Using Numeracy Data & IT for LLB Law Students - Desklib

This study material covers concepts of percentage, ratio, mean, range, correlation, and more. It also includes questions and answers related to the UK prison population, non-criminal prisoners, and more. Suitable for LLB Law students.

LLB Law
USING NUMERACY, DATA & IT

3000

Table of Contents
PART 1............................................................................................................................................3
Question 1...............................................................................................................................3
Question 2...............................................................................................................................3
Question 3...............................................................................................................................3
Question 4...............................................................................................................................4
Question 5...............................................................................................................................5
PART 2 - PEOPLE AND SOCIETY PATHWAY..........................................................................5
Question 6...............................................................................................................................5
Question 7...............................................................................................................................6
Question 8...............................................................................................................................8
Question9................................................................................................................................9
Question 10...........................................................................................................................10
Question11............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
Books and Journals...............................................................................................................12

PART 1
Question 1
a) Concept of Percentage- the formula from calculating percentage is by dividing of the
value from total value, then multiply the value by 100.
value ×100%.
total value.
b) Concept of Ratio- It a way of representation of 2 similar quantities is termed as ratio. If x
and y are two different integers or digit or constant, then the ratio of these two digits is
written as x/y or x: y.
For example: 3: 7 ratios.
Question 2
a) 12/20 = 3/5 is the simplest form
b) 36:72 = 1:2 is the simplest from
c) 4:10, 3:4 and 2:5 as equivalent fractions with a denominator of 20
4*2 = 8, 3*5 = 15, 2*4 = 8
10*2 20 4*5 20 5*4 20
d) Find (7 /9) + (3/4) − (2/3)
Denominator = LCM is 36
Multiply (7/9) *4, (3/4) *9 and (2/3) *12
(28/36) +(27/36) -(24/36)
= 31/36
e) Mean
301, 285, 20, 351, 35, 205, 311, 25, 45, 310, 301, 305
301+285+20+351+35+205+311+25+45+310+301+305 = 2494/12
=207.83
Question 3
a) staff members = 80,000
sales team =16,000
customer support team =24,000
software development =14,000

No, of employees in finance =12,000
percentage of employees are part of finance = (12000/80000) *100
= 15%
b) Amount paid for travel =£75
Change received =£10.50
Amount spent= £75 - £10.50 = £64.50
So, one leg of journey is £64.50/2 = £32.25.
c) Conference in Birmingham at 10:45am
Total time from to meeting =
home to station = 1 hour
train time = 1 hour 10 minutes
station to meeting = 5 minutes
Total time needed is 2 hours 15 minutes
Trains to Birmingham run: 5 minutes past the hour, 25 minutes past the hour and 45
minutes past the hour
So she should catch the train at 8.25am.
d) Total no. of people = 90
men = 15 women = 76
2:5 people said 'yes' = 36 people
6:15 men said 'yes' = 14 men
out of 36 – 14 are men
women =22
percentage of women said ‘no’ is 53 women
= (53/90) *100
= 58%
Question 4
a) A paralegal bills a law firm pay = 19.5 hours * £240 per hour
= £4680 money has the paralegal earned from this job.
b) The paralegal splits her earnings between utilities and savings in a ratio of 2:3
money will be allocated to her savings = £4680*3/5
money will be allocated to her savings = £2808

Question 5
a) 30% of the beds are vacant so 70% of beds are occupied by patients
70% = 210
Let Total beds be x
So, x*70/100 = 210
Hence, x = 300 patients
Total beds are 300.
b) Increase its bed capacity by 15% over the next year
300*15/100
The planned bed capacity at the hospital= 45 beds
Total no. beds at hospital next year is 345.
c) The pharmacist is trying to determine which box has the greatest weight.
Given,
Paracetamol weighs = 0.55 kilograms = 11/20
Ibuprofen weighs = 0.56 kilograms = 14/25
Ibuprofen box is heavier by (0.55 – 0.56) by 0.01 kilograms = 1/100.
PART 2 - PEOPLE AND SOCIETY PATHWAY
Question 6
a) Lowest sentenced Prisoners = year 2020 i.e. 67352 prisoners.
Minimum formula =MIN (D3:D7)
b) Least remanded prisoner = 2019 i.e. 9,145.
Formula =MIN (C3:C7)
c) The median of the UK population is 66435600
Formula =MEDIAN (B3:B7).
d) Range of the remanded prisoner over the 5 year:
Range= highest value – lowest value
Highest value = 11388
Lowest value = 9145
Range = 11388-9145
= 2,243

e) In the year 2018 the number sentenced case 72619
72798 in 2019
67352 in 2020
The number of non-criminal prisoner is 2018 = 869, 2019 = 767and 2020 = 774
The three of the year the sentence case is > 60 times from the non-criminal prisoner.
(f)
Year 2016, 2017 and 2018 per capita is highest.
(g) Two behaviour of the UK prison population is:
 There is decline in the prisoner from the year 2017, due to more severe regulations and
punishment.
 In the year 2020 Covid-19 was on peak, because of which there were lesser criminal
activity in the country.
(h) 2017, 2018 and 2019
Question 7
a)
b) Following steps are to be folowed to arrange the data in ascending order:
First, Select the number of prisoner remanded
Second, right click on the mouse.
Third, Select sort
Forth, then select sort A to Z

(c) In the year 2018, 20107 and 2016 the population is less than 66.7 million

(d) Bar chart has been used for representing the number of recorded prisoner population
(e) No column
(f)In order to find out total of non-criminal prisoner in the year 2016-2020
= SUM( E3:E7) is to be applied
=5362
Question 8
a) In order to show the correlation between the non-criminal and remanded prisoner scatter
diagram can be used.

b)
c) The correlation between the UK population and UK prisoner population can be calculated
by the formula: =CORREL (B3:B7, F3:F7)
= -0.863
This depicts that there is negative relationship between the two variable. UK population is
rising from the year 2016-2020 but the number of the prisoners are decreasing year wise.
Question9
a) For finding the median of the non-criminal prisoner this formula must be used
=MEDIAN(E3:E7)
=869
Following are median for national population, number remanded, number sentenced,
prisoner population, 66435600, 9288, 72798, 81943 respectively.
b) For calculating the mean of remanded prisoner population
=AVERAGE(C3:C7)
= 9748.8 is the mean
National Population = 66400340
Number Remanded= 9748.8
Number sentenced = 72377.6
Number of Non- Criminal Prisoner= 1072.4
Total UK prison Population = 82126.4

c)
d) Standard deviation is a measure of deviation from the mean. Standard deviation specifies
the "typical" deviance from the mean. This is a shared measure of variability as it reverts to
the original unit of measure of the dataset. Similar to variance, data points closer to the mean
show less variation and data points farther from the mean show more variance. Standard
deviation calculates how much the values deviate from the mean. Standard deviation, the
most common measure of variance, is based on all values. Therefore, changing even one
value will affect the value of the standard deviation. Independent of origin, but independent
of scale. It is also useful for certain advanced statistical problems.
Question 10
a) In order to find out the sum of number prisoner great than 9150 this formula is to be used
=SUMIF (C3:C7,">9150")
=39599
b) Step 1: to find out the non-criminal prisoner greater than 1000. that is in the year 2016,
2017
Step 2: then find out the average of the greater values. Formula =AVERAGE (E2:E3)
Step 3: Note down the average,1476
c) = SUMIF (B3:B7,">9150")
d) INDEX function applied to searches the spreadsheet to find ‘2019’ and also the corresponding
total number of prisoners for that year is ‘=INDEX(Table4[#All],5,6)’

Question11
a)
b) First, the number of sentenced and non- criminal persons have decreased as it shows
less crime .
Secondly, number of remanded has increased shows as decrease in major crimes.

c)
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Belyakov, B. and Sizykh, D., 2021, December. Deep Reinforcement Learning Task for Portfolio
Construction. In 2021 International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW) (pp. 1077-
1082). IEEE.
Best, R., Parker, A.M. and Peters, E., 2022. Age declines in numeracy: An analysis of longitudinal
data. Psychology and Aging, 37(3). p.298.
Heilmann, L., 2020. Health and numeracy: The role of numeracy skills in health satisfaction and health-
related behaviour. ZDM, 52(3). pp.407-418.
Killen, C.P., Geraldi, J. and Kock, A., 2020. The role of decision makers’ uses of visualizations in project
portfolio decision making. International Journal of Project Management, 38(5). pp.267-277.
Liu, S. and Wang, Z., 2022. Continual portfolio selection in dynamic environments via incremental
reinforcement learning. International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics. pp.1-11.
Lurtz, M.R. and Archuleta, K., 2021. The effect of risk literacy and visual aids on portfolio choices among
professional financial planners. Financial Services Review, 29(3).