaches being used, associated discomforts, risks,
demands, inconveniences and possible outcomes of inquiry. Third principles is related to
protecting confidentiality as well as anonymity. It is another essential elements of research
norms, that must be considered by researcher while conducting investigation in order to make it
better in every possible way. Confidentiality of data and participant is most essential point, in
which researcher has to focus a lot. They do not share any information in front of third person
related to research, without taking permission of participants they cannot be able to transfer data
and share it to anyone.
Researcher will be carried out in unbiased fashion, it not influences outcomes of
investigation in any way (Harriss, MacSween and Atkinson, 2017). At beginning stage, research
must have sufficient and correct resources in terms of time, money, transport and people.
Confidentiality refer to situation in which investigator knows identity of inquiry topic, but takes
crucial steps to protect that identity form being disclosed by others. The researcher conducting
investigation must be trained and research approaches and knowledge should cater,
comprehension of research ethics and obstacles. Furthermore, while conducting research,
researcher should focus on all aspects and principles of inquiry. They must avoid deceptive
practices, that defined in term of informed consent. Researcher do not put any pressure on
participants to take part in further investigation, which is unethical, and make research
unsystematic. People take decision without pressurizing by other person, they are free to share
knowledge and opinion regarding research.
Project 2
Demonstrating the use of selected ICT technique.
Information communication technology (ICT) is considered to be one of the most crucial
aspect which helps in improving the quality to transmit data from one person to another
(Redmond and Whelan, 2017). Microsoft Excel is considered to be an appropriate platform

which helps users to format and organize the data with the help of spreadsheet system. Microsoft
excel spreadsheet is considered to be one of the most appropriate tool for simplifying and
understanding complex statistical data. It is considered to be very effective interactive
communication tool because it in turn helps in improving the learning and knowledge of the
individual. Using spreadsheet helps in creating an innovative graphs and presentation for the
specific statistical data. For quantitative and numerical analysis of the data SPSS tool is
considered to be very useful for analysing the set of data in the research (Sgobbi, 2018).
Spreadsheets are considered to be one of the statistical tool which helps in manipulating and
editing the data.
Illustration 1: male and female 90

Interpretation: From the above presented relevant data, it has been critically examined that, in
the population of people who in turn are aged between 90 to 92 years of the age group of the
overall population. The trend of the age group states that, people who are aged 90 years are
likely to seen there is a steep fall in the population over the years when compared with the age
group of 90 and 92 years. But on the other hand, there has been seen a rising trend in the overall
growth of the population. There seems to be a stability in the later years where the increase or
decrease in the population rate is highly influenced of the overall population. Individuals i.e.,
both males and females who in turn are aged 90 years must in turn shows an increasing trend in
the population over the few years (Falck, Heimisch and Wiederhold, 2016). Further, the
population has decreased very sharply and has further reached at the highest point of 115650 in
the year 2011 and slowly decreased to 110510 in the year 2014. Furthermore, another graph
which in turn depicts the trend of population for both the males and females who in turn are aged
90 years. Female population has an increasing trend over the years as compared to the man who
are aged 90 years. In the year 2011, female tends to have the highest population at 79740. On the
other hand, male who in turn are aged 90 years, the trend shows that, there has been very slight
decrease in the population of men from year 2002 to 2007. On the other hand, in the year 2014
the population of male has increased from 23050 in the year 2002 to 36730 in the year 2014. The
population of the female who are aged 90 years tends to be 61850 in the year 2002 and has
further increased to 74440 in the year 2014.

Interpretation: From the above presented relevant data, it has been critically examined
that, individuals i.e., both male and female who in turn has been aged 103 years tends to have an
increasing trend in the population from the year 2002 at 560 to 1130 in the year 2014. This graph
also depicts that, individuals i.e., both male and female who are aged 105 years and above are
high in population as compared to the individuals who aged 104 years. The population of the
people who in turn are aged 105 years are above has increased from 320 in the year 2002 to 730
in the year 2014 (Office for National Statistic, 2015). But on the other hand, people who in turn
are aged 104 years has increased from 310 in the year 2002 to 640 in the year 2014.
Application of the relevant numerical techniques.
Interpretation: From the above presented relevant data, it has been critically examined
that, mean is considered to be one of the statistical approach which in turn helps in adding all the
number of the set data by dividing the no. of values in set. It is considered to be very useful in
finding out the average of the given set of data (Smith and et.al., 2019). The data presented states
that, the mean of the population has been decreasing over the years within the age group of 90
years and over to 105 years and over. People who in turn are aged 90 years and over tend to have
the highest mean which is at 404533. On the other hand, people who are aged 104 years tend to
have the lowest mean at 456 for the overall population.

Interpretation: From the above presented relevant data, it has been critically examined
that, the mean of the female is higher than compared to that of the male. Over the years, the
mean of the females has fallen more drastically than the males. At the age of 90, the mean of the
females are just more than double at 66242 when compared with the meals whose mean is just at
2862. On the other hand, the mean of the males is also falling but a very slower rate. The mean
for the males who are aged 90 is 28620 and has fallen to 45 for the males who are aged 105 and
over (Office for National Statistic, 2015). On the other hand, the mean for the females who are
aged 90 is 66242 and has fallen to 442 for the females who are aged 105 and over.

Interpretation: From the above presented relevant data, it has been critically examined
that, standard deviation determine the degree of deviation which in turn is carried out in the
given set of data. It is considered to be very useful in measuring the degree of dispersion for the
given set of values (Creese, 2016). This study states that, if the data points have high degree of
deviation within the particular set of the data. Then it in turn tends to result in high degree of
standard deviation. The data presented states that, people who are aged 90 tends to have high
degree of standard deviation which is at 14425. On the contrary, who are aged 104 years tend to
have the lowest standard deviation at 113 for the overall population.

Interpretation: From the above presented relevant data, it has been critically examined
that, the standard deviation of the females are very high as compared to the males. Males and
females who are aged 90 years of the age tend to have the highest standard deviation as
compared to the people who are aged above 90 years of the age. Males who are aged 105 years
of the age tend to have a standard deviation of 16. But on the other hand, females who are aged
105 years of the age tend to have a standard deviation of 442 (Office for National Statistic,
2015). Female population tends to have high degree of variation in the standard deviation which
in turn states that, population of the females are declining at a very increasing rate with the
increase in there age.
Presenting the results in an appropriate and relevant manner with proper analysis and findings.
This study demonstrates that, the population of the female tends to live much longer as
compared to the men. The study demonstrates that, there has been a drastic decline in the
population rate as the age increases from 90 years. But female population still remains highest
when compared with the population of male over the specific age groups (Nagata, 2018). The
life expectancy rate of the female is much higher than compared to the men. This study examines
that, 11.96 million people in the UK are aged 65 and above among which 3.2 million people are
aged 80 years and above. This study also examines that, 16% of the individuals who are aged 65
years and above tend to live in the relative poverty. Among which 1.9 million people tends to
live in relative poverty, while 1.1 million people live just above the poverty line (Tuckett, 2016).
39.4% people who are aged between 70 to 74 years of the age tends to live a very high
satisfaction life. 8% of the people who are aged between 25 to 34 years of the age tends to feel
lonely. This study further examines that, in the near future, the number of individuals who tend
to live over the age of 65 years are likely to increase by 44%. Health conditions tend to limit the
individual from limiting the type of work they are likely to perform. Percentage who are aged
between 55 to 64 years of the age tends to limit the work which they can perform (The State of
Ageing in 2019, 2019). The poorest people are considered to be three times more when compared
with the wealthiest quantile. This study demonstrates that, the poorest quantile of the men who in
turn are aged 50 years and above are likely to be 3 times more prone to chronic disease, 2 times
more prone to have type 2 diabetes and 2 time more likely to be prone to arthritis when
compared with the poorest quantile. Furthermore, this research states that, 70 out of 10 people
who in turn are aged between 45 years to 64 years of the age are likely to be obese in England.

The graphs of the study evaluates that, there seems to be an increasing trend of rise in the female
population over the years as compared to that of the men.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
From the above carried out study it has been concluded that, Research is one of the most
appropriate approach which in turn helps in finding new insight on the related set of the data.
This study also concludes that, research must be systematic, objective, definite, predictable and
dynamic in nature. Minimizing risk of harm, confidentiality of data and participants avoiding
deceptive practices, etc. in turn are considered to be the key principles of the research study. This
study also concludes that, Microsoft Excel is considered to be one of the appropriate ICT tool for
simplifying and understanding complex statistical data. For quantitative and numerical analysis
of the data SPSS tool is used which helps in gaining better understanding on the research study.
Furthermore, numerical and statistical analysis using graphs, trend lines, bar diagram, etc. has
been used to demonstrate the population trend of the males and females who are aged 90 years to
105 years and above over the period of 2002 to 2014. It has been examined that, female
population is considered to be much higher than compared to the men over the period. Female
population tends to fall drastically at a higher rate when compared with that of men. But still, the
population remains higher in comparison to the men over the different set of age groups.
Recommendation
From the above carried out study it has been recommended that, proper treatment must be
taken by both men and female because this in turn helps in increasing the life expectancy rate of
the men (PAAS, 2018). Men must focus on engaging in more physical activity and must also go
for a regular check up. Men should focus on engaging in higher standard of the living where
they tend to focus on reducing the overall drinking consumption. They must also focus on eating
healthy and engage in regular health check ups (Jonas, 2018). This in turn results in increasing
the life expectancy or population rate among both men and women.

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